Family Service Association

Community based prevention of gender based violence and treatment for survivors project proposal in Kirkos Subcity, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

Submitted to :-MISEREOR/KZE April,2012

Acronyms

ACSCBO- Community Based Organization CEDAW- Convention on the Elimination of Discrimination Against Women CSA- Central Statistical Agency DEDAW- Declaration on the Elimination of Discrimination Against Women EWLA- Ethiopian Women Lawyers Association FSA- Family Services Association GBV- Gender Based Violence ICA- International Cooperatives Association IGA- Income Generating Activities MoE- Ministry of Education NGO- Non-Governmental Organization RBA- Right Based Approach RH- Reproductive Health UDHR- Universal Declaration on Human Rights UNDP- United Nations Development Program UNIFEM- United Nations Development Fund for Women WAO- Womens Affairs Office WEF- World Economic Forum

Project Summary
Country: Ethiopia

Project title: Community based prevention of gender based violence and treatment for survivors project in Project location: Kirkos sub-city Addis Ababa Implementing organization: Family Service Association Partner Organization: Addis Ababa Catholic Secretariat. Legal holder: Family service Association Description of the situation: The project will be implemented in three kebeles of Kirkos sub-city. The sub-city has been witnessing high rates of GBV inflicted on house wives, female spouses, domestic workers and female students. These major groups were identified as particularly vulnerable to GBV during a situational analysis that was conducted by FSA. The continued lack of concerted effort in alleviating GBV and rehabilitating and empowering victims has various human rights and social welfare implications. The prevalence of the problem and the lack of an organized and effective response system have made it pertinent to design the project herein proposed. The strategy for response employs a holistic and integrated approach, wherein interventions situate the causes and the solutions for the problem in the environment. During the pilot stage of the project, a direct service approach was largely employed so as to rehabilitate GBV victims. In this proposal, economic empowerment is added as a central component towards the prevention of GBV and treatment of survivors. The rationale for refocusing intervention strategies is the apparent relationship between womens vulnerability to GBV and their level of economic dependence. Contact address: Service Association Family Service Association P.O. Box 54578 E-mail fsaaddis@yahoo.com Tel-+25111610168 Legal representative of Family Lettegebrial Hailu, BSW Executive director of FSA P.O. Box 54578, Tel-+251911407396 E-mail: letinathan@yahoo.com

1. Background and context of the project

1.1 Project location The project will be implemented in Kirkos sub-city, which is one of the ten subcities under the Addis Ababa city administration. Structurally, the sub-city is composed of 10 kebeles (these are the smallest administrative units in Ethiopia).According to CSAs annual population bulletin, the sub-city has an estimated total population of 230,271. Out of these 53.25% are female (122,735) and the remaining 46.7% are male (107,536). The average annual growth rate of the population is 2.1% to which the natural growth rate (1.01%) has a lesser contribution, than growth due to migration which stands at 1.2% Majority of the sub-city dwellers are engaged in informal employment, the day to day life activities of the sub-city population evolve around various occupations like road side vending, small shop retailing and open market trading, local alcohol brewing and selling. The women obtain poorly paid, part time and insecure jobs. Women don't control their own income. Their unemployment rate is high especially among the less educated ones. Even those employed work mostly in the informal sector in petty commodity production, domestic service, prostitution and fuel wood collection. Different studies indicate that the economy of the city in general and the subcity in particular is service sector dominant and the private; especially the informal economic activity has a greater contribution. So, 80% of the citys dwellers earn very low income of less than 74.5 USD per month. On top of this the high unemployment rate of the sub-city that is more than 40% aggravates the poverty situation of the residents. Hence most of the households spent more than 65% of their income on food. Poverty in Addis Ababa in general and Kirkos sub-city in particular is still one of the major problems and it seems to have been increasing in the last years. Some authors claim that today, about 70 to 80% of the Addis Ababa population is living at or below subsistence level (UN Habitat, 2007). 4

