Test Fifteen Section : Listening Comprehension Directions: This section is designed to test your ability to understand spoken English.

. You will hear a selection of recorded materials and you must answer the questions that accompany them. There are three parts in this section, Part A, Part B and Part C. Remember, while you are doing the test, you should first put down your answers in your test booklet, NOT on the ANSWER SHEET. At the end of the listening comprehension section, you will have 5 minutes to transfer your answers from your test booklet onto ANSWER SHEET 1. If you have any questions, you may raise your hand NOW, as you will not be allowed to speak once the test has started. Now look at Part A in your test booklet. Part A You will hear a dialogue about aerobic exercise. As you listen, answer Questions 110 by circling TRUE or FALSE. You'll hear the dialogue ONLY ONCE. 1. Aerobic exercise helps send oxygen to the brain. 2. As the heart muscle becomes stronger and more efficient, few strokes are required to transport oxygen rapidly all over the body. 3. Aerobic exercise can make people energetic. 4. The efficiency of aerobic training relies on the frequency, duration and intensity. 5. The frequency and duration of aerobic training is supposed to be three to five times a week, half an hour through one hour each time. 6. The target heart rate for a 30-year-old man should be 171 beats a minute. 7. The Karvonen Formula for heart rate reserve range is average resting heart rate subtracted from target heart rate multiply 50%. 8. Calculation of heart rate reserve range should be done for three mornings running. 9. When we determine how well we are working, we can not rely on heart rate. 10. The Karvonen Formula does not fit most people. Part B You will hear 3 conversations or talks and you must answer the questions by choosing A, B, C or D. You will hear the recording ONLY ONCE. Questions 1113 are based on the following talk. 11. Why does Kempo possess a certain air of mystery? [A] It is a unique martial art. [B] It is related to religion. [C] It was founded several centuries ago. [D] It can lead its practitioner to the enlightenment. 12. Which of the following is NOT true of Dempop? [A] Kempo is a unique art form of personal responsibility. [B] Kempo is a unique form of self-defense. [C] Kempo is a unique martial art. [D] Kempo is a unique streetwise defensive art. 13. Which of the following is NOT true of a Kempop practitioner? [A] He possess power of adaptability and yielding.

[B] He masters a comprehensive and diversified means of unarmed self-defense. [C] He is devoted to Buddhism. [D] He can centralize his mind and body. Questions 1416 are based on the following conversation. 14. How can people obtain solid shaped abs? [A] By reducing the amount of fat covering the abs. [B] By developing the underlying muscles. [C] By doing lots of sit-ups. [D] By exercising spot reduction. 15. Bending the spine in the lower back region helps to ______. [A] reduce the fat covering the middle. [B] shorten the distance between breastbone and bone at the seat. [C] reduce the fat all over the body. [D] maintain the natural arch of you lower back. 16. What is the recommended order for the ab exercises? [A] Straighten upper abs. [B] Exercise the upper abs. [C] Exercise the lower abs. [D] Twist upper abs. Questions 1720 are based on the following talk. 17. Where could most people be scooting in America these days? [A] In parks. [B] Along pedestrian walkways. [C] In the square. [D] On the streets. 18. What was the cause for the first injury case mentioned in the speech? [A] Jostling pedestrians. [B] Sharp edge of the scooter. [C] Uneven sidewalk. [D] Sharp turn. 19. The potential injuries due to scooters could be the following EXCEPT ______. [A] shock in head [B] severe cut [C] mortal wound [D] fractures 20. Apart from giving medical treatment to injured scooters, Dr. Levine and her staff are ______. [A] recording the nature of scooter injuries [B] encouraging scooters use helmets and protective gear [C] raising public awareness about potential scooter injuries [D] recommending a safer type of scooter Part C You will hear a talk on learning to ride unicycles. As you listen, you must answer Questions 21 30 by writing NO MORE THAN THREE words in the place provided for you, you'll hear the conversation TWICE. 21. Teachers can successfully carry out their teaching of riding unicycles if they ______. 22. It takes less time to learn juggling and manipulative skills than ______. 23. Substantial rewards go to those who have ______. 24. As far as the curriculum and safety procedures are concerned, teaching unicycling is identical ______. 25. Running wild in course of practice should ______.

