Wolf Eagle Environmental

"Advancing

Indusrrv while Protecting Ihe Environment"

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~JIf.o_

Limited Ambient Air and Water Baseline Study March 2010

Report Prepared for: Ms. Margaret Neale Denton Community Organizer 731 Hillcrest Denton, Texas

Prepared by:

Alisa Rich, MPH, PhD (ABD) President Wolf Eagle Environmental PO Box 270541 Flower Mound, TX 75027

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Wolf Eagle Environmental

"Advancing Industry while Protecting the Environment"

Limited Ambient Air Baseline Study 1.0 Executive Summary Wolf Eagle Environmental (IIWolf Eagle") was retained by Ms. Margaret Neale and the residents of in Denton, Texas. This report is a summary of the work

Denton County (IIClient") to perform a Limited Ambient Air Baseline Study and Water Baseline Study in the area of Rayzor Ranch Development performed by Wolf Eagle in accordance with the authorized proposal and limited scope of work. The

purpose of the study was to characterize the ambient air and water quality present in the area. Evaluation of ambient air quality was performed on four separate occasions. The first test was performed on December 13, 2009 and included one (1) sample at one (1) location on nearby private This sample was conducted as a 24-hour sample. The The third test was performed on February on February on February 5, 2010 and included one (1) sample at one (1) location on near the Rayzor Ranch property near the Rayzor Ranch Development. second test was performed

nearby private property near the Rayzor Ranch Development. Development.

18, 2010 and included one (1) sample at one (1) location at an intersection

This sample was conducted as a grab sample. The fourth test was performed This sample was conducted as a 24-hour sample.

18, 2010 and included one (1) sample at one (1) location on nearby private property near the Rayzor Ranch Development.

Ambient air was collected as both a grab and a 24-hour sample to better characterize the existing conditions at the time of monitoring. The collected sample was then analyzed for the presence of Identified Compounds (TICs) of Methane. The concentrations Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) using EPA Method TO-14, Tentatively and Light Hydrocarbons which allows us to examine atmospheric samples taken were confirmed (ESls) for both Short-term VOCs in levels that exceed Texas Commissions on Environmental and long-term exposures.

by laboratory analysis to contain numerous carcinogenic and neurotoxic Quality (TCEQ) Effects Screening levels

According to the TCEQ, "Effects Screening levels are used to evaluate the potential for effects to occur as a result of exposure to concentrations health effects, odor/nuisance "Short-term" of constituents in the air. ESls are based on data concerning ESls are characterized as either indicating exposure has been potential, and effects on vegetation".

indicating a 1-hour average exposure period, or "Long-term"

evaluated on an annual averaging period. (http://www.tceq.state.tx.us/implementation/tox). Evaluation of existing underground water conditions were performed utilizing Client's natural spring fed

well. Evaluation of water quality included comprehensive

laboratory analysis for BTEX and MTBE by

Aqueous 8021, RCRA Heavy Metal by EPA 6020, Mercury, Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons (TPH) by Texas 1005, Chemical Oxygen Demand (EPA 41O.4), pH by EPA 9040 and Total Dissolved Solids by EPA 160.1.

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Key Findings Air Analysis Based on the laboratory results from a certified, independent laboratory, Wolf Eagle has identified Many, but not all and/ or

carcinogenic and neurotoxic compounds present, on the specific dates of monitoring. of the compounds were found in concentrations Long-term exposure. atmospheric

that exceeded TCEQ ESLsfor either Short-term, that exceed similar

Several of the tests found Methane in concentrations and are representative and mining are actively occurring.

conditions in similar urban environments

of levels seen in areas

where natural gas production

While TCEQ has no ESLsor protective

levels for Methane to compare the laboratory findings to, the levels were in excess of what is normally identified in regions that do not have natural gas operations.