Poor housing conditions, overcrowding, high density, poor access, and lack of infrastructure services characterize the 80% or more of sub-citys core neighborhoods that are generally described as slums. With regard to potable water the city today is suffering from a significant shortage of potable water. The citys water production capacity has never kept up with demand. Over one-third of the citys demand for potable water remains unmet. There is very little doubt if any that the poorer parts of the city are hit the hardest by this water shortage. In relation to formal education, around 65 primary and secondary schools are found in the sub-city. According to the annual statistical bulletin of the MoE the gross enrollment ratio primary level education is 114.1 1.2 PROJECT JUSTIFICATION The rationale for this project can be traced to an inter-related set of prevailing circumstances. First, there is growing national concern about violence in homes, workplaces, and in public spaces at the local, national, and international levels. GBV is emerging as a serious global health, human rights, and development issue. It is a symptom of underlying gender inequalities and power imbalances, and it is a worldwide phenomenonone that transcends the bounds of geography, race, culture, class, and religion, touching virtually every community in every corner of the globe. Too often condoned by custom and reinforced by institutions, GBV thrives on impunity. Today, as in history, violence against women may constitute one of the most universal and unpunished crimes of all. Second, there is a wide range of violent actions observed in the sub-city. According to a situational analysis conducted by FSA in 2009, more than 75 % of housewife respondents described that, they faced various violence /abuse related physical, economical, emotional, psychological and sexual by their mates or partners. Of these (i.e. the 75%) all were economically dependent. Similarly, various studies also showed that though education by and large appears to protect girls from GBV, particularly harmful traditional practices, it 5

is not uncommon in the sub-city for sexual harassment and coercion to take place within the context of schools. GBV in schools can include bullying, sexual harassment, excessive corporal punishment, and/or sexual abuse. It occurs in and around school, as well as on the way to and from school. A study by the womens affairs office showed that during the 2004 to 2008 period more than 2311 women reported to have been sexually and/or physically abused. However, socio-cultural barriers which result in the majority of violence cases not being reported lead us to infer that the number of gender based survivors in the sub-city are substantially high. Results from focus group discussions and face to face interviews (which were conducted as part of the situational analysis by FSA) with different stakeholder groups showed that there were misconception with regard to the form, types and consequence of GBV as well as low awareness on the practical action and measures to combat gender based violence at the local and national level. Third, there is a growing consensus on the need for a concerted effort by various development actors to fight against GBV and treatment for survivors. Only few organizations are currently engaged in the campaign against GBV through education, economic empowerment of destitute women, and shelter for abused women. Consequently, the pervasiveness of the problem and the existing demand for services far outstrips current efforts which are meager and poorly integrated. To this end, the efforts of various actors should be targeted towards implementing a holistic and comprehensive approach to combat gender based violence and treatment for survivors. It is in light of the aforementioned prevailing conditions that FSA launched its community based prevention of GBV and survivors prevention project. The project was designed with due consideration of the following fundamental strategic needs.
Tackling Gender-Based Violence is Crucial for Poverty Reduction

Gender-based violence is not only a cause of poverty but also a consequence of it. Conflict over scarce economic resources and limited mobility restricts womens and girls access to education, health, livelihood opportunities and resources, both due to fears and threats of sexual violence and ideas about chastity and reputation. Gender-Based Violence is a Violation of Human Rights

Gender-based violence violates human rights. All forms of violence against women fall within the definition of discrimination against women as set out by different instruments such as UDHR, CEDAW and DEDAW. Tackling Gender-Based Violence is Key to Reversing the spread of HIV Forced sex increases womens vulnerability to HIV by making it difficult or impossible to negotiate safer sex. Violent sexual encounters also increase the risk of tears or abrasions to the vaginal wall, greatly exacerbating womens biological vulnerability to infection. Young girls are especially susceptible due to the under development of their reproductive tracts Tackling Gender-Based Violence is Essential in Order to Protect and
Promote Sexual and Reproductive Health and Rights

Gender-based discrimination and violence, including forced sex, is the cause of many sexual and reproductive health problems including sexually transmitted infections and unwanted pregnancy. Unwanted pregnancy can have serious repercussions, including unsafe abortions, as well as stigma by family members leading to social isolation, suicide and sometimes honor killings. 1.3 TARGET GROUP OF THE PROJECT FSA used the data obtained through the situational assessment to identify its target population which it found to be particularly vulnerable for this specific project. The main target groups of the project are as follows: 300 women who are living or leaving in abusive relationship (Indirectly on average 1200 children will be benefited)

