Sample nasm programs

hello.asm basic stand alone program

This program demonstrates basic text output to a screen. No "C" library functions are used. Calls are made to the operating system directly. (int 80 hex) ; ; ; ; ; ; hello.asm assemble: link: run: output is: a first program for nasm for Linux, Intel, gcc nasm -f elf -l hello.lst gcc -o hello hello.o hello Hello World ; ; ; ; hello.asm

msg: len:

SECTION .data db "Hello World",10 equ $-msg SECTION .text global main mov mov mov mov int mov mov int edx,len ecx,msg ebx,1 eax,4 0x80 ebx,0 eax,1 0x80

data section the string to print, 10=cr "$" means "here" len is a value, not an address

main:

; code section ; make label available to linker ; standard gcc entry point ; ; ; ; ; arg3, length of string to print arg2, pointer to string arg1, where to write, screen write sysout command to int 80 hex interrupt 80 hex, call kernel

; exit code, 0=normal ; exit command to kernel ; interrupt 80 hex, call kernel

printf1.asm basic calling printf

This program demonstrates basic use of "C" library function printf. The equivalent "C" code is shown as comments in the assembly language. ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; printf1.asm Assemble: Link: Run: Output: print an integer from storage and from a register nasm -f elf -l printf.lst printf1.asm gcc -o printf1 printf1.o printf1 a=5, eax=7

Equivalent C code /* printf1.c print an int and an expression */ #include int main() { int a=5; printf("a=%d, eax=%d\n", a, a+2); return 0; }

; Declare some external functions ; extern printf ; the C function, to be called SECTION .data fmt: ; Data section, initialized variables

a: dd 5 ; int a=5; db "a=%d, eax=%d", 10, 0 ; The printf format, "\n",'0'

SECTION .text global main main: push mov mov add push push push call add mov pop mov ret ebp ebp,esp eax, [a] eax, 2 eax dword [a] dword fmt printf esp, 12 esp, ebp ebp eax,0

; Code section. ; the standard gcc entry point ; the program label for the entry point ; set up stack frame ; ; ; ; ; ; put a from store into register a+2 value of a+2 value of variable a address of ctrl string Call C function ; pop stack 3 push times 4 bytes

; takedown stack frame ; same as "leave" op ; normal, no error, return value ; return

printf2.asm more types with printf

This program demonstrates basic use of "C" library function printf. The equivalent "C" code is shown as comments in the assembly language. ; printf2.asm use "C" printf on char, string, int, double ; ; Assemble: nasm -f elf -l printf2.lst printf2.asm ; Link: gcc -o printf2 printf2.o ; Run: printf2 ; Output: ;Hello world: a string of length 7 1234567 6789ABCD 5.327000e-30 -1.234568E+302 ; ; A similar "C" program ; #include ; int main() ; { ; char char1='a'; /* sample character */ ; char str1[]="string"; /* sample string */ ; int int1=1234567; /* sample integer */ ; int hex1=0x6789ABCD; /* sample hexadecimal */ ; float flt1=5.327e-30; /* sample float */ ; double flt2=-123.4e300; /* sample double */ ; ; printf("Hello world: %c %s %d %X %e %E \n", /* format string for printf */ ; char1, str1, int1, hex1, flt1, flt2); ; return 0; ; } extern printf SECTION .data msg: ; the C function to be called ; Data section

db "Hello world: %c %s of length %d %d %X %e %E",10,0 ; format string for printf char1: db 'a' ; a character str1: db "string",0 ; a C string, "string" needs 0 len: equ $-str1 ; len has value, not an address inta1: dd 1234567 ; integer 1234567 hex1: dd 0x6789ABCD ; hex constant flt1: dd 5.327e-30 ; 32-bit floating point flt2: dq -123.456789e300 ; 64-bit floating point

SECTION .bss flttmp: resq 1 SECTION .text global main main: fld fstp push push push push push push push push push push call add mov ret dword [flt1] qword [flttmp] dword [flt2+4] dword [flt2] dword [flttmp+4] dword [flttmp] dword [hex1] dword [inta1] dword len dword str1 dword [char1] dword msg printf esp, 40 eax, 0 ; 64-bit temporary for printing flt1 ; Code section. ; "C" main program ; label, start of main program ; need to convert 32-bit to 64-bit ; floating load makes 80-bit, ; store as 64-bit ; push last argument first ; 64 bit floating point (bottom) ; 64 bit floating point (top) ; 64 bit floating point (bottom) ; 64 bit floating point (top) ; hex constant ; integer data pass by value ; constant pass by value ; "string" pass by reference ; 'a' ; address of format string ; Call C function ; pop stack 10*4 bytes ; exit code, 0=normal ; main returns to operating system

intarith.asm simple integer arithmetic

This program demonstrates basic integer arithmetic add, subtract, multiply and divide. The equivalent "C" code is shown as comments in the assembly language. ; intarith.asm show some simple C code and corresponding nasm code ; the nasm code is one sample, not unique ; ; compile: nasm -f elf -l intarith.lst intarith.asm ; link: gcc -o intarith intarith.o ; run: intarith ; ; the output from running intarith.asm and intarith.c is: ; c=5 , a=3, b=4, c=5 ; c=a+b, a=3, b=4, c=7 ; c=a-b, a=3, b=4, c=-1 ; c=a*b, a=3, b=4, c=12 ; c=c/a, a=3, b=4, c=4 ; ;The file intarith.c is: ; /* intarith.c */ ; #include ; int main() ; { ; int a=3, b=4, c; ; ; c=5; ; printf("%s, a=%d, b=%d, c=%d\n","c=5 ", a, b, c); ; c=a+b; ; printf("%s, a=%d, b=%d, c=%d\n","c=a+b", a, b, c); ; c=a-b; ; printf("%s, a=%d, b=%d, c=%d\n","c=a-b", a, b, c); ; c=a*b; ; printf("%s, a=%d, b=%d, c=%d\n","c=a*b", a, b, c);