The samples collected represent ambient air conditions at the time of sampling only. Samples collected at other times may reveal different results due to meteorological identified conditions, or additional development changes in region due to further land development Generally, fugitive emission concentrations than fugitive emission concentrations nature of volatile organic compounds. Water Analysis Based on laboratory results from a certified, independent laboratory, Wolf Eagle has confirmed no or additional oil and/or natural gas operations. in the cooler weather (winter months) are lower

in the warmer weather (summer months) due to the intrinsic

volatile organic compounds, compounds of hydrocarbons or heavy metals in water analyzed. Total Hardness and Total Dissolved Solids as well as Chemical Oxygen Demand were typically high but within range of limits commonly seen in the area.

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2.0 Background Information Wolf Eagle was contacted by Client to perform a Limited Ambient Air and Water Baseline Study to report current ambient air and water conditions at the time of sampling. Range Resources exploration Denton area. As purported development by the developers, "The Rayzor Ranch is a planned $850 million dollar mixed-use on 400 acres of prime North Texas real estate. The site is the former Rayzor family's between Dallas and Oklahoma City. The project is a true mixed-use development uses oriented into one Texas Heritage The purpose of the study was due to and concerns for the ambient air and water quality of the region from the Rayzor Ranch Development

and mining of natural gas operations on the Rayzor Ranch located near the

vicinity of residences, day care center, hospital, medica! clinic, assisted living facility and park in the

Hillview Ranch which features a hill with a commanding view of what will become the largest, superregional development with retail, residential, office, medical, cultural, hotel, and entertainment architecture park".

cohesive, pedestrian friendly urban village. The design will feature traditional

with hard edge buildings set into streets oriented into an urban grid. The buildings will be

connected via wide, heavily landscaped sidewalks and pedestrian linkages set around a grand central No mention of gas wells, or natural gas mining was noted on the website or master plan according to the Site Map from the Rayzor Ranch Website (See Map Section).

development

Controversy arose when the original permit request with Denton County, which included placement of wells on the northwest the site relocation. Natural gas mining in urban areas has not occurred without in drilling techniques drilling techniques. This technological deleterious considerable controversy. Recent advances corner of the development, was changed to place the mining site to the southeast corner closest to existing residences. Although residents objected Town Council supported

have allowed previously unreachable reserves to be accessed with horizontal advance coupled with a lack of information regarding the from natural gas In addition,

effect of fugitive emission on health of humans and the environment

fugitive air emissions have provided fertile ground for gas companies expand their holdings. few communities

have current ordinances or the knowledge or legal guidance with oil and gas statutes stations and tank farms in areas where existing Denton County has had drilling in rural areas but

to challenge the placement of gas wells/compressor Council members fear will bankrupt the small towns.

residents live. When challenged gas companies are quick to threaten costly suits that residents and has not experienced urban drilling affecting residents before the Rayzor Ranch development. Major concerns for urban drilling include noise nuisance, odor complaints, devaluation of property values, unsightly appearance, water and soil pollution, and human health complaints. human health impacts after short-term impairment gas facilities include: headaches, dizziness, and difficulty to advance cases in neurological impairment, Many reports of and long-term exposure to fugitive air emissions from natural in breathing, respiratory impacts, vision stroke, paralysis, asphyxiation and blood

disorders (leukemia, lymphoma). An attached summary of chemicals and their known impact to human health is attached to this report for perusal.

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2.0 Weather Conditions Test 1 - December 13, 2009 Weather conditions for December 13, 2009, were confirmed at Denton Municipal Airport (03991). Sky conditions were reported as overcast clearing in the evening hours (1153 to 2353 hours). Temperature was reported as a low of 46 degrees Fahrenheit to a high of 50 degrees Fahrenheit. reported from the south/southeast Winds were with an average wind speed of 8 miles per hour. No wind gusts

were noted. Visibility was less than a mile on average and humidity ranged from 54-100%. Test 2 - February 5, 2010 Weather conditions for February 5,2010 were confirmed at Denton Municipal Airport (03991). Sky conditions were reported as overcast clearing in the late evening hours. Temperature low of 34 degrees Fahrenheit to a high of 43 degrees Fahrenheit. west/northwest and north/northwest to 22 miles per hour were noted in the afternoon hour and humidity ranging from 51-93%. Test 3 and 4 - February 18, 2010 Weather conditions for February
, '\

was reported as a

Winds were reported from the

with an average wind speed of 10 miles per hour. Wind gust up (1253 and 1553 hours). Visibility was 10 miles per

is";