26. What has lead some people to perceive unicycling as risky? ______. 27. Unicycling is safe if the rider can ______. 28. Unicycling is safer than riding bicycles because unicycle riders can not run their unicycles down a slope or ______. 29. What is he likely to do if a student mounts the unicycle with the pedal in the up position? ______. 30. To put the pedals in the safety position means to put one pedal in the ______. Section : Use of English Read the following text and fill each of the numbered , space with ONE suitable word. To determine the impact of television (31) daily life-authorities in the western city. (32) Kobe launched an unusual experiment last October. As in Tokyo, people in Kobe are exposed (33) unbroken strings of television programmes from about six in the morning to the early hours of the next clay. Results of the experiments have just been released, and they (34) a glimpse of modern Japanese family life. They demonstrate how much people depend (35) television for a variety of reasons, (36) news and sports reports, dramas, educational and entertainment programmes to (37) a substitute babysitter. Four of the 44 families who agreed to the experiment failed to last the one-month course. Three of them submitted because the father was (38) a TV addict or failed to find another way or passing leisure time. The other family had to abandon the (39) before the starting date because of the father's impatience. A 30-year-old mother was quoted as saying she wanted to end a daily struggle among family members to (40) favourite (41) . She also disliked dinner time being made to fit in with viewing. Another reason was the bad effect television had oil the eyes, particularly (42) children. One successful case was the family of Hitoshi Fujita, a 38-year-oht public servant, (43) put his television in a cupboard for a month and told his distraught young soil (44) the (45) was out of order. The family (46) to bed earlier, Mrs Fujita joined a choir and volleyball club, while her husband devoted time to reading books. (47) with several other successful families, the absence of television also (48) to more play and talk among the Fujitas. Some families reported that dinner times were more relaxed without the pressure of television (49) others said their childrens' eyesight had improved. On the debit side, some participants said they missed their favourite programmes, while several mothers were inconvenienced by the absence of regular television timecasts, (50) which they relied for sending their husbands to work and children to school. Section : Reading Comprehension Part A Read the following texts and answer the questions which accompany them by choosing A, B, C or D. Text 1 In Chinatown, San Francisco, before 1964, there were no juvenile, delinquency, crime, pill popping. Chinese Americans had control of their children. Since then, the Chinese have become

more affluent, their children have received more education, have enjoyed greater freedom and have begun to use narcotics. What happened? Lorus and Margery Milne in The Senses of Animals and Men may give us a clue in the following experiment with infant rats. One third of them were left in nests and never touched. Another third were carefully lifted by hand, placed into special boxes, and kept there for many minutes at a time, several times a day. The final third were hand-lifted into special boxes also and subjected to mildly painful electric shocks for several minutes several times a day. No symptoms of neurosis or other abnormal behaviour appeared among the latter two groups as they matured. Both groups were equally friendly. But the first group, when they grew up, crept timidly about or cowered in a corner, showing their anxiety by eliminating wastes at frequent intervals. And yet, at maturity, they reacted to brain surgery by becoming the most vicious rats ever observed, while the handled rats, after a similar sugrery, remained comparatively tamed. Even the shocked rats showed no antagonism to the experimenters. "Perhaps the rats answered the old question of whether to spank or not to spank," say the Milnes. But they help answer an even bigger question: Can the young get along without loveeven if it involves physical punishment? Note that physical punishment is not the main stress. Availability of parents, their attention, concern and love are all important. To blame environment, richor poor, good or bad, and to say that companions are at fault is causing a youngster to take drugs is missing the point. To say that frustrations at home or school lead youngsters to 'steep' their sorrows is also wide of the mark. What causes home frustrations and who causes the frustrations which a poor student suffers? Can you imagine that a son who worships his father or father substitute or a girl whose best friend is her mother would, either of them, do something so far from principle as to get a fix? What is the solution for the young? 51. The writer attributes drug addiction of the youngsters to ______. [A] environment [B] bad companions [C] frustration at home [D] lack of parental love and concern 52. Which of the following is not true? [A] The third group of rats became the wildest ones. [B] Juvenile delinquency in Chinatown, San Francisco began in 1964. [C] A girl whose best friend is her mother would not do anything so far from principle as to get drugs. [D] Home disappointment is not the real cause of juvenile delinquency. 53. Of the three groups of rats in experiment, which one received the painful electric shocks? [A] the first and the second group. [B] the first and the third group. [C] the second group. [D] the third group. 54. Of the following suggested tittles, the one that most accurately sums up the passage is ______. [A] The problem in Chinatown