 200 Domestic workers (Indirectly more than 1200 other domestic workers will be benefited) 4,320 married couples 1,680 Students and school communities, (Indirectly more than 6,720 family member and other youth will be benefited) 8 Activist women 3200 various segments of the community (Indirectly 38400 community members will be benefited) Domestic workers are a large but invisible and vulnerable category of adolescent girls. Forty-eight percent of out-of-school girls in slum areas of Addis Ababa were child domestic workers, thus targeting domestic workers should be regarded as a crucial strategy in reducing gender-based violence. With regard to targeting students, there are two crucial issues that need to be given due consideration. In one hand, there is a growing concern about GBV that takes place within and around school compounds in which female students are primarily affected. On the other hand, in promoting cultural shifts in devising a community based GBV prevention scheme extensive engagement with children and adolescents has been demonstrated to be highly effective. Ideally this engagement should begin in the formative years, and an effective way of attaining this through an education system which is rooted in a gender and RBA. Another strategy for promoting community based GBV prevention involves engaging activist women (it would be good, if we could come up with an operational description of what we mean by an activist woman). Activist women are expected to play a big role in bringing about a stop to inter generational cycle of violence. This is achieved through family mediation and

reconciliation as well as increasing the consciousness of women on their rights and GBV. 1.4 MAJOR ACHIEVEMENTS FSA is currently running a pilot project for a duration of one year focusing on prevention of gender based violence and treatment for survivors in three kebelles of Kirkos sub-city. In the course of the pilot project implementation the following activities have been attained: Shelter services were provided for 22 abused women; Start-up capital was provided for 8 shelter graduates; Door-to-door education services have been provided for 1320 women and their 5280 family member. 1.5 ACHIEVEMENT OF THE PROJECT OBJECTIVE In the six months since implementation of the project has began, it has been possible to observe some outcomes in intermediate objectives. The extent to which these outcomes were due to this project (and not other intervening factors) will have to be subject for further evaluation. An evidencebased approach in service provision is the cornerstone of effective and sustainable intervention. Some of the intermediate outcomes of the project activities are listed as follows: The door to door education have brought about some attitudinal changes in relation to the causes and consequences of domestic violence on children, women and in general on the family. The extent to which the intervention resulted in reported outcomes was obtained through, monthly dialogue and discussion with beneficiaries of door to door education and feedback from volunteer outreach education workers.

The door-to-door education also enhanced awareness about personal and environmental hygiene and sanitation. These outcomes were verified through post-intervention observations, through which families exhibited hygienic behavior in their housekeeping, clothing and latrine Before the intervention some houses looks dirty and the cloths of family members as well, however after they received the education, they started cleaning their cloths, houses and their latrine.

The slight changes in the womens self-esteem, sense of personal empowerment, ability to deal with the services, satisfaction with life, and hope may reflect the shelters contribution after a 3-month stay. Evidently, a shelter improves womens internal resources and well being to some extent, thus enabling women to reconsider their lives with their partners. The supportive, caring community of the shelter, which serves as a holding environment, may increase the womens freedom of choice to decide about their future life course. In this context, the women may be able to consider a broader range of options for themselves. To measure their self esteem, we used Rosenbergs (1965) Self-Esteem Scale, which consists of 10 items, such as these: I feel that I am at least as valuable a person as others, I feel that I dont have much to be proud of, and I have a positive attitude toward myself. Similarly to measure, sense of empowerment, we used family empowerment scale and we developed instruments to measure life satisfaction and hope based on an instrument that was developed by Campbell (1976) and validated by Marcos and Doron (1988). We observed and analyzed the changes by asking shelter residents to complete Questionnaires at the end of their 1st week at the shelter and again after 3 months. The Support group discussion of 22 participants on weekly basis helped the abused women to share their learning to Use Strength, learning to Survive, they also shared various strategies, characteristic of resilience that helped them deal with abuse, talked about digging within them for 10

protection. Often, these are boundaries that the women have subsequently formed because of what they learned during years in an abusive relationship. The change observed during the monthly review meeting with members of the support group. This project also enhanced the implementation capacity of FSA, it created an opportunity to establish strong network and linkage with both governmental and non governmental organizations such as, Addis Ababa WAO at Regional, Sub-city and Kebelle level, EWLA, ACS, Police and other grass root organizations. Participatory beneficiaries monitoring and other approach major with active involvement of our stakeholders demonstrated

accountability to the targeted community and changed the attitude towards mutual trust building with the main development actors. The participatory monitoring also helped us to take appropriate action at the right time and place. 1.6 PROJECT GOALS AND OBJECTIVES 1.6.1 Project goal To contribute to a reduction of gender-based violence and to promote the rights and the economic and social empowerment of those subject to genderbased violence1.6.2 Project objectives Reducing the rate of repeated trauma of women leaving or living in abusive relationship through holistic shelter service and income generating activities in the project area. Increasing the capacity of schools in preventing and mitigating school based violence against girls in the project area. Increasing the number of community based programs for prevention of GBV and treatment for survivors through community conversation approach 11

 Creating

conducive

conditions

to

enhance

community members

participation in decision-making on matters affecting their lives. Conducting extensive awareness campaigns among domestic workers and their employers on issues of gender based violence prevention and womens right Improving accessibility of information related to GBV, life skills, RH, sanitation and entrepreneurship skills for housewives in the project area. Lobbying to increase the number of NGOs and CBOs using Community Conversations to stimulate and scale up to address GBV.