2030 were confirmed at Denton Municipal Airport (03991). Sky

conditions were reported as clear with a low of 24 degrees Fahrenheit to a high of 32 degrees Fahrenheit. Winds were reported from the north in early morning hours (0253 - 0753) changing wind Average wind speed was approximate 10 miles per and evening hours (10-23 mph). Wind gust up to 23 miles direction later in the day from the south/southeast. hour with wind speed increasing in afternoon per hour were noted early afternoon ranging from 30 - 92%. 3.0 Ambient Air Testing To date, four (4) ambient air sampling tests have been performed near the Rayzor Ranch development. sample. The

(1353-1453 hours). Visibility was 10.0 miles per hour and humidity

The first test was performed on December 13, 2009, and consisted of a 24-hour monitoring second test was performed on February 5, 2010, and consisted of a 24-hour monitoring third and fourth test was performed hour monitoring sample. On all occasions, weather was not optimal for characterization

sample. The of volatile

on February 18, 2010 and consisted of both a grab sample and a 24-

organic compounds but typical given the time of year the sampling was conducted. Wolf Eagle performed whole air emissions sampling for Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs), Tentatively Identified Compounds and Light Hydrocarbons. Sampling procedures followed ASTM D-1357 Standard using certified sterilized evacuated pressurized

Practice for the Sampling of the Ambient Atmosphere, stainless steel Summa canisters with and without meter).

24-hour flow regulator (certified mass flow 24-hour

The canisters were obtained from a certified air testing laboratory (GD Air Testing, Inc. 551 N. The canister

Plano Parkway #429, Richardson, TX). The canisters were certified with a canister number and canister batch number from the laboratory verifying proper evacuation and pressurization.

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locations were verified by GPS coordinates.

The initial time of depressurization

(opening) was noted and

recorded on the Chain of Custody. Upon completion

of sampling, the hand valve was closed, brass cap

secured and time of closure noted. At the time of canister retrieval the canisters were inspected for damage or dents that could impact quality of sample. No dents or damage to canisters was noted. The canisters were then returned to the certified air testing laboratory in a timely fashion to insure quality of sample with proper chain of custody. A TO-14 (Toxic Organic Compound) VOC analysis for multiple volatile organic compounds, and a Tentatively Identified Compounds (TIC) analysis along with Light Hydrocarbons was ordered for the canister content analysis. 3.0 Location of Air Monitors On December 13, 2010 the location of the 24-hour sample was conducted to the northeast of the existing Range Resource natural gas mining facility located at the corner of North Bonnie Brae Road and Scripture Road at a private resident. On February 5,2010, the location of the 24-hour sample was conducted to the northeast of the existing Range Resource natural gas mining facility located at the corner of North Bonnie Brae Road and Scripture Road at a private resident. On February 18, 2010, two (2) samples were taken. The first, a grab sample was taken to the north/northeast of Range Resource natural gas mining facility at the intersection of North Bonnie Brae Road and Scripture Road. A 24-hour sample was conducted to the northeast of the existing Range Resource natural gas mining facility. Monitor location were limited due to a lack of proper access to two sides of the facility, and lack of

access agreement. 6.0 Air Laboratory Results Laboratory results from all tests identified the classic natural gas fingerprint production. associated with natural gas

