The behavioral science movement The human relations movement brought the human aspects of management back into

focus for industrialized organizations striving mightily for efficiency and productivity. The behavioral science movement is a school of management thought that stresses scientific research about human behavior to guide management practices.It was concluded that higher employee satisfaction did not always lead to increased productivity, and it was also learned that the nature of the work itself was an important element in productivity. By studying Organizational behavior ,it was found that it is the study of the effect that organization have on their members and of the effect that members have on the organization. Assessing the Behavioral Management Perspectives Behavioral management has provided some important clues about how managers and employees at all levels can work together to attain organizational goals and feel good about their personal roles. Perhaps the greatest contribution is the realization that people can make a difference ,and this perspective led to further research that has changed the way managers think about leadership ,motivation .waok teams ,and the organization as a whole. The Quantitative Management Perspective A management perspective that applies mathematical techniques statistical tools and information aids to management situations. Industrial managers in Great Britain today use quantitative management techniques to increase production efficiency and develop new markets in the iron and steel industry, in railways, in textiles, etc. Quantitative Management includes three main subfields: management science, operations management, and management information systems. Management Science A quantitative management perspective that applies mathematical models to management situations.It is also known as operations research uses approach that provides decision makers with a quantitative basis for selecting among alternatives ,especially useful in planning. Assessing the Quantitative Management perspective A study of public sector applications revealed that quantitative management isnt always an effective way to arrive a real world solution when political, technical, or timing issues confuse the situation. For example, when the New York city police department wanted to determine the most efficient use of police cars, the initial analysis did not take into account the concerns of the precinct commanders and was not successful as a result. However after the commanders were invited to participate ,they helped find a workable solution.