[B] The Rat experiment [C] Who should look after the children? [D] Effects of parental training on their children 55. Of the following groups, which one behaved abnormally later? [A] The first group. [B] The second group. [C] The third group. [D] The first and the third group. Text 2 Dried food Centuries ago, man discovered that removing moisture from food helps to preserve it, and that tile easiest way to do this is to expose the food to sun and wind. In this way the North American indians produce pemmican (dried meat ground into powder and made into cakes), the Scandinavians make stockfish and the Arabs dried dates and 'apricot leather. ' All foods contain watercabbage and other leaf vegetables contain as much as 93% water, potatoes and other root vegetables 80%, lean meat 75% and fish anything from 80% to 60% depending on how fatty it is. If this water is removed, the activity of the bacteria which cause food to go bad is checked. Fruit is sun-dried in Asia Minor, Greece, Spain and other Mediterranean countries, anti also in California, South Africa anti Australia. The methods used vary, but in general, the fruit is spread out on trays in drying yards in the hot sun. In order to percent darkening, pears, peaches and apricots are exposed to the fumes of burning sulphur before drying. Plums, for making prunes, and certain varieties of grapes for making raisins and currants, are dipped in an alkaline solution in order to crack the skins of the fruit slightly and remove their wax coating, so increasing the rate of drying. Nowadays most foods are dried mechanically. The conventional method of such dehydration is to put food in chambers through which hot air is blown at temperatures of about 110 at entry to about 43 at exit. This is the usual method for drying such things as vegetables, minced meat, and fish. Liquids such as milk coffee, tea, soups and eggs may be dried by pouring them over a heated horizontal steel cylinder or by spraying them into a chamber through which a current of hot air passes. In the first case, the dried material is scraped off the roller as a thin film which is then broken up into small, though still relatively coarse flakes. In the second process it falls to the bottom of the chamber as a fine powder. Where recognizable pieces of meat and vegetables are required, as in soup, the ingredients are dried separately and then mixed. Dried foods take up less room and weigh less than the same packed in cans or frozen, and they do not need to be stored in special conditions. For these reasons they are invaluable to climbers, explorers and soldiers in battle, who have little storage space. They are also popular with housewives because it takes so little time to cook them. Usually it is just a case of replacing the dried-out moisture with boiling water. 56. Which of the following foods contains the most amount or water ______. [A] cabbage and other leaf vegetables [B] potatoes and root vegetables [C] lean meat [D] very fatty fish

57. If plums are dipped in an alkaline solution, the rate of drying will ______. [A] be reduced [B] be decreased [C] be increased [D] depend on different situation 58. The conventional method of dehydration is to ______. [A] expose food to sun [B] expose food to wind [C] dip food in an alkaline solution [D] put food in certain chambers through which a current of very hot air passes 59. Which of the following statements is not true? [A] Man found that dried foods were easy to preserve several hundred years ago. [B] Today many foods are removed moistur by machines. [C] The ingredients as in soup are dried by hand. [D] Dried foods don't take up much room. 60. We can infer from the last paragraph that ______. [A] dried foods are very popular in many fields [B] some fruits can be dried [C] dried foods ar very useful to soldiers [D] dried foods are cooked conveniently Text 3 Gone are the days when women's philanthropy referred only to sweet dears who ran the school auction or gussied up for the charity gala. This decade, women have emerged as a financially high-powered cadre, poised to give generously of their business skills and their money. By 1992, women-owned businesses employed more people than did Fortune 500 companies. In 1997, women held half of the chief executive officer positions at foundations across the United States. This year, womenincluding some who are beneficiaries of large inheritances-control slightly more than half the personal wealth in the nation, according to a study by the Federal Reserve Board. They also donate twice as much as men, according to a study by the National Science Foundation. "These days, charitable fund-raisers are learning that nobody can afford to overlook the rising influence of women", says Sharon Hadary, executive director of the National Foundation for Women Business Owners. The NFWBO revealed new research at a day-long conference at Simmons College in Boston last month that focused on women and philanthropy. More than 200 women attended, ranging from powerful corporate executives to entrepreneurs, fund-raisers, and financial advisers. Many belonged to The Committee of 200(C200), a group that requires its members to own companies with revenues in excess of $ 15 million, or manage divisions of US corporations that generate at least $100 million a year. The conference kicked off with the NFWBO's survey of C200 members, revealing that 74 percent of the women polled created their wealth on their own. Also, 84 percent make philanthropic decisions on their own, even if they are married. But regardless of whether women in the major leagues of philanthropy inherit their fortunes or earn

