OBJECT COUNTER

INDEX

Introduction Circuit Diagram Working Components Detail Cost of Components Application Future Scope Drawback Reference

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1 1 2 3-9 10 11 11 12 12

INTRODUCTION
It is very difficult to count the number objects manually because it takes a lot of time like in a manufacturing industry manual counting not only consume a lot of time but

also it leads to large number of error. The solution to overcome these difficulties is the Object counter. Object counter through the infrared is an interesting preposition. It counts the objects that are come in the path of IRLED and photo sensor. The number of intruders come in its path is displayed on Seven-Segments display. Two ICs are used. One is LM324 and second is CD4033B.

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

WORKING

In this device when light from infrared fall at Phototransistor then BCD value remain same. But when an intruder comes in its path then BCD value is increment and counts the number of intruder. Now when light falls on the Phototransistor then all the current is grounded and zero current is obtained at negative terminal of Opamp. The output from the opamp is positive. Considering the second case in which when no light falls on Phototransistor because of intruder, the base terminal of phototransistor will not get any value of supply and it remain in cut off region. Now the Opamp is getting same voltage at both of its terminal and output is zero. This output is send to the CD4033B IC that is Clock to 7 segment converter .The clock from the opamp(LM324)is send to 1st pin of CD4033B.In which when negative edge clock will come than the BCD value is increment. The seven-segment display is connected to the CD4033B IC with the help of resistance. This resistance decreases the value of voltage to 3v. On this display we can see the number of intruders coming in the path of IR LED and phototransistor. A reset pin is also use. This improves its performance. From this reset switch we can reset the value of BCD .The green LED glow only when intruder is present in the path. This is used for the purpose of proper alignment of the IRLED and phototransistor. If IRLED is not placed properly then green LED will glow. The phototransistor must be cover by any material so that sun light and any other form of light dont fall on it. Suppose Intruder will present in path of LED and phototransistor and at the same time phototransistor will be receiving the light from the surrounding source, then BCD will not be increment.

COMPONENTS USED AND ITS DETAIL

LM324 OPAMP
Feature Internally frequency compensated for unity gain Large DC voltage gain 100 dB Wide bandwidth (unity gain) 1 MHz (temperature compensated) Wide power supply range: Single supply 3V to 32V or dual supplies 1.5V to 16V Very low supply current drain (700 A)-essentially independent of supply voltage Low input biasing current 45 nA (temperature compensated) Low input offset voltage 2 mV and offset current: 5 nA Input common-mode voltage range includes ground Differential input voltage range equal to the power supply voltage Large output voltage swing 0V to V+ - 1.5V

Typical performance

4 Connected diagram

Parametric table Gain Bandwidth Channels Input OutputType 1 MHz 4 Channels Vcm to V-, Not R-R Out

CD4033B

Feature

Counter and 7-segment decoding in one 16-lead dual-in-line plastic packages Easily interfaced with 7-segment display types Fully static counter operation: DC to 6 MHz (typ.) at VDD = 10 V Ideal for low-power displays "Ripple blanking" and lamp test (CD4033B) 100% tested for quiescent current at 20 V Standardized, symmetrical output characteristics 5-V, 10-V, and 15-V parametric ratings Schmitt-triggered clock inputs Applications Decade counting 7-segment decimal display Frequency division 7-segment decimal displays Clocks, watches, timers (e.g. 60, 60, 12 counter/display) Counter/display driver for meter applications

Description CD4033B each consist of a 5-stage Johnson decade counter and an output decoder which converts the Johnson code to a 7-segment decoded output for driving one stage in a numerical display.These devices are particularly advantageous in display applications where low power dissipation and /or low package count are important. Inputs common to both types are CLOCK, RESET, & CLOCK INHIBIT; common outputs are CARRY OUT and the seven decoded outputs (a, b, c, d, e, f, g). Additional inputs and outputs for the CD4026B include DISPLAY ENABLE input and DISPLAY ENABLE and UNGATED "C-SEGMENT" outputs. Signals peculiar to the CD4033B are RIPPLE-BLANKING INPUT AND LAMP TEST INPUT and a RIPPLE-BLANKING OUTPUT. A high RESET signal clears the decade counter to its zero count. The counter is advanced one count at the positive clock signal transition if the CLOCK INHIBIT signal is low. Counter advancement via the clock line is inhibited when the CLOCK INHIBIT signal is high. The CLOCK INHIBIT signal can be used as a negative-edge clock if the clock line is held high. Antilock gating is provided on the JOHNSON counter, thus assuring proper counting sequence. The CARRY-OUT (Cout) signal completes one cycle every ten CLOCK INPUT cycles and is used to clock the succeeding decade directly in a multi-decade counting chain. The seven decoded outputs (a, b, c, d, e, f, g) illuminate the proper segments in a seven segment display device used for representing the decimal numbers 0 to 9. The 7-segment outputs go high on selection in the CD4033B 6 PIN DIAGRAM

