Bloom's

&
8OLO
Taxonomy
Different nterrelated
Classify forms and levels of teaching and
learning
Formulate outcomes
Facilitate process of learning
Construct assessing tasks
Bloom vs 8OLO
Bloom = outcomes and questions
SOLO = indicate quality of learning =
answer
Bloom's
Taxonomy
Three Domains of
Learning {K8A}
Know how to
express
Growth in feelings or
emotional areas
Affective
(Attitudes)
Know how
Manual or physical skills Psychomotor
(Skills)
Know that Intellectual skills
Cognitive
(Knowledge)
Three K8A Domains
Categories / Levels
Least Complex
Most Complex
Knowledge
Comprehension
Application
Analysis
Synthesis
Evaluation
Least Complex
Most Complex
6 66 6
5 55 5
4 44 4
3 33 3
2 22 2
1 11 1
Levels
Categories in the
Cognitive Domain
List
Describe
Distinguish
Differentiate
Devise
Reflect
Least Complex Level
Most Complex Level
1 11 1
2 22 2
3 33 3
4 44 4
5 55 5
6 66 6
Knowledge
Thinking
Verbs associated with
cognitive performance
Least Complex
Most Complex Level
Mechanism
No assistance
Guided response Needs assistance
Complex response Perform automatically
Ready to act
Set
Behaviour
Perception
Categories in the
Psychomotor Psychomotor Psychomotor Psychomotor Domain
Modify skill Adaptation
Origination Creative skills
Demonstrate
Operate
Install
Perform
Isolate
Construct
Least Complex Level
Most Complex Level
1 11 1
2 22 2
3 33 3
4 44 4
5 55 5
6 66 6
Skills
Verbs associated with
Psychomotor Psychomotor Psychomotor Psychomotor performance
Least Complex
Most Complex Level
Responding
Active participation
Receiving Willing to hear
Valuing Value differences
Categories in the
Affective Affective Affective Affective Domain
Prioritises time Organisation
Internalising Character
Verbs associated with
affective performance
Believe
Practice
Continue to
Carry out
Characteri-
sation
Organise
Select
Judge
Decide
Identify with
Attain
Assume
Support
Participate
Continue
Reflect
Reply
Answer
Follow along
Approve
Obey
Listen to
Perceive
Be alert to
Show
tolerance of
Organisa-
tion
Valuing Respon-
ding
Receiving
Least Complex Level
Most Complex Level
Action words for learning
outcomes
Challenge
Reflect
Judge/Question
Accept
Adopt
Advocate
Accept
Bargain
Cooperate
Endorse
Justify
Persuade
Resolve
Select
Express
Approve
Choose
Demonstrate
Produce
Assemble
Install
Adjust
Operate
Detect
Arrange
Build
Isolate
Conduct
Check
Manipulate
Lay out
Perform
Sort
Construct
Reflect
Compare
Contrast
Catalogue
Classify
Evaluate
Forecast
Formulate
Investigate
Modify
Organise
Research
Translate
Differentiate
Analyse
Compute
Devise
Identify
List
Define
Describe
State
Prepare
Recall
Express
Categorize
Chart
Rank
Distinguish
Explain
Outline
Inform
Label
Specify
Attitudes Psychomotor Thinking Knowledge
8OLO Taxonomy
The 8OLO taxonomy stands
for:
Structure of
Observed
Learning
Outcomes
developed by Biggs and Collis (1982), and is well described in Biggs (1999)
Pre-
structural
Relational
Uni-
structural
Extended
abstract
Multi-
structural
5 Typical ways to answer a question
Explain why cheetahs
have spots.
Example used by Killan 2004:78
The response is irrelevant So that they are
different from lions
No attempt to answer the Q I dont know.
characteristics answer
1. 1. 1. 1. Pre Pre Pre Pre- -- -structural structural structural structural
no structure to the answer
1. 1. 1. 1. Pre Pre Pre Pre- -- -structural structural structural structural
Give no answer
Repeat what was said in class
Guesses the answer
It looks right to me
True, but with no explanation It makes them hard to see
characteristics answer
2. 2. 2. 2. Uni Uni Uni Uni- -- -structural structural structural structural
Answer focuses on just one relevant fact
2. 2. 2. 2. Uni Uni Uni Uni- -- -structural structural structural structural
Gives a simple correct answer
Based on a quick decision
No explanation provided
True, but with no
explanation
The spots are formed by melanin
in the skin. The spots camouflaged
them while hunting
characteristics answer
3. 3. 3. 3. Multi Multi Multi Multi- -- -structural structural structural structural
Answer based on several relevant concrete
details
3. 3. 3. 3. Multi Multi Multi Multi- -- -structural structural structural structural
Uses two or more explanation
No integration of additional
knowledge
Biological
explanation and link
it to evolution
The spots are formed by melanin
in the skin which is a chemical
reaction during embryotic
development. The spots evolved
after mutation to camouflaged
them while hunting
characteristics answer
Answer focuses on ideas that relate all the
relevant details
4. 4. 4. 4. Relational Relational Relational Relational level
4. 4. 4. 4. Relational Relational Relational Relational level
Integrates prior knowledge
Links ideas to explain information
Extended
abstract
thought.
The spots are formed by melanin in the
skin which is a chemical reaction during
embryotic development. The spots
evolved after mutation to camouflaged
them while hunting. Stripes will not be an
advantage that is why the king cheetah
is so rare in the wild. The spots are
mathematical patterns that can be
described with partial differential
equations.
characteristics answer
Answer recognises other possibilities and
abstract principles
5. 5. 5. 5. Extended abstract xtended abstract xtended abstract xtended abstract
5. 5. 5. 5. Extended abstract xtended abstract xtended abstract xtended abstract
goes beyond what has been
taught
uses logical deductions to
frame the answer
Purpose
Label achievers
Framework - quality of learning
Get the desired answer
List, name = uni-structural answer
Describe = multi-structural answer
Analyse = relational answer
Predict or reflect = abstract answer
Benefits
Diagnostic tool - provides feedback
Assessment tool - rubric
Curriculum planning tool
Describes learning outcome
Setting standards
Guides assessment tasks