them, these women aren't just writing checks. They are also demanding, more influence over exactly how their donations are spent. "These savvy women, who have demonstrated business acumen, are motivated to give to organizations that support issues that they are passionate about," says Linda Paresky, chair emerita of the C200 Foundation. Indeed, 86 percent of the women polled said their philanthropic decisions are influenced not only by their passion for the cause but also by whether or not the organization is managed well. The survey also found that women are more interested in promoting causes, like education or women's health, than in having their names on buildings. Women also prefer collaborative rather than competitive fund-raising approaches. Despite playing a bigger role in philanthropy. One in 4 women surveyed believes women are still not taken as seriously as men by those seeking donations. 61. From this report we can infer that ______. [A] women have higher social status [B] Women have higher economic status [C] Women's influence is rising [D] Women have got more chances to work 62. What is the percentage of women who said that their philanthropic decisions were made by themselves? [A] 74%. [B] 84%. [C] 86%. [D] 1/4. 63. What is the committee of 2007 ______. [A] It refers to 200 women who attended a day-long conference. [B] It is a group which requires its members to possess companies with revenues in excess of 15 million. [C] It is a group which requires its members to manage divisions of US Corporations that produce at least $100 million per year. [D] Both B and C. 64. The survey made indicated that ______. [A] women lose their control over the personal wealth in the United States [B] women like to work in the companies [C] women-own companies took on more people than Fortune 500 companies did by 1992 [D] women inherit more fortunes than men 65. The surveys also found that women ______. [A] Want to know work influence over exactly how their donations are spent [B] Believe that they are still not paid as much attention to as men by those seeking donations [C] Decide to give donations influenced both by their passion and by their rationality [D] Will do all those above Part B In the following article some paragraphs have been removed for Questions 66 70. Choose the most suitable paragraph from the list AF to fit into each of the numbered gaps. There is paragraph which does not fit in any of the gaps. My Fellow Citizens My fellow citizens, it is an honor and a pleasure to be here today. My opponent has openly

admitted he feels an affinity toward your city, but I happen to like this area. It might be a salubrious place to him, but to me it is one of the nation's most delightful garden spots. When I embarked upon this political campaign I hoped that it could be conducted on a high level and that my opponent would be willing to stick to the issues. Unfortunately, he has decided to be tractable insteadto indulge in unequivocal language, to eschew the use of outright lies in his speeches, and even to make repeated veracious statements about me. 66. ______ It might be instructive to start with his background. My friends, have you ever accidentally dislodged a rock on the ground and seen what was underneath? Well, exploring my opponent's background is dissimilar. All the slime and filth and corruption you can possibly imagine, even in your wildest dreams, are glaringly nonexistent in this man's life. And even during his childhood! 67. ______ I ask you, my fellow Americans: is this the kind of person we want in public office to set an example for our youth? 68. ______ His female relatives put on a constant pose of purity and innocence, and claim they are inscrutable, yet every one of them has taken part in hortatory activities. The men in the family are likewise completely amenable to moral suasion. My opponent's second cousin is a Mormon. His uncle was a flagrant heterosexual. His sister, who has always been obsessed by sects, once worked as a proselyte outside a church. His father was secretly chagrined at least a dozen times by matters of a pecuniary nature. His youngest brother wrote an essay extolling the vitrues of being a homo sapiens. His great-aunt expired from a degenerative disease. His nephew subscribes to a phonographic magazine. His wife was a thespian before their marriage and even performed the act in front of paying customers. And his own mother had to resign from a woman's organization in her later years because she was an admitted sexagenarian. 69. ______ I can tell you in solemn truth that he is the very antithesis of political radicalism, economic irresponsibility and personal dpravity. His own record proves that he has frequently discountenanced treasonable, un-American philosophies and has perpetrated many overt acts as well. He perambulated his infant son on the street. He practiced nepotism with his uncle and first cousin. He attempted to interest a 13-year-old girl in philately. He participated in a seance at a private residence where, among other odd goings-on, there was incense. He has advocated social intercourse in mixed companyand has taken part in such gatherings himself. He has been deliberately averse to crime in our city streets. He has urged our Protestant and lewish citizens to develop more catholic tastes. Last summer he committed a piscatorial act on a boat that was flying the American flag. Finally, at a time when we must be on our guard against all foreignisms, he has coolly announced