2. Implementation plan
2.1 PLANNED ACTIVITIES In order to achieve the above-mentioned objectives with optimum results, the following planned activities will be under taken for the next three years: 1. Provision of integrated shelter service for 300 women leaving or living in abusive relationship particularly those women suffering from physical, sexual economical and psychological violence inside and outside home One hundred and twenty of the total will be shelter residents while the rest will have access to daytime service. The shelter will provide a peaceful and respectful environment where the healing process can begin. The service will include basic life needs such as: Clothing Food Bed Medical help Children services (including child care assistance)

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Continuous and intensive counseling on assertiveness, decision-making skill, communication skill and other life skill models Legal aid on the issues of child custody, divorce proceedings and criminal cases Parenting support Emotional supportive counseling service

2. Facilitating Economic Independence for Women Leaving or Living in Abusive Relationships. Women with more economic opportunities are generally less vulnerable to violence and less likely to need to resort to harmful behaviors for survival. A major factor underlying violence against women is their low economic and social status relative to men Economic independence refers to a condition where individual women and men have their own access to the full range of economic opportunities and resources in order that they can shape heir lives and can meet their own needs and those of their dependants. Women need economic resources to make choices for themselves and their children as well as to reduce vulnerability to any violence. Therefore FSA planned to facilitate economic independence for shelter client through the following major activities: Provision of five days training for 300 shelter graduate women on business management and entrepreneurship skill. The training will held in six rounds within the project lifespan. Provision of start up capital for shelter graduate women. Each women (300) will receive 1200 Birr to start a new business or to increase the capacity their existing business The 300 residents of the shelter will be organized into several cooperatives specializing in different types of IGAs which the

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residents will select themselves. The organization will facilitate the formation and legalizing of the cooperatives and will provide startup capital for each cooperative, which will be receivable by the organization. This will foster a greater sense of ownership among women and will also encourage competitiveness. 3. Engaging communities to prevent gender based Violence through community conversation that involves discussions and analysis of public perceptions. FSA strongly believe that community conversation will help to facilitate female and male urban community members (neighborhood), themselves, to identify GBV as a serious problem for their community and as a result to arouse community mobilization and participation to create behavior change and to ensure that women play a key role in all activities so that they have the power and possibility to express their opinions, discuss their experiences and influence the decisions and behavior of individuals and communities relating to gender based violence . To materialize the above-mentioned merit of community conversation, the following major activities will be done: Initially 16 local facilitators will be selected from the community based on the criteria set by the community. Following the selection of the desired local facilitators, ten days training on facilitation skill, basic values and process of social change through community conversation will be undertaken. Then 16 community conversation sites will be established and create an opportunity for dialogue and mutual learning. Around process. 7680 male and female expected to participate and actively engage in the learning

4. Provision of door-to-door education for women who have low

access to information.

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The activities targeted at housewives and domestic workers are intended to raise awareness on issues of GBV, RH, sanitation, entrepreneurship, assertiveness and life skills. The home visit will be undertaken by six volunteer outreach workers. Each outreach worker is expected to visit 6-8 households per/day on a regular basis. In such a manner, around 4320 housewives and 200 domestic workers will be reached by the education service. 5. Strengthening six in-school existing girls club. As briefly mentioned on the project target section, the main aim of school based activities emanate from two central viewpoints. In one hand there is the continuing need to curb school based violence and on the other hand engagement with schools will ensure the creation of a violence-free society by mainstreaming gender issues throughout the child development cycle. To ensure the practicality of the above-mentioned perspectives, the following activities will be undertaken. Training will be provided for 60 peer educators on prevention of school based violence and life skills Technical support will be delivered to six girls club to enhance their capacity to reach more students in education issues related to gender based violence. 2.1. IMPLEMENTATION STRATEGIES
Engaging all stakeholdersfrom the community level to the regional

government levelto ensure widespread commitment to eliminating GBV; Work with men, especially youth, and communities at large, to change attitudes and behaviors. Engage men and boys in effective ways to reduce gender inequalities and prevent violence through questioning traditional norms associated with femininity and masculinity and reinforcing positive masculine behavior, rather than that, which harms women.