Maximum Rating Voltage referenced to Vss Terminal Input voltage range DC Input current Operating temperature -0.5 to 20V -0.5 to Vdd +0.5V -10mA to +10mA -55 to 125 C

NPN T-1 Standard Phototransistor

Feature Wide range of collector currents. Lens for high sensitivity. Low cost plastic package. Description The LTR-4206 series consist of a NPN silicon phototransistor mounted in a lensed, clear plastic, end looking package. The lensing effect of the package allows an acceptance half angle of 10 measured from the optical axis to the half power point. This series is mechanically and spectrally matched to the LTE-4206 series of infrared emitting diodes. The LTR-4206E is a special dark plastic package that cut the visible light and suitable for the detectors of infrared application. Symbol

1. AN304 Infrared LED

Feature

Total output power=9mW No lead package Lead free soldering component

Application Electric household appliance,PC/Peripheral equipment,Other general application Maximum Rating Power Dissipation(Pd) Forward current(If) Temperature Storage(t) Reverse Voltage(Vr) 150mW 100mA -30 to 100C 5V

Seven segment display

The illustration to the right shows the basic layout of the segments in a sevensegment display. The segments themselves are identified with lower-case letters "a" through "g," with segment "a" at the top and then counting clockwise. Segment "g" is the center bar.Most seven-segment digits also include a decimal point ("dp"), and some also include an extra triangle to turn the decimal point into a comma. This improves readability of large numbers on a calculator..

Seven-segment displays can be constructed using any of a number of different technologies. The three most common methods are fluorescent displays (used in many line-powered devices such as microwave ovens and some clocks and clock radios), liquid crystal displays (used in many battery-powered devices such as watches and many digital instruments), and LEDs (used in either line-powered or battery-powered devices).

Schematic Diagram

As shown in the two schematic diagrams above, the LEDs in a seven-segment display are not isolated from each other. Rather, either all of the cathodes, or all of the anodes, are connected together into a common lead, while the other end of each LED is individually available. This means fewer electrical connections to the package, and also allows us to easily enable or disable a particular digit by controlling the common lead.

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COST OF COMPONENTS

Sr.no Components 1. CD4033B 2. LM324

Cost(in Rs.) 25 10

3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10.

Cathode Display LED Phototransistor IRLED IC Base PCB Resistance Clamper Total cost

15 1 150 5 2 25 25 p 10 250 Rs.

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APPLICATION

Count the Bottles in manufacturing industry Count the number of person enter in particular place Use for count any type of intruder.

FUTURE SCOPE
In project I only use single 7-segment display. Means we count up to 9 only. So if we wants to count more than this than add more 7 segment display. We can add more 7 segment display according to the range of counting object.

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DRAWBACK

We can only count upto 9 digits. This is cant detect the direction of intruder.

REFERENCE
1. www.efu.com 2. www.google.com 3. www.datasheetcatalog.com

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

No words are adequate enough to express my feelings of gratitude for Ms.Neelam rup parkash, head of M.E. who provided me with opportunity to undertake a practical automation system by incorporating me in project.I express sincere thanks to Ms. Neellam Rup Parkash, project guidewho helped me in choosing the project and also guided me to design the project.I am thankful to other faculty members who have been helpful in solving my problems while completing the project.

Roopinder kaur 072121(EPDT/1st Year)

CERTIFICATE It is certified that Roopinder kaur(EPDT/072121/1st Year) has submitted her project report for partial fulfillment of requirements of Master in Electronics product design technology.Under the guidance of Ms. Neelam Rup Parkash.

Ms. Neelam Rup Parkash. Project Guide