his belief in altruismand his fervent hope that some day this entire nation will be altruistic!. I beg you, my friends, to oppose this man whose life and work and ideas are so openly and avowedly compatible with our American way of life. A vote for him would be a vote for the perpetuation of everything we hold dear. 70. ______ Do your duty. A. Of course, it's not surprising that he should have such a typically pristine backgroundno, not when you consider the other members of his family. B. Now what shall we say of the man himself? C. The facts are clear; the record speaks for itself. D. Let us take a very quick look at that childhood. It is a known fact that, on a number of occasions, he emulated older boys at a certain playground. It is also known that his parents not only permitted him to masticate excessively in their presence, but even urged him to do so. Most explicable of all this man who poses as a paragon of virtue exacerbated his own sister when they were both teenagers! E. He has declared himself in favor of more homogeneity on college campuses. F. At first I tried to ignore these scrupulous, unvarnished fidelities. Now I will do so no longer. If my opponent wants a fight, he's going to get one! Part C Answer questions 7180 by referring to the comments on different news-papers in the following magazine article. Note: Answer each question by choosing A, B or C and mark it on ANSWER SHEET 1. Some choices may be required more than once. A = Newspapers(A) B = Newspapers(B) C = Newspapers(C) Which medium... Possibly has 48 or even 200 pages a day . 71. ______ Has no censorship of press. 72. ______ Has Le monde in French. 73. ______ Has the most voracious readers in the world. 74. ______ Has the Daily Express, the Daily Mail and 75. ______ the Daily Mirror and the Sun. Is an organ of the Communists. 76. ______ Carries the "Letter to the Editor". 77. ______ Once courageously exposed the Watergate Affair. 78. ______ Has extremely high quality papers with widely 79. ______ quoted views all over the world. Has weekly news magazines which are nationally and 80. ______ sometimes internationally circulated Newspapers(A) No country in the world has more daily newspapers than the USA. There are almost 2,000 of them, as compared with 180 in Japan, 164 in Argentina and 1 1 1 in Britain. The quality of some American papers is extremely high and their views are quoted all over the world. Distinguished dailies like the Washington Post or the New York Times exert a powerful influence all over the country. However the Post and the Times are not national newspapers in the sense that The Times is