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 Engaging the community-wide meetings, knowledge-building workshops, peer group discussions, and drama to challenge gender inequities related to GBV Awareness raising through seminars and workshops with students, their parents, teachers, government officials, and NGOs in relation to GBV in schools. Empowering clients: Sustained support of women (in the legal, social, psychological and moral spheres) through the projects was a significant factor in their empowerment Working with men: sensitizing man, especially influential male leaders, to the far-reaching impact of GBV is an important area of prevention that has received little attention to date. Develop public education campaigns designed to shame offenders and inform women of their right to be free from violence and of available protective services such as safe houses or hot line numbers; and Support the establishment and training of community paralegals to assist and advise GBV victims on legal recourse Establish an effective system of Parent Teacher Associations and/or mainstream GBV prevention and treatment schemes in the School Management, so as to facilitate assessment, intervention and reporting of school based GBV. Develop services for perpetrators of GBV aimed at behavioral modification: various forms of counseling, treatment for substance abuse problems and violent behavior, in addition to exclusively focusing on services for survivors. 2.2 PROJECT PERSONNEL With the view of specialization and coordination to implement the project effectively and efficiently, FSA will have the following project staffs:

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Qualification 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Project manager Senior social worker Counselor Accountant Casher /secretary House mother Cooker Cleaner Shelter guard

Quantity 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2

Status of employment Full time Full time Full time Full time Full time Full Full Full Full time time time time

Duration of Employment period Already available Already available Already Available Already available Already availably Already available Already available Already available Already Available

The existing staff has the desired experience and educational background needed for effective execution of tasks under the kind of stressful and complex conditions this project is implemented. There is also continued effort by the organization to upgrade the professional staff so as to keep up breast of new developments in the field through short term and long term trainings and by facilitating inter-organization experience sharing regarding best practices. The organizations management team is responsible for setting up and supporting the governance structure before the project initiates its activities to ensure that all key decisions are made at the right time. The management team defines the project governance in a document that outlays the roles and responsibilities for decision-making in the project; this may include the creation of a project committee with its operating rules. 2.3 EXTERNAL ACTORS In all efforts aimed towards adopting a holistic approach to the fight against GBV, partnership and cooperation with major stakeholders is of utmost significance. Since the commencement of the pilot project, FSA has been

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creating strong links and networks with different governmental and nongovernmental bodies. These include: WAO, the sub-city administration, women associations, youth associations, Iddirs (small community based associations), schools and other NGOs working in the project areas. The linkages are based on mutual support and learning. Monthly review meetings are conducted with the above-mentioned stakeholders to discuss and reflect on the achievement and challenges encountered in the course of the project implementation. In identifying the concern of the community to design this project, the role of the above-mentioned stakeholders was important. As a fundamental priority for achievement of any development project, FSA will excel in creating conducive environment for the participation of local partners in project planning, implementation of the project as well as evaluation of outcomes. 2.4 POSSIBLE OTHER EFFECTS The following are the intended effects of the project which are expected to occur in addition to the stated effects mentioned in the goal and objectives section: The community capacity enhancement approach (community conversation approach) on prevention of GBV will strengthen the community cohesion and communication to work together on issues affecting the community such as: sanitation, peace building, nutrition, unemployment, poverty, saving and other related problems. The door-to-door education program will bring about changes in gender role assignments at the household level The shelter service can have a tremendous effect on the psycho-social wellbeing of childrens of abused women. The IGA program will bring about economic empowerment which will in turn balance power relations with men and bolster their capacity for decision making in the household.

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 The IGA program for abused women is expected to improve access of education and other essential services for their children. The IGA program for abused women will have a ripple effect by way of creating job opportunities for other women. The logic here is the greater the capacity of women, the greater their capacity will be to employ women facing similar circumstances for assistance. Better awareness would be created by parents on child rearing practice in relation to gender roles and violence, partly due to the school intervention. Support group discussion will reinforce solidarity among survivors and enhance collective empowerment. Increased access of domestic worker to evening education. The implementation of such project encouraged and motivated other NGOs and community-based organization to engage aggressively on prevention of gender based violence and treatment for survivors.