In addition several of the sites has exceedences to TCEQ ESLsestimated as either ShortMany of these compounds are known carcinogenic and by U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) through due workers and animals studies. Compounds

term or Long-term including exceedences in Benzene, Carbon disulfide, Dimethyl Disulfide, Dimethyl Trisulfide, and Methyl ethyl disulfide. neurotoxic compounds as identified

diligence and review of medical studies including occupational

of Benzene, Toluene, Ethylbenzene and Xylenes which is a family of compounds commonly referred to as BTEX (Note: exceedence in only Benzene occurred although compounds of BTEX were present in several of the test locations). In addition to BTEX, Sulfide compounds were identified exceed TCEQ ESLsfor Short-term and Long-term exposure limits. Benzene in limits seen to

Results for December 13, included estimated exceedences of Benzene in Long-term exposure. is a recognized human carcinogen but less illuminated impairment to muscle function is its' capability as a neurotoxin causing

leading to a neurological disorder commonly seen in occupational

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exposure to petroleum

products called peripheral neuropathy and possibly correlated to transverse neurological disorder. Methane concentrations were not taken in the

meilitis a similar inflammatory December test. Results for the February

s". monitoring

test included fewer compounds overall and no exceedences of Methane concentrations were recorded at 2.9 ppmv

TCEQ ESLsfor either Short-term which is approximately Results for the February concentrations

or Long-term.

0.5-0.9 ppmv higher than is generally seen in this region.

is" monitoring

test included Benzene, and associated Sulfide compounds of Methane

Carbon Disulfide, Dimethyl Disulfide, Dimethyl Trisulfide, Methyl ethyl disulfide.

recorded at 3.5ppmv which is 1.0-1.5 ppmv higher than generally seen in this region. laboratory results identified the presence of fugitive air emissions from

Based on scientific probability, natural gas operations normally identified

in levels that currently exceed either TCEQ Short Term or Long Term Effects identified in ambient air levels appear to be higher than

Screening Levels. Methane concentrations in urban areas.

Although TCEQ does not currently have an ESLfor Methane, it is important

to be aware of the human

health impacts of exposure to Methane, as well as the human health effect of other fugitive chemical emissions from natural gas operations. A summary of health effects experienced by humans and sometimes first seen in animals has been outlined and attached for your perusal. 7.0 Discussion Wolf Eagle had no preconceived expectation, or purposed to discover fugitive air emissions from natural Wolf Eagle had the expectation, through rigorous

gas operations during ambient air investigations. scientific methodology at the time of testing. this study. The study performed drilling. activities.

and certified laboratory methodology,

to analyze existing ambient air conditions

It would be expected that samples collected at other times may reveal different changes and may possibly be higher or lower than results found within

results due to meteorological

in December 2009 was intended to be a baseline of ambient conditions prior to activities including heavy construction/truck traffic and bore preparation

Due to pre-drilling

activities it is conceivable that fugitive emissions from these sources were indeed captured by monitor It is not possible at the time of the release of the report to confirm the exact process that Final drilling reports have been turned in to the Texas Railroad occurred during this date monitoring.

Commission however no access is currently available on their reporting website. The study performed on February 5th was in direct response to a call from Denton. The call was loud 'roar' emanating from the drill site. Upon arrival the drill site as

directed due to an exceptionally

appeared to be in the process of venting. With the amount of force being relieved into the atmosphere it is not uncommon to see lower emissions at street level despite higher Methane concentrations compared to background levels. The principle of physics of 'heat rises' becomes a reality when working

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with hydrocarbons

escaping the earth's mantle.

In addition, the location of the monitor was not

optimum with wind conditions, The study performed

and location relative to the Range site.

on February 18 was in direct response to notice received that flaring operations Upon arrival at location flaring operations were prior to sampling. as extreme. (Flaring

were in occurrence at the Range Resource location. being performed.

Technicians from Wolf Eagle verified flaring operation

Operations verified by photos).