in Britain or Le Monde is in France, since each American city has its own daily newspaper. The best of these present detailed accounts of national and international news, but many tend to limit themselves to state or city news. Like the press in most other countries, American newspapers range from the "sensational", which feature crime, sex and gossip, to the serious, which focus on factual news and the analysis of world events. But with few exceptions American newspapers try to entertain as well as give information, for they have to compete with the lure of television. Just as American newspapers cater for all tastes, so do they also try and appeal to readers of all political persuasions. A few newspapers support extremist groups on the far right and on the far left, but most daily newspapers attempt to attract middle-of-the-road. Americans who are essentially moderate. Many of these papers print columns by well-known journalists of differing political and social views, in order to present a balanced picture. As in other democratic countries American newspapers can be either responsible or irresponsible, but it is generally accepted that the American press serves its country well and that it has more than once courageously exposed political scandals or crimes, for instance, the Watergate Affair. The newspapers drew the attention of the public to the horrors of the Vietnam War. Newspapers ( B ) The major agency for distributing information to the public is the newspaper. Every major city has two, three, or four general newspapers, and even the smallest towns and cities are likely to have at least one local paper. In addition to the general newspapers, there are likely to be in large cities which have large numbers of foreign-born citizens, newspapers which are printed in the native languages of these citizens. It is not surprising to get on a bus or street car in an American city and find a person there reading a newspaper in Italian or German or Polish. In addition to the foreign language newspapers, there are also newspapers published by groups with special interests. This group includes the religious newspapers, the trade and business papers, and the political journals. On a normal day, an American paper is likely to have 48 or more pages, and on Sundays the number of pages may be nearly 200. This size is accounted for in two main ways. First, a newspaper carries items of interest to everyoneyoung people and old people, businessmen and workers, buyers and sellers. Second, the selling price is not enough to pay for producing the paper. In order to earn additional money, newspapers sell advertising space to private citizens and business firms, and a large part of the paper is taken up by advertisements. This combination of items of interest to everyone and a large number of advertisements accounts for the size of the paper. The first section of a newspaper is devoted to general news, editorials, and the columns which give interpretations of the news. In this section are the stories of national and international interest. In the editorial section the publishers of the paper present their view of the news. The editorial section also carries the "Letters to the Editor." These are letters from readers who have views to express on the news, the government, or the policy of the newspaper itself. Among other sections of the paper there would be a section of local news, that is, news of special interest to the readers living in the community where the paper is published. There would be a feature section carrying items of special interst to women, social news, children's items, and other special articles. There is always asports section. The final section might be devoted to financial and business news, classified advertisements, and the comic strips. In addition to newspapers as agencies of public information, there are weekly news magazines

which are nationally and sometimes internationally circulated. Like the newspapers, they are privately owned and privately controlled, and they depend on advertising for a large part of their income. The best known of these weekly publications are Time, Newsweek-, and U. S. News and World Report. The weeklies Life and Look, which present their stories largely through pictures, are also widely circulated. Newspapers ( C ) The British are the most voracious newspaper reader's in the world. They read newspapers at breakfast; they walk to the bus reading a newspaper; they read a newspaper on the bus, as they go to work; and on the way back home, after work, they are engrossed in an evening newspaper. There are many morning papers', both national and provincial. The most famous is The Times. Contrary to what many foreigners believe, this is not a government newspaper. The various newspapers usually have their own views on polities, but they are not organs of the political parties, with the exception of the Communist Morning Star. The labour Party and the Trades Union Congress no longer have a daily newspaper to represent them. Bold headlines and a variety of photographs are features of the British press. Some newspapers, such as the sober Daily Telegraph and The Times(which belong to the 'quality' press, ) use photographs sparingly. The more 'popular' newspapers, using the small or 'tabloid' format, such as th Daily Express, the Daily Mail, the Daily Mirror and the Sun, use pictures extensively and also run stripcartoons and humorous drawings, some of which present striking pictorial comment on politics. Besides offering features common to newspapers all over the world. British newspapers specialize in pages devoted to criticism of the arts and a woman's page. One feature found in many foreign newspapers is missing in British papers: the serial. Nearly all papers pay special attention to the reporting of sport and athletics. The evening newspapers(the first editions of which appear in the morning! )are often bought because the purchaser wants to know the winner of a race, or to get a good tip for a race that is still to be run. There is no censorship of the press in Britain(except in wartime), though of course all newspapers like private personsare responsible for what they pbulish, and can be used for libel for publishing articles that go beyond the bounds of decency, or for 'contempt of court' (e. g. calling a man a murderer while he is still being tried). Such lawsuits are infrequent. Section : Writing You have read an article in a magazine which states: "The presence of a competitor is always beneficial, because competition forces you to change yourself in ways that improve your practices." Write an article to the editor of the same magazine, discussing the extent to which you agree or disagree with the opinion expressed above. Be sure to support your point of view with reasons and examples from your own experience, observations, or reading. You should write no less than 250 words. Test Fifteen Section I: Listening Comprehension Directions: This section is designed to test your ability to understand spoken English. You will hear a selection of recorded materials and you must answer the questions that accompany them. There