3. Planned outcome and impact assessment

The following indicators will be used to assess the achievement of the project Number of abused women refereed to the shelter successfully complete the whole process in counseling and other services Number of shelter gradate engaged actively in income generating activities Number of shelter graduate who successfully reintegrate to the community Number of community members actively participate in the process of community dialogue and take doable actions Number of schools actively engaged in peer education on prevention of school based violence and life skills Reduced victims against domestic workers Number House holds brought change on gender roles 19

Reduction of cases of school based violence Number of shelter graduate increased their daily income Creation of strong Solidarity among support group members Sense of collective empowerment by support group members Level of communication and internal relation among participants of community conversation Quality of counseling offer in shelter Facilitation skill of community conversation facilitators Quality of door to door education Quality of training offer to shelter clients

4. Literature Review
The issue of women facing GBV is one of the priority areas of current development efforts geared at bringing about gender equality. In recognition of the importance of establishing gender equality around the world, the UNIFEM was established as a separate fund within the UNDP in 1984. Women empowerment has taken center stage in many initiatives aimed at bringing about sustainable development. In attaining this end, many approaches have been employed in bringing about positive outcomes on different welfare and empowerment indicators such as health status, educational enrollment, employment trends, political participation etc (WEF, 2005). The conventional approach in fighting GBV has for long been direct service provision for the intended group under consideration. This approach has both its strengths and weaknesses depending on prevailing contextual circumstances. Some of the strengths pertain to: high responsiveness to needs

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of target groups in an emergency situation; flexible utility and ease of administration. and Among in the service major weaknesses are: non-sustainability; on Women and impracticality in low resource settings and a tendency to promote passiveness dependency recipients (Commission Development, 2007; Swain, 2007). It is for these reasons and more that recent trends in development are moving in the direction of community based capacity building. This has been especially the case in developing countries where direct service provision has failed for one or more of the indicated reasons in alleviating poverty and related issues in a sustainable manner. While a direct service approach places service recipients on the fringe of the development process a community capacity building approach puts it (i.e. the service recipient) at the center by allowing for active engagement (Umashankar, 2006; McKelly and McCord, 2001). Economic empowerment through a self help group system is one of such approaches that have proven to be very instrumental in achieving women empowerment hence fighting GBV. Various literatures (Ghosh, 1999; Marcoux, 1998) in the field have shown that one of the major underlying factors in the perpetuation of GBV is economic dependency and poverty among women. According to UNIFEM (2000), for every USD 1 earned by a man a woman in a developing country may earn less than half of what is earned by the man. This inequity in wealth distribution lays the groundwork for the establishment of power relations that favor men, thereby compromising womens capacity to participate in decision making. In developing countries like Ethiopia, where the resources for a direct service provision system are scarce and underdeveloped, the role that a group based economic empowerment scheme could play is immense. Income generation through cooperative entrepreneurship is thereby the most practical

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mechanism through which economic empowerment for women can be achieved. According to the ICA (1995), a cooperative is: An autonomous association of persons united voluntarily to meet their common economic, social and cultural needs and aspirations through a jointly owned and democratically controlled enterprise. As can be observed from the definition provided above, cooperatives provide the ideal platform for women of low economic status to unite, work together, develop and exercise decision making. Among the major advantages of cooperative enterprises are: benefits are equitably distributed among owners (in our case women who are victims of or vulnerable to GBV) as opposed to other types of business establishments where benefits are transferred to a third party owner; existing community assets and resources are effectively mobilized and ownership is equally shared (US Department of Agriculture, 1995). So in addition to addressing the immediate economic needs of women, cooperative enterprises attend to concerns regarding sustainability by bolstering a sense of ownership and competitiveness among its members. This will in turn create conducive conditions for favorable outcomes in alleviating GBV which by and large emanates from economic dependency on male partners (WEF, 2005). Efforts targeted towards fighting GBV should be holistic in the range of needs they address and integrated in their incorporation of mechanisms of intervention to address these needs. It is in light of these considerations that the need to utilize cooperative enterprises were identified as a promising strategy towards economic empowerment among women who are survivors of and vulnerable to GBV. FSA hopes to draw on the strengths of its direct service provision scheme (through the shelter service and door-to-door education) and a cooperative based economic empowerment approach in which community assets and strengths are incorporated as part of the GBV prevention, treatment and rehabilitation scheme.