In addition, heat from flaring was identified

While traveling

north on Bonnie Brae with window down at speeds of 10 miles per hour extreme heat was felt in the car window as the car past the location. Given the level of concentrations for even higher concentrations months due to meteorological of VOCs identified than those identified in the December and February tests the potential in these studies could exist in the warmer summer including calmer wind in the test above may also be present in other tests

conditions more favorable to chemical volatility

conditions. Other species not specifically identified

during warmer months and may indeed exceed TCEQ ESLs. 8.0 Conclusion Air sampling confirmed the presence of carcinogenic and neurotoxin gas operations above the current TCEQ ESLSfor both Short-term were identified compounds indicative of natural Methane concentrations

and Long-term exposures in the for the region. No exceedences of

outdoor ambient air of Denton County near the Rayzor Ranch Development. as elevated above known background concentrations TCEQ ESLsfor Methane were identified or Long-term limit. 9.0 Recommendations Wolf Eagle provides the following recommendations

due to the fact that TCEQ has not developed either a Short-term

and action items for Client consideration:

Given the time of the year this study's sampling occurred, it would be expected that concentrations of chemicals in summer months may be higher than levels seen at the time of the testing (January and February). Additional testing in warmer weather is highly recommended due to the potential for higher concentrations during summer months.

To properly characterize the average annualized exposure to Denton County resident's property a dispersion modeling study can be performed meteorological conditions. by Wolf Eagle. The dispersion modeling can provide an estimate of exposure that the area may experience over a year time given varying

Given the high activity of drilling currently ongoing in the Barnett Shale and in the adjacent area to residences, Wolf Eagle encourages property owners Client to be aware of an increase of well sites, compression engines/compressor stations and any unusual condensate/produced water tank activity and to notify Wolf Eagle immediately noxious odors and any change in well waters. of any increased activity, increase in noise or

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Compressor noise and odors can be indicative of malfunctions fugitive air emissions. any and every time noise and odors exist.

of equipment

and increased

Client is encouraged to contact the TCEQ and EPA emergency numbers

Denton residents are encouraged to maintain an indoor carbon monoxide monitor easily purchased at a neighborhood working order. home improvement center and maintain the monitor in proper

If the monitor at any time sounds an alarm Client is to contact the fire and in high concentrations is known to be a human

department immediately and not try to diagnose the issue. Carbon monoxide is a fugitive emission from natural gas production asphyxiant. If residents feel the onset of unusual headaches, nausea, malaise, weakness in their extremities, or difficulty complaints, breathing, residents are encouraged to make note of the date and time of these remove yourself from the environment and immediately call TCEQ and EPA to Attached to the Report is a brief summary of adverse health effects Be advised that this is a general summary. due to exposure to

report the occurrence.

known to occur with exposure to these chemicals. chemicals.

Individuals may experience more severe or less severe complications

If any individual has an existing underlying medical conditions adverse health

complaints from exposure to fugitive chemicals may occur at lower levels than what other workers can tolerate. Underlying conditions may be considered but not exclusive to asthma,

diabetes, heart condition, or respiratory disorders. In addition, the more sensitive populations (children and the elderly) may experience symptoms sooner than the average size/age population. 10. Statement of Confidentiality This report was prepared exclusively for the use and reliance of the Client, only for the purposes stated. The content herein shall not be disseminated, authorized representative in whole or in part, without the written consent of any or of the same. The scope of this report is specific to Client and may not be for the unauthorized manipulation or unintentional. Scientific and regulatory use of this report is Wolf Eagle

suitable for other users. Wolf Eagle accepts no responsibility misuse of this report whether intentional regarded as fair use of the document reserves the right to supplement unless otherwise

mandated by Client agreement.

data as more scientific data becomes available to provide unbiased scientific documentation and analysis to

Wolf Eagle appreciates the opportunity

Client and looks forward to assisting Client in the future if needs arise. Wolf Eagle Environmental

