Beyond the Plaque: What happens after LEED Certification?

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We shape our buildings and afterwards our buildings shape us

Winston Churchill 1943

In other words, the occupants adapt to the building

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In reality, the stakeholders also adapt the building to their needs..

Occupants Owner Maintenance Facility Manager

Tenants

Housekeeping Vendors

Visitors

Facility operators

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Learning Objectives:
Understand how buildings are affected by occupancy, operation and maintenance Understand the physical infrastructures and communication required to enable ongoing monitoring and adjustments to building systems Identify the education and tools required so stakeholders can effectively use the building

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Panel:
Walter E. Henry, P.E., Director of Engineering
MIT, Department of Facilities

Christina Erickson, Sustainability Director

Champlain College, Burlington, Vermont

Carl Ian Graham, PE

Viridian Energy and Environmental

Susan Pranger, AIA, LEED AP BD+C

Chair, Boston Landmark Commission Adjunct Faculty, Boston Architectural College

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Case Studies:
New Residential Village
Case Western Reserve University Cleveland, Ohio

Perry Hall Welcome Center

Champlain College Burlington, Vermont

Sloan School of Business

Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge, Massachusetts

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Questions for Panel:

Were the design criteria used by the Architects, Engineers and Owners regarding the occupants and operations accurate? Which LEED/sustainability features affect occupant comfort and satisfaction? How are sustainability features affected by the actions (or lack of actions) of occupants, maintenance and facilities operation? How were issues identified and resolved?

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Village at 115th:
Case Western Reserve University 420,000 s.f. of new construction 740 beds in Apartment style units 3 LEED certified buildings 2 Silver and 1 Gold

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Village at 115th:
Case Western Reserve University Administration, Faculty, Students, and Facilities were all committed to sustainable design. Facility management and staff participated in design decisions and are actively involved in monitoring operation and energy use post occupancy. Students participate through real time, web based monitoring of energy and water use.

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Village at 115th:
Case Western Reserve University 24 hour occupancy HVAC - Students have some control
Central Apartment Thermostat with +/- 2F adjustment; AND Local Adjustable supply registers in each room

Lighting Occupancy sensor control

Public areas - Bathrooms, halls, stairs; AND Apartments Bathrooms

LEED calculations are not equal to actual performance

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Village at 115th:
Case Western Reserve University
Issue: Student complained of cold rooms Investigation: Room temperature monitored Systems found to work as expected Cx Agent identified during construction potential problem Supply air may blow on some thermostat Students from warmer climates had different comfort levels Resolution: Relocated problem thermostats Students began adjusting supply registers in rooms

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Village at 115th:
Case Western Reserve University
Issue: Students complained of fan noise at night Facilities noted high electrical use Investigation: Apartment fan operated continuously to distribute ventilation air Resolution: Fan sequence reprogrammed to cycle in response to heating/cooling demand Positive student response 15 % reduction in electrical use

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Village at 115th:
Case Western Reserve University
Issue: Motion sensors turned off bathroom lights during long showers. Investigation Students started disabling sensors ... even published instructions in the school paper and posted on line Resolution Facility staff reset timers to maximum sensitivity and maximum delay Negligible increase in overall energy use

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Village at 115th:
Case Western Reserve University
Issue: Energy use by Quartz halogen lights in House living rooms Investigation Fixture type required for daylighting system LED options were not viable option during design Resolution Facilities plan to upgrade lamps/fixtures to LED

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Village at 115th:
Case Western Reserve University
Overall Results: Energy use in other campus residences: (steam heat, no air conditioning) 120,000 BTU/SF/year

Energy use in Village before owner modifications: 82,000 BTU/SF/year (steam to hot water, air conditioning, full kitchens) Energy use in Village after modifications: 70,000 BTU/SF/year

THATS 42% LESS including A/C!

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Perry Hall Welcome Center

Champlain College Consolidated Student Services & Admissions Restoration and adaptation of historic 1850 home State of the art addition and building systems LEED Platinum

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Perry Hall Welcome Center

Champlain College College is committed to sustainability and innovation. Experienced Facilities staff were skeptical of new systems, but willing to learn. Shift in operation from private offices to One stop service counter and open office areas, initiated by Administration.

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Perry Hall Welcome Center

Champlain College
Issue: Operational organization of student services was adjusted after occupancy Investigation: Open offices and flexible modular workstations simplified relocation of personnel within the building Resolution: Personnel were reorganized and relocated without rebuilding

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Perry Hall Welcome Center

Champlain College
Issue: Occupants were unfamiliar with open office setting, contributing to dissatisfaction with lighting and heating controls. Investigation: Management actively engaged and educated occupants and involved them in adjustments to building systems. Resolution: Increased sense of ownership and pride

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Perry Hall Welcome Center

Champlain College
Issue: Owner programmed 7 degree setback Offices were cold in the morning Investigation Systems sized for actual loads, not for setback Geothermal/heat pump system did not recover quickly from night time setback Energy modeling indicated minimal energy was required to maintain temperature due to tight building envelope Resolution: Reduced set back to 2 degrees, saved energy and improved comfort

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Perry Hall Welcome Center

Champlain College

Overall results

LEED Baseline: 411,070 kWh Proposed Energy Model: 141,442 kWh Energy Star Baseline Proposed Total Building consumption

= $71,497 = $25,576 (36%) 1403 482 MMbtu MMbu (66%)

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Sloan School of Management

Massachusetts Institute of Technology 200 offices, classrooms and space for group study and other activities for the School of Management 217,000 GSF LEED GOLD