; ; ; ; }

c=c/a; printf("%s, a=%d, b=%d, c=%d\n","c=c/a", a, b, c); return 0; extern printf ; the C function to be called ; a "simple" print macro ; %1 is first actual in macro call ; ; ; ; ; push onto stack backwards int c int b int a users string ; address of format string ; Call C function ; pop stack 5*4 bytes

%macro pabc 1 section .data .str db %1,0 section .text push push push push push call add %endmacro a: b: fmt: c: dword [c] dword [b] dword [a] dword .str dword fmt printf esp,20

section .data ; preset constants, writeable dd 3 ; 32-bit variable a initialized to 3 dd 4 ; 32-bit variable b initializes to 4 db "%s, a=%d, b=%d, c=%d",10,0; format string for printf section .bss resd 1 section .text global main ; unitialized space ; reserve a 32-bit word ; instructions, code segment ; for gcc standard linking ; label ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; c=5; 5 is a literal constant store into c invoke the print macro c=a+b; load a add b store into c invoke the print macro c=a-b; load a subtract b store into c invoke the print macro c=a*b; load a (must be eax for multiply) signed integer multiply by b store bottom half of product into c invoke the print macro c=c/a; load c load upper half of dividend with zero divide double register edx eax by a store quotient into c invoke the print macro

main: lit5:

mov mov pabc addb: mov add mov pabc mov sub mov pabc mov imul mov pabc mov mov idiv mov pabc mov ret

eax,5 [c],eax "c=5 " eax,[a] eax,[b] [c],eax "c=a+b" eax,[a] eax,[b] [c],eax "c=a-b" eax,[a] dword [b] [c],eax "c=a*b" eax,[c] edx,0 dword [a] [c],eax "c=c/a" eax,0

subb:

mulb:

diva:

; exit code, 0=normal ; main return to operating system

fltarith.asm simple floating point arithmetic

This program demonstrates basic floating point add, subtract, multiply and divide. The equivalent "C" code is shown as comments in the assembly language. ; fltarith.asm show some simple C code and corresponding nasm code ; the nasm code is one sample, not unique ; ; compile nasm -f elf -l fltarith.lst fltarith.asm ; link gcc -o fltarith fltarith.o ; run fltarith ; ; the output from running fltarith and fltarithc is: ; c=5.0, a=3.000000e+00, b=4.000000e+00, c=5.000000e+00 ; c=a+b, a=3.000000e+00, b=4.000000e+00, c=7.000000e+00 ; c=a-b, a=3.000000e+00, b=4.000000e+00, c=-1.000000e+00 ; c=a*b, a=3.000000e+00, b=4.000000e+00, c=1.200000e+01 ; c=c/a, a=3.000000e+00, b=4.000000e+00, c=4.000000e+00 ; ;The file fltarith.c is: ; #include ; int main() ; { ; double a=3.0, b=4.0, c; ; ; c=5.0; ; printf("%s, a=%e, b=%e, c=%e\n","c=5.0", a, b, c); ; c=a+b; ; printf("%s, a=%e, b=%e, c=%e\n","c=a+b", a, b, c); ; c=a-b; ; printf("%s, a=%e, b=%e, c=%e\n","c=a-b", a, b, c); ; c=a*b; ; printf("%s, a=%e, b=%e, c=%e\n","c=a*b", a, b, c); ; c=c/a; ; printf("%s, a=%e, b=%e, c=%e\n","c=c/a", a, b, c); ; return 0; ; } extern printf %macro pabc 1 section .data .str db %1,0 section .text push push push push push push push push call add %endmacro a: b: five: fmt: dword [c+4] dword [c] dword [b+4] dword [b] dword [a+4] dword [a] dword .str dword fmt printf esp,32 ; the C function to be called ; a "simple" print macro ; %1 is macro call first actual parameter ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; push onto stack backwards double c (bottom) double c double b (bottom) double b double a (bottom) double a users string ; address of format string ; Call C function ; pop stack 8*4 bytes

section .data ; preset constants, writeable dq 3.333333333 ; 64-bit variable a initialized to 3.0 dq 4.444444444 ; 64-bit variable b initializes to 4.0 dq 5.0 ; constant 5.0 db "%s, a=%e, b=%e, c=%e",10,0; format string for printf

c:

section .bss resq 1 section .text global main

; unitialized space ; reserve a 64-bit word ; instructions, code segment ; for gcc standard linking ; label ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; c=5.0; 5.0 constant store into c invoke the print macro c=a+b; load a (pushed on flt pt stack, st0) floating add b (to st0) store into c (pop flt pt stack) invoke the print macro c=a-b; load a (pushed on flt pt stack, st0) floating subtract b (to st0) store into c (pop flt pt stack) invoke the print macro c=a*b; load a (pushed on flt pt stack, st0) floating multiply by b (to st0) store product into c (pop flt pt stack) invoke the print macro c=c/a; load c (pushed on flt pt stack, st0) floating divide by a (to st0) store quotient into c (pop flt pt stack) invoke the print macro

main: lit5:

fld fstp pabc addb: fld fadd fstp pabc fld fsub fstp pabc fld fmul fstp pabc fld fdiv fstp pabc mov ret

qword [five] qword [c] "c=5.0" qword [a] qword [b] qword [c] "c=a+b" qword [a] qword [b] qword [c] "c=a-b" qword [a] qword [b] qword [c] "c=a*b" qword [c] qword [a] qword [c] "c=c/a" eax,0

subb:

mulb:

diva:

; exit code, 0=normal ; main returns to operating system