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Chemical Health Effects from Combustion of Natural Gas at Compressor Stations By Wolf Eagle Environmental Wolf Eagle Environmental has performed numerous emission tests near gas wells sites/ compression stations in the Barnett Shale geologic formation. Many of the sites tested by Wolf Eagle Environmental were confirmed through laboratory results to contain fugitive air emissions in levels that exceed Texas Commission on Environmental Quality (TCEQ) Effects Screening Level's (ESLs). ESLs are based on data concerning health effects, odor/nuisance potential, and effects on vegetation. Many of the chemicals identified include known and suspected carcinogens, neurotoxins and reproductive toxins. They include primary compounds and their associated chemicals formed from the process of metabolism, commonly called metabolites. Benzene - CAS Number 71432 Benzene exceedences occurred in both Short-term and Long-term ESLs according to TCEQ limits. The most important toxic effect of benzene is hematopoietic toxicity. Chronic exposure to benzene has been shown to lead to bone marrow damage, initially manifesting as anemia (reduced level of oxygen carrying pigment hemoglobin in blood), leucopenia (decreased total number of white blood cells in the blood) and thrombocytopenia (reduction in the number of platelet cells in blood) often with resultant marrow aplasia (incomplete or reduced growth or development), pancytopenia that can progress to myelogenous leukemia and death. Medical research indicates and supports Acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) and Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia (ALL) strongly correlated to high benzene exposures in humans. Benzene is often seen in the common acronym ofBTEX (Benzene, Toluene, Ethylbenzene and Xylene). These compounds are some of the volatile organic compounds (VOCs) found in the oil and gas industry. Many of the BTEX chemicals were the first to be identified by EPA as "known human carcinogens" with harmful effects on the central nervous system. Toluene - CAS Number 108883 Toluene exceedences occurred in both Short-Term and Long-Term ESLs according to TCEQ limits. The Central Nervous System (CNS) is the primary target for toluene toxicity in both humans and animals. CNS depression and death have occurred at higher levels of exposure. Symptoms include drowsiness, ataxia (lack of coordination, balance and gait, limb, eye movement or speech), tremors, nystagmus (involuntary eye movements) and cerebral atrophy. Neurobehavioral effects have been observed in occupationally exposed workers. Chronic inhalation of humans to toluene causes irritation of the upper respiratory tract and eyes, sore throat, dizziness, headaches and difficulty with sleep. Although toluene is classified as a Group D chemical, carcinogenicity reproductive and developmental effects including CNS dysfunction, attention deficits, and minor craniofacial and limb anomalies along with developmental delay have been recorded.
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Xylenes - CAS Number 1330207 (m&p-) and 95476 (0-) Xylene exceedences occurred in both Short-term and Long-term ESLs according to TCEQ limits. Xylene is a member of the common acronym BTEX due to its association with the other aromatic hydrocarbons. The primary uses ofXylenes industrially are as solvents and synthetic intermediates. The toxicity of BTEX and other aromatic solvents are similar. Xylenes are absorbed readily in the lungs and GI tract and quickly distributed to tissues through blood flow. There is evidence that chronic occupational exposure to Xylenes is associated with neurological effects. The m, 0 and p isomers ofXylenes vary somewhat in their capacity to affect different organs and have been associated with kidney injury and renal carcinomas. Formaldehyde - CAS Number 50000 High concentrations of formaldehyde are identified as potential emissions at facilities and have been confirmed in exceedences of Short-Term and Long-Term TCEQ ESLs. Formaldehyde is considered a suspected human carcinogen linked to nasal and lung cancer. It is also a suspected toxicant to the gastrointestinal tract, liver, immune system, reproductive system, respiratory system, and immune system. In concentrations of 25 to 30 ppm cause severe respiratory tract injury leading to pulmonary edema and pneumonitis. Formaldehyde can be fatal in high concentrations. Carbon Dioxide - CAS Number 124389 Carbon dioxide is a major contributor to fugitive emissions from compressor stations. Although carbon dioxide is not considered a carcinogen it is considered a contributor to ozone and a major greenhouse gas (GHG) and an aphyxiant. It also has adverse health effects in higher concentrations affecting respiratory function and causes excitation followed by depression of the central nervous system. High concentrations of CO2 can displace oxygen in the air, resulting in lower oxygen concentrations for breathing. Therefore, effects of oxygen deficiency may be combined with effects of CO2 toxicity. Volunteers exposed to 7.5% C02 for 15 minutes experienced inability to breathe (dyspnea) increased pulse rate, headache, dizziness, sweating, disorientation and visual distortion. Exposure to 6% for several minutes or 30% for 20-30 seconds affected the heart as evidence by altered electrocardiograms. Concentrations greater than 10% have caused difficulty in breathing, impaired hearing, nausea, vomiting, a strangling sensation, sweating, stupor within several minutes and loss of consciousness within 15 minutes. Other Chemicals identified as fugitive air emissions from gas wells/compressor stations include: Carbon Tetrachloride - High levels of carbon tetrachloride have resulted in damage to the liver (swollen, tenderness, changes to enzyme levels and jaundice) and kidneys (nephritis, nephrosis, proteinuria) in humans. Pulmonary edema (fluid in the lungs) has been observed in human
