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What Exchange 2010 Database Availability Groups is all about Download a free trial! and how they may fit into your enterprise. I will also provide you with step by step instructions on how you deploy DAG in a lab environment.
Published:Apr 08, 2010 Updated:Dec 15, 2010 Section:High Availability & Recovery Author:Henrik Walther Printable Version Adjust font size: Rating:4.9/5 - 47 Votes 1 2 3 4 5
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Figure 1: Suspending a Database copy To do the same via the EMS, you can use the following command: Suspend-MailboxDatabaseCopy Identity MDB02\E14EX02 In order to resume a database copy using the EMC, you just right-click on it again and choose Resume Database Copy.
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Figure 2: Resuming a Database Copy If you rather want to resume it using the EMS, run the following command: Resume-MailboxDatabaseCopy Identity MDB02\E14EX02
Moving the Active Database Copy to another DAG Member (aka Switchover)
When you have a planned outage and need to take a DAG member that holds one or more active database copies down for maintenance, its considered best practice to manually move any active database copies (aka performing a switchover) to another DAG member in the DAG. To move an active database copy to another DAG member using the EMC is accomplished by right-clicking on the respective database(s) and selecting Move Active Mailbox Database in the context menu as shown in Figure 3.
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Figure 3: Activating a Database Copy This brings up the Activate a Database Copy wizard (Figure 4).
Figure 4: Activate Database Copy wizard Here we can see the name of the database and on which DAG member it currently is mounted. To move the database copy to another DAG member, click Browse.
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Figure 5: Selecting the server holding the database copy to be activated When you have selected the DAG member on which the databse copy should be activated, click OK. Then decide if you want to change the database mount dial settings on the target mailbox server. As you can see in Figure 6 its set to None (change nothing) by default. If you want to change the current setting (set to Best Availability by default) instead choose Lossless, Best Effort, or Best Availability.
Figure 6: Automatic database mount dial settings Heres a description of each of the available database mount dial settings: Lossless: (when selecting Lossless the database will not mount automatically until all logs generated on the active database copy has been copied to the passive database copy) Good Availability: (when selecting Good Availability, the database will mount automatically as long as you have a copy queue length less than or equal to 6. If the copy queue holds more than 6 log files, the database will not mount) Best Effort: (with Best Effort the database will mount no matter the copy queue length. Be careful with this setting as you could loose a lot of mailbox data!) Best Availability: (with Best Availbility the database will mount automatically as long as the copy queue length is less than or equal to 12. If the copy queue length is more than 12, the database will not be able to mount)
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Unless theres a specific reason to chose another database mount dial override than the setting currently configured, leave this option at None. When you are ready to activate the database copy in the target mailbox server specified, click Move. To activiate a database copy using the EMS, we can use the following command: Move-ActiveMailboxDatabase MDB01 -ActivateOnServer E14EX02 MountDialOverride:None
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Figure 7: Suspending the Database Copy You will now be presented with a dialog box where you can enter a comment on why replication for the database copy is being suspended.
Figure 8: Dialog box for optional comment When suspended, right-click on the database copy once again and select Update Database Copy.
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Figure 9: Selecting update Database copy in the context menu The Update Database Copy wizard will now appear (Figure 10).
Figure 10: Update database copy wizard As you can see we have several options in this wizard. We have the option of specifying the source server that should be used for seeding. This is a really cool feature since you are no longer limited to seeding from an active database copy as was the case in with Exchange 2007 LCR/CCR/SCR.
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Figure 11: Selecting source seeding server We can also choose the behavior when files exist in the target path. In addition, we can specify whether replication to this database copy should be resumes or whether it should be leaved suspended. Lastly, we can select which DAG network should be used to seed the database copy. Again a great feature, which although it was an option in Exchange 2007 SP1, was very cumbersome.
Figure 12: Selecting DAG network used for seeding database copy When you have chosen your settings, click Update in order to seed the database copy. When the seeding has completed, click Finish.
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Figure 13: Seeding process completed successfully If you rather want to use the EMS to seed a database copy, the above could be accomplished by first suspending replication with: Suspend-MailboxDatabaseCopy Identity MDB02\E14EX02
Figure 14: Suspending a database copy via the Exchange Management Shell Then run the following command to re-seed the database copy: Update-MailboxDatabaseCopy -Identity MDB02\E14EX02
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Figure 15: Seeding a database copy via the Exchange Management Shell
Figure 16: Checking Replication port settings for a DAG To change the port used we must use Exchange Management Shell (EMS) as this option isnt included in the Exchange Management Console (EMC). Since this
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Figure 17: Checking new Replication port settings for a DAG Now when updating a database copy, we can see that TCP/7580 is used (below I ran Netstat an while the database copy were updated.