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Sloan School of Management

Massachusetts Institute of Technology

Diagram courtesy of Brunner Cott

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Sloan School of Management

Massachusetts Institute of Technology Strong administrative, faculty and student interest Adoption of integrated systems design for new high performance facility Director of Capital Projects and Associate Dean of Sloan School met monthly to monitor progress Commitment by Capital Project to manage building for one year after occupancy

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Sloan School of Management

Massachusetts Institute of Technology MIT set aggressive, measurable goals for energy management and sustainability, independent of LEED criteria Base loads based on realistic projections rather than rules of thumb Designed for 24/7 operation Setbacks based on time clock or occupancy with occupant overrides

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Sloan School of Management

Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Issue: Seasonal variations New combinations and new technology Investigation: Keep users informed Solicit feedback Continuity of Owners Project Engineer through design, construction and first year of occupancy Results Occupants provided timely feedback rather than complaints Familiarity with design intent and construction allowed Operators to make timely and appropriate adjustments

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Sloan School of Management

Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Issue: Coordination of lights and shades Variety of needs and preferences for daylight and lighting levels Coordination of user override, time clocks, default settings, vacancy sensors Investigation Education and participation of users Response: Balance of occupant control and energy saving settings

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Sloan School of Management

Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Overall Results 1000 s.f./ton cooling vs. 400 s.f./ton typical 2.5 watts/s.f. vs. 5 to 6 for typical office Twice as efficient as many MIT buildings

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Conclusions: It is all about communication

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In house communication
Occupants Facility Manager

Tenants

Facility operators

Visitors

Owner

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Out of house communication

Occupants A/E Team Tenants Commissioning Agent Contractor Visitors Vendors Build Boston 2011
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Facility Manager

Facility operators

Owner

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and communication tools

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Lessons Learned:
Involve the Owners team early and often
Dont underestimate the Owner & occupants Keep the occupants informed - solicit feedback and participation

Monitor systems
Expect to tweak the systems after occupancy

Plan for the unexpected Take advantage of advancements in technology

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Lessons Learned: HVAC/Controls

Understand limitations
Limits of energy model to compare but not predict energy loads Capability and interest of owner/operators Understand intent and limitations of HVAC systems Limits of comfort range typically accommodates 80% of occupants

Programmable system controls facilitate quick analysis and response, flexibility, and additional energy savings Involve operators through design and construction Involve A/E team & Commissioning agents during 1 yr startup/warranty period

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Lessons Learned: Lighting Controls

Understand occupancy trends and needs: Shared classrooms vs. dedicated classrooms Preferences for different light levels Room darkening Provide flexibility : Override by occupants Default to standard setting Simple settings vs. maximum flexibility

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Q&A

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Follow up:
Walter E. Henry, P.E., Director of Engineering MIT, Department of Facilities whenry@plant.mit.edu

Christina Erickson, Sustainability Director

Champlain College, Burlington, Vermont cerickson@champlain.edu Carl Ian Graham, PE Viridian Energy and Environmental cigraham@viridianee.com Susan Pranger, AIA, LEED AP BD+C susan.d.pranger@gmail.com

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Photo credits
Anton Grassl/Esto, courtesy of Goody Clancy
Page 6 (top) Pages 11, 12, 13, 14 Pages 17, 18, 19 North Residential Village, Case Western North Residential Village Perry Hall, Champlain College

Chris Payne, courtesy of Goody Clancy

Page 6 (center) Pages 16, 20 Perry Hall, Champlain College Perry Hall

Alan Karchmer, courtesy of Brunner/Cott

Page 6 (bottom) Pages 22, 25, 27, 28 Sloan School of Management, MIT Sloan School of Management

Kathleen Landwehrle, courtesy of Champlain College

Pages 30, 36 Perry Hall

Steve Mease, courtesy of Champlain College

Page 29 Perry Hall

Courtesy of Case Western Reserve University

Pages 8, 15 North Residential Village

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Fact Sheet: North Residential Village

Owner: Case Western Reserve University Cleveland, Ohio Architect: Goody Clancy Architects Boston, Massachusetts Consultants: Structural: Zaldestani Associates, Boston, MA MEP: Bard, Roa +Athanas; Boston, MA Civil: Neff Associates; Parma Heights, OH Lighting: Lam Partners, Inc; Cambridge, MA Sustainability: Buro Happold, Inc; New York, NY Sustainability: Viridian Energy + Environmental; CT Commissioning Agent: H.P. Lenz Construction Manager: Whiting Turner

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Fact Sheet: Sloan School

Owner: Design Architect: Massachusetts Institute of Technology Moore Ruble Yudell, Architects & Planners Santa Monica, CA 90405 Architect of record: Bruner Cott Cambridge, MA Consultants: Landscape: Halvorson Design Partnership Structural: LeMessurier Consultants MEP: vanZelm Heywood & Shadford, Inc. Civil: Nitsch Engineering Lighting: Benya Lighting Sustainability Consultant: Energysmiths Commissioning Agent: Environmental Health & Engineering Contractor: Walsh Brothers, Inc

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Fact Sheet: Perry Hall

Owner: Champlain College Burlington, Vermont Architect: Goody Clancy Architects Boston, Massachusetts Consultants: Landscape: Structural: MEP: Civil: Lighting: Sustainability: Commissioning:

ORW White River Junction, VT Engineering Ventures; Burlington, VT LN Consulting; Winooski, VT Engineering Ventures; Burlington, VT Collaborative Lighting, Boston, MA Second Law; Winooski, VT CX Associates; Burlington, VT

Contractor: Engelberth Construction Inc

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