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Physical Constant Acceleration due to gravity on Earth Coulombs law constant Elementary charge Electron rest mass Gravitational constant Proton rest mass Speed of light in a vacuum Speed of sound in air at STP Symbol g k e me G Value 9.8 m /s/s
2 9.0 109 Nm 2 C
mp c
The Index of Refraction for Common Substances Air Alcohol Corn Oil Diamond Glass, Crown Glass, Flint Glycerol Quartz, Fused Water 1.00 1.36 1.47 2.42 1.52 1.61 1.47 1.46 1.33
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Mechanics
v = x t
Energy
W = Fx P = W = Fv t
v = velocity t = time
x = position
W = work F = force
x = position
x f = x i + vt x f = x i + vit + 1 at 2 2
a = v t
v = v + 2ax
2 f 2 i
Fg = weight g = acceleration due to gravity on Earth G = gravitational constant d = distance between centers of mass p = momentum ac = centripetal acceleration Fc = centripetal force r = radius
F= ma Fg = mg
F= Gm1m2 d2
PEs = 1 kx 2 2
m = mass h = height KE = kinetic energy k = spring constant PEs = potential energy stored in a spring
Ft = p = mv
ac = v r
2
2 Fc = mv r
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Electricity
F = kq1 q2 d2
Series Circuits
V = IR
It = I1 = I2 = I3 = ...
P = VI = I 2 R = V R
q = charge d = distance between centers V = electrical potential difference I = current R = resistance P = power
Parallel Circuits
It = I1 + I2 + I3 + ... Vt = V1 = V2 = V3 = ...
1 = 1 + 1 + 1 + ... R eq R1 R2 R3
Mathematical Formulas
Wave Phenomena
a2 + b2 = c2
a c
T = 1 f
v = f
n= c v
n1 sin 1 = n2 sin 2
sin c = n2 n1
= wavelength
n = index of refraction c = speed of light in a vacuum
n1v1 = n2v2
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Electromagnetic Spectrum
(measurement in meters) 104 103 102 101 100 10 1 10 2 10 3 10 4 10 5 10 6 10 7 10 8 10 9 10 10 10 11 10 12 10 13 Microwaves Infrared Radio waves X rays Ultraviolet Gamma rays
Shorter Wavelength
Red
Orange
Yellow Green
Blue
7.0107 6.5107
5.9107 5.7107
4.9107
NCDPI Reference Tables for Physics (October 2006) Stock No. 10571
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