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5. Methodology
There are two general ways to gather information on indicators: quantitative and qualitative data collection. 5.1 QUANTITATIVE DATA COLLECTION METHODS Quantitative data are percentage-based or number measures that help compare expected results with actual results. Measurable indicators are necessary to chart the successes and failures of the program and to also monitor changes within the population. Some of the more common forms of collecting reviewing. Systematic observation: often quantifies data using systems of scoring, checklists, or by categorizing interactions, behaviors and events through observation. Each participant should be observed under the same conditions. Structured interviewing: is a quantitative data collection instrument most often conducted using an in-depth questionnaire. Self-reporting: this is usually facilitated by a questionnaire which is filled out by the informant. Some of the disadvantages of self-reporting are that only literate individuals can use it, and that data gathered using this means is often the informants self-perception of her or his behavior or experience, which may not be accurate. 5.2 QUALITATIVE DATA COLLECTION METHODS Alternatively, qualitative data is descriptive in nature and often used to enhance and reinforce quantitative findings. It taps into the feelings and attitudes of the client rather than focusing on hard numeric data. Some methods of collecting qualitative data are direct and unobtrusive observation, quantitative data are systematic observation, structured interviewing using close-ended questions, client self-reporting and record

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semi structured/unstructured interviews using open-ended questions, focus group discussions and community informant interviews. Semi-structured or unstructured interviews: are conducted using openended questions rendering them extremely flexible in the structure of responses and in the direction of the interview. Focus group discussions: discussions among 6-12 individuals, who share similar demographic, socio-economic and cultural background; allows for a variety of opinions and topics to be explored at the same time. Community informant interviews: these are interviews with community members who have expertise knowledge about a subject of interest. Monthly review meetings with stakeholder groups are also an effective method in gathering information and recommendation regarding intervention strategies. Major stakeholders are invited to engage actively in the process of program monitoring and evaluation. To this end, monthly review meetings will be held with major stakeholders and focus group discussions will be conducted among the target groups every two months. These meetings with stakeholders and target groups will be instrumental in facilitating timely and effective corrective action on time, assess the unintended effects of the project and capitalize on best practices.

6. Sustainability
In order to ensure long-term sustainability of the project outputs and outcomes, the FSA Project has developed a Sustainability Strategy. This strategy identifies and defines concrete measures to be taken in order to carry forward the positive benefits gained from this project, as well as to ensure sustainability of actions during the implementation of project itself.

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Building a broad base of proactive stakeholders that will take the fore front in the initiative to alleviate GBV provide support to the activities and processes initiated by the project in an ongoing manner. Enhance the capacity of the community to coordinate and lead the community conversation program and to assess and report cases of GBV. Encouraging volunteerism in all activities of the project Aligning and linking components of the project with government budgeting line so as to ensure continuity of services. Engaging in an aggressive market promotion scheme through which demand for saleable items and services produced and supplied by the cooperatives remains high and a sustainable market demand is maintained. Facilitating the establishment of gender based violence survivors association to mobilize efforts towards the cause, enhance mutual support and sense of collective empowerment. Encouraging schools to mainstream the work of prevention of GBV in their curriculum, annual plan and daily activities.

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7. Budget
n. o
1 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 2

Activities Shelter service

Food and sanitation) Medical care Clothing Bed sheet and blanket Transportation expense for daytime shelter client Equipping the existing kitchen and dinning rooms of the center Plastic chairs and tables Refrigerator Locker, cabinet and table

Unit
Person Person Person Pcs Person

Quantity
300 300 300 120 180

Breakdown
300 Per x 250bir x 3month=225000 300 per x 200birr =60000 300per x 200=60000 120pcs x 200birr=24000 180 x 10birr x 12weeks=21600

Year one
75000 20000 20000 8000 7200

Year two
75000 20000 20000 8000 7200

Year three
75000 20000 20000 8000 7200

Total cost
225000 60000 60000 24000 21600

2.1 2.2 2.3 3 3.1

pcs Number

20 chairs and 3 tables 1 5

30 chair x 160 birr x3 table x 900 =7500 1ref x5000bir=5000 5 x2500birr=12500

7500 5000 12500

7500 5000 12500

Sub total
Establishing support group Coffee ceremony program Support group 8 8 group x 24 weeks x80birr= 15360

155200

130200

130200

415600

5120

5120

5120

15360

Income generating program for women

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leaving or living in 4.1 4.1. 1 4.1. 2 4.1. 3 4.1. 4 4.1. 6 4.2 5 5.1 5.1. 1 5.1. 2 abusive relationship Training on business management skill for five days Lunch allowance and refreshment for trainees Allowance for trainers Notebook and pen Stationery material Hall rent Start up capital

Person Person ,, days hall Person

300 2 300 5 1 300

300perx30birx5days=4 5000 800x 5d x6round=24000 300per x 15birr=4500 5day x 150 birr x6round=4500 1hall x 700 x 5da x6round=21000 300per x 800=240000