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exposed to high levels of carbon tetrachloride but his is believed to be due to injury to the kidneys rather than direct action of carbon tetrachloride on lung tissues. Pyrene -a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) with unknown long term health effects. Acute exposure to high levels showed a decrease in the weight of the kidney and an increase in the weight of the liver as well as slight changes in the blood. A number of PAHs have caused tumors in laboratory animals that were exposed to PAHs through their food, from breathing contaminated air and when it was applied to their skin. When pregnant mice ate high doses of a PAH (benzo( a)pyrene) they experienced reproductive problems. In addition, the offspring of the pregnant mice showed birth defects and a decrease in their body weight. Effects on humans have not been confirmed by laboratory tests. Vinyl Chloride - The US Dept of Health and Human Services has determined that vinyl chloride is a known carcinogen. Brain cancer, lung cancer and some cancers of the blood may be connected with breathing vinyl chloride over long periods. Phenanthrene - a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) composed of 3 benzene rings. Phenanthrene is a toxic pollutant designated pursuant to section 307(a)(1) of the Clean Water Act and is subject to effluent limitations !Polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons [40 CFR 401.15 (7/1/87)] [366]. Fluoranthene - a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) combination of a benzene ring and Naphthalene. Fluoranthene is found in many combustion products, along with other PAHs. Its presence is an indicator of less efficient or lower-temperature combustion. Fluoranthene is one of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's 16 priority pollutant PAHs and is a carcinogen. Napththalene -_Napththalene was shown to exceed Long-term ESL according to TCEQ limits. Naphthalene (Naphthalin or antimite) is structurally composed of two benzene rings fused together. It is commonly found in mothballs and is known for its volatility and inflammable vapor. Napththalene in hydrogenated form is often used as low-volatility solvents in industrial operations. Exposure to large amounts ofNapththalene may damage or destroy red blood cells and can lead to hemolytic anemia, often seen in children who have ingested mothballs. Symptoms related to low level exposures include fatigue, lack of appetite, restlessness and pale skin. Exposure to higher levels of Naphthalene may result in nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, blood in urine and jaundice. The International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) classifies Naphthalene as potentially carcinogenic to humans and animals. Acute exposures have also been correlated to cataracts in humans. The process of compression of natural gas has the by-product of sulfides although not often illuminated. These compounds have been found to exist in geologic formations where sour gas is present. In addition, numerous fugitive air emissions tests conducted by Wolf Eagle has confirmed the presence of sulfide compounds in the Barnett Shale. These compounds
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are often seen in high concentrations and in levels which exceed TCEQ ESLs for ShortTerm and Long-Term ESLs. Many of these chemicals are known for their capacity as neurotoxicants, degradative to muscle tissue and control, and as an asphyxiant. A few of the compounds are listed below: Carbon disulfide * * - CAS Number 75150 (carbon bisulfide, Dithiocarbonic anhydride)ICarbonyl Sulfide - CAS Number 463581 Multiple exceedences in both Short-term and Long-term ESLs were identified in this study, TCEQ has identified Carbon disulfide with a double asterisk (* *) indicating the potential for disaster associated with this chemical. Carbon disulfide is used in the production of viscose rayon and cellophane, pesticides and used as a solubilizer for waxes and oils. It is a volatile colorless liquid associated with an "ether-like" odor and often combined with carbonyl sulfide in commercial use. Although it has a distinct and unpleasant odor the ESLs associated with this chemical are based on the adverse health effects rather than the noxious odor. It is highly flammable and highly reactive. At high concentrations may be life-threatening due to its central nervous system suppression. Physical signs of milder exposure may result in nerve damage to the lower-lateral leg and foot resulting in foot drags or mild limp. Dimethyl disulphide - CAS Number 624920 Dimethyl disulphide exceedences occurred in both Short-term and Long-term ESLs according to TCEQ limits. The American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) Threshold Limit Value (TLV) for Dimethyl disulphide is 0.5 ppm, 1.9 mg/m ' TW A, which is considerably lower than TCEQ limits. Health factors associated with exposure to Dimethyl disulphide include irritation of the respiratory system (nose, throat) as well as eye and skin irritation. Dimethyl disulphide is known to cause nausea and overall weakness. Vapor or air mixtures of Dimethyl disulphide above 24 C may be explosive. Methyl ethyl disulphide - CAS Number 20333395 Methyl ethyl disulphide, (methyldisulphanylethane) is known for its highly offensive odor. Although stable it is known to be highly flammable. Like Dimethyl disulphide, Methyl ethyl disuphide is a known eye and skin and respiratory irritant. Trimethyl benzene, Diethyl benzene, Methyl-methylethyl benzene, Tetramethyl benzene, 1,2,4Trimethyl benzene - CAS Numbers 25551137, 25340174, 25551137, 95932 This category of benzene isomers has numerous exceedences in both Short-term and Long-term ESLs in natural gas compression. It is an isomer in a family of aromatic hydrocarbon known for the capability as a solvent. These compounds present with an aromatic sweet odor and are known for their flammability and combustibility. They are also identified as hazardous and may contain similar adverse effects on humans as benzene. Ethyl pyridine, 2-Methyl pyridine, and Diemethyl pyridine - CAS Numbers 536787, 109068, 5453678