Figure 18: Checking the new replication port is used (by running Netstat -an)
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Figure 19: Checking Network Compression settings for a DAG The available values are: Disabled (disabled on all networks) Enabled (enabled on all networks) InterSubnetOnly (enabled for inter-subnet communication only) SeedOnly (enabled only for seeding)
If we for instance want to enable network compression for log file copying and seeding on all networks in a DAG in our lab environment, we would use the following command: Set-DatabaseAvailabilityGroup DAG1 -NetworkCompression Enabled
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Figure 20: Checking new Network Compression settings for a DAG With compression enabled for log file seeding and replication, you can expect around 30% compression ratio. As you can see, theres really no reason why you should disable network compression unless you for instance use a 3rd party WAN/network optimizer that doesnt support DAG network compression.
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Figure 21: Checking Network Encryption settings for a DAG If you want to change the network encryption settings, you can use the SetDatabaseAvailabilityGroupcmdlet. For instance, if you wanted to enable encryption for log copying and seeding on all networks, you would use the following command: Set-DatabaseAvailabilityGroup -identity DAG1 -NetworkEncryption Enabled
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Figure 23: Default Replay and Truncation Lag time setting for a Mailbox database The purpose with replay and truncation lag time in Exchange 2010 is pretty much the same as with SCR in Exchange 2007 SP1 that is to protect against database logical corruption and store logical corruption. Whats interesting and new with Exchange 2010 is you now can use lagged database copies in combination with legal hold etc. I wont dive further into lagged database copies in this multi-part article. Instead Ill cover this topic in a future articles here on MSExchange.org.
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There are situations where you might want to block a passive database copy (or even server) in a DAG from being changed activated (changed to the active database copy). Good thing is the Exchange Product group thought about this kind of scenario. You can do exactly that using a so called activation policy. Its not possible to use the EMC to set this, but using the EMS, you can use the SuspendMailboxDatabaseCopy cmdlet for this purpose. Yes correct, this cmdlet is typically used for suspending replication for a database copy, but when run with a special ActivationOnly parameter, you can block a database copy from being changed to the active database copy during a failover. For instance, if we want to block MDB01 on E14EX02 from ever being activated during a failover, we can use the following command: Suspend-MailboxDatabaseCopy Identity MDB01\E14EX02 -ActivationOnly
Figure 24: Blocking a database copy from being activated Notice this does not suspend replication for the database copy and thereby result in, an over time, huge copy queue. Only the database copy is being block from activation.
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Figure 25: Replication not suspended when using Suspend-MailboxDatabaseCopy with the ActivationOnly parameter When this cmdlet is run with the ActivationOnly parameter, the database copy cannot be activated until the following command is run: Resume-MailboxDatabaseCopy Identity MDB01\E14EX02
Figure 26: Unblocking a database copy from being activated Ok so what if I wish to block all databases on a DAG member server? Will I then need to run the above command on all database copies on the particular server? Luckily not. We have a similar command that works on the server level. If oyu want to block a DAG member instead use the Set-MailboxServer with the DatabaseCopyAutoActivationPolicy Blocked parameter. For instance if I wanted to block DAG member E14EX02 from having database copies activated, I would use the following command: Set-MailboxServer Identity E14EX02 - DatabaseCopyAutoActivationPolicy Blocked
Figure 27: Blocking a DAG member from being activated To allow database copies to be activated again, I would replace Blocked with Unrestricted: Set-MailboxServer Identity E14EX02 - DatabaseCopyAutoActivationPolicy Unrestricted
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Tariq Samsudeen Works at Fortune Promoseven Very clear. Amazing piece of info. Reply Like 4 March at 18:51
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Henrik Walther is a respected writer with special focus on Microsoft Exchange and Office 365/BPOS (Exchange Online) solutions within the unified communications area. Prior to joining Microsoft, he was an eight year Exchange MVP and back in 2006 he took the Microsoft Certified Master: Exchange certification. Click here for Henrik Walther's section.
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