15000 8000 1500 1500 7000 80000

15000 8000 1500 1500 7000 80000

15000 8000 1500 1500 7000 80000

45000 24000 4500 4500 21000 240,000

Subtotal
Public Awareness program on gender based violence Strengthening and expanding the existing Door to door education Transportation allowance for volunteer educators Educational kit for out reach education worker

118120

118120

118120

354360

Person Person

4 4

4perx600birr x 36momth=86400 4per x 450 birr=1800

28800 600

28800 600

28800 600

86400 1800

5
5.2

Sub total
Community capacity enhancement to prevent gender based violence Training for local facilitators on approaches

29400

29400

29400

88200

5.2. 1

27

and fundamental values of community conversation (CC) approach I. Lunch allowance and refreshment for trainees II. Allowance for trainers III. Hand out duplication IV Notebook and pen . V. 5.2. 2 5.2. 3 5.3 Stationery material for the training Transportation allowance for CC facilitators

Person Person Person Person Session Person Person

8 3 16 16 2 16 6400

8per x 10day x 60birr x 2 round =9600 800 birr x 10day x 2 round =16000 8perx 80 birr x 2 round =1280 8per x 15 bir x 2 round= 240 2sess x 750x10day=1500 8per x 150 birr x 30 months =36000 3200 pers x 1.5.birr x12weeks=57600

4800 8000 640 120 750 7200 11520 14400 23040

4800 8000 640 120 750 14400 23040

9600 16000 1280 240 1500 36000 57600

Coffee ceremony program for CC participants Strengthening school girls club to confront with the issues of school based gender violence 5.3. Providing training on 1 prevention of school based violence against girls and life skills for students from 6 public schools I. Lunch allowance and refreshment for trainees II. Allowance for trainers III. Hand out duplication

Person Person Person

60 3 60

60pers x 60birr x 5day x 2 round =36000 800 birr x 5day x 2 round =8000 60pers x 50 birx

18000 4000 3000

18000 4000 3000

36000 8000 6000

28

IV Notebook and pen . V. 5.3. 2 5.4 i . i i . 6 Stationery material for the training Technical support for six school girls club Publication of best practices and lessons through IEC/BCC material Leaflet Poster

Person Session Club

60 2 6

2round=6000 60perx15bir x 2round=1800 2sess x 150bi x 5day=1500 6club x 3000birr=18000

900 750 6000

900 750 6000 6000

1800 1500 18000

pcs pcs

15000 1000

30000 7500

10000 2500

10000 2500

10000 2500

30000 7500

Sub total

78180

82590

70250

231020

Staff salary and benefit Project manager Senior social worker Counselor Accountant Casher /secretary House mother Cooker Cleaner Person Person Person Person Person Person Person Person 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
1per x 5000birr x 36 month =180000 1per x 3600 birr x 36 month =129600 1per x 2000 birr x 36 month =72000 1per x 2000 birr x 36 month =72000 1per x 2000 birr x 36 month =72000 1person x 800 birr x 36month=28800 1person x 800 birr x 36month=28800 1per x 700 biir x 36 60000 43200 24000 24000 24000 9600 9600 8400 60000 43200 24000 24000 24000 9600 9600 8400 60000 43200 24000 24000 24000 9600 9600 8400 180000 129600 72000 72000 72000 28800 28800 25200

6.1 6.2 6.3 6.4 6.5 6.6 6.7 6.8

29

6.9 6.1 0

Shelter guard
Staff benefit (25%)PF, medical expense, Insurance and transportation allowance

Person

month =25200 2per x700 birr x 36 month=50400

16800 54900

16800 54900

16800 54900

50400 164700

Sub total
7 7.1 7.2 7.3 7.4 7.5 7.6 7.7 FSA administration cost Shelter rent Office supplies Utility bill Fuel and oil Audit fee Staff training Car maintenance Sub total Shelter Months Months Months Year Year 1 36 36 36 3 3 1she x 6000 x 36 months =216000 36 month x 1000bir=36000 36 months x 1000=36000 36 month x 1000=36000 3years x8000 birr=24000 10000 x 3years=30000 8000 birr x 3 years =24000

274500
72000 12000 12000 12000 8000 10000 8000 134000

274500
72000 12000 12000 12000 8000 10000 8000 134000

274500
72000 12000 12000 12000 8000 10000 8000 134000

823500
216000 36000 36000 36000 24000 30000 24000 402000

Total
Public contribution (non monetary )

789400
25000

768810
25000

756470
25000

231468 0
75000

Total = 2,314,680.00 Public contribution = 75,000.00 non-monetary

Grand total =

2,389,968.00

30

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