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Pyridine metabolite exceedences in both Short-term and Long-term ESLs were reported in this study. These compounds are simple aromatic heterocyclic organic compounds used as a solvent and reagent. It is structurally similar to benzene and has a distinctive fish-like odor. It is highly reactive and is a precursor to numerous products (herbicides, insecticides, pharmaceuticals etc). Effects of acute pyridine exposure include dizziness, headache and nausea. It is currently being evaluated as a possible carcinogenic agent by government agencies. Ethyl. methylethyl disulfide. Dimethyl trisulfide. Ethyl n-propyl disulphide Although these compounds may vary in CAS Number they can be considered metabolites of the same basic chemical with the inference for use of similar Short-term and Long-term exceedences. Laboratory results indicate a presence in levels that exceed ESL for disulfides both at Short-term and Long-term ESLs. This family of compounds is known both for its flammability and potential for offensive odor. They are known eye, skin and respiratory irritants with caution for respiratory exposures Children exposed to the same levels of chemicals as adults may receive larger doses because they have greater lung surface area body weight ratios and increased minute volumes:weight ratios. In addition, they may be exposed to higher levels than adults in the same location because of their short stature and presence nearer to the ground. Chemicals with higher specific gravity than air (carbon dioxide, formaldehyde) can also provide an increased exposure to higher concentrations.

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