are three parts in this section, Part A, Part B and Part C. Remember, while you are doing the test, you should first put down your answers in your test booklet, NOT on the ANSWER SHEET. At the end of the listening comprehension section, you will have 5 minutes to transfer your answers from your test booklet onto ANSWER SHEET 1. If you have any questions, you may raise your hand NOW, as you will not be allowed to speak once the test has started. Now look at Part A in your test booklet. Part A You will hear a dialogue about aerobic exercise. As you listen, answer Questions 110 by circling TRUE or FALSE. You'll hear the dialogue ONLY ONCE. A: Can you tell me something about aerobic exercise? B: The word aerobic literally means "with oxygen" or "in the presence of oxygen. "Aerobic exercise is any activity that uses large muscle groups. It can be maintained continuously for a long period of time and is rhythmic in nature. A: Does it train muscles? B: Aerobic activity trains the heart, lungs and heart vessel system to process and deliver oxygen more quickly and efficiently to every part of the body. As the heart muscle becomes stronger and more efficient, a larger amount of blood can be pumped with each stroke. Fewer strokes are then required to rapidly transport oxygen to all parts of the body. A: What can people benefit from aerobic exercise? An aerobically fit individual can work longer, more vigorously and achieve a quicker recovery at the end of the aerobic session. A: What factors will affect aerobic training? B: Frequency, duration and intensity. Frequency refers to how often you perform aerobic activity, duration refers to the time spent at each session, and intensity refers to the percentage of your maximum heart rate or heart rate reserve at which you work. A: How often should I train? How hard and for how long? B: Most experts believe that 3-5 times per week for a duration of 20-60 minutes at 60-90% of agespecific maximal heart rate or 50-80% of VO2max (heart rate reserve). A: How do I determine my target heart rate? B: That's very easy: The general formula for the average person is 220-age 60% and 90% of maximal heart rate. A: Hold on, hold on. I am 30 years old to a day now. What would be my target zone according to the above formula? 220-30=190. 19060% =114 and 19090% = 171. Am I right? B: Absolutely correct. You would fry to keep you heart rate between 114(low end) and 171 (high end) beats per minute. The Karvonen Formula calculates your heart rate reserve range. To calculate it, take your pulse for one minute on three successive mornings upon waking up. (We will be using the case of a 30-year old male whose resting pulse was 69, 70 and 71 for an average of 70 over the 3 days. )Calculate target heart rate by subtracting your age from 220(220 - 30 = 190). Subtract your average resting heart rate from target heart rate( 190-70=120). The lower boundary of the percentage range is 50% of this plus your resting heart rate[ (1200.5) + 70= 130] . The higher boundary is 85% plus your resting heart rate[ (120 0.85)+70=172]. Using the Karvonen Formula for percentage of heart rate reserve, this 30-year old man should be working between 130 and 178 beats per minute. A: Does this formula apply to every one of us?

B: Definitely not. Like the maximum heart rate formula, the Karvonen formula can vary from individual to individual. Not every individual is "average", and there can be large differences among people. Therefore heart rate alone may not be the best indicator of how hard or how well you are working. A: Thank you very much for the ideas you give me on aerobic exercise. These will help me while I practice my aerobic exercise. Part B You will hear 3 conversations or talks and you must answer the questions by choosing A, B, C or D. You will hear the recording ONLY ONCE. Questions 1113 are based on the following talk. Kempo is a unique martial art founded several centuries ago in a Chinese Shaolin temple. Thus, bringing with it a certain air of mystery. As a martial art, Kempo is refered to as a Do. The Dc is referred to in Buddhist Zen scripts as a path towards enlightenment. Lao Tzu, a priest of Taoism, said "Mastering others requires force, mastering the self requires enlightenment."This phrase sums the full circle of what Kempo strives towards. Although on its surface Kempo can be seen as a unique form of self-defense, hidden beneath its physical exterior are levels where characteristic centralization of mind and body from. At this level, Kempo's practitioners elevate from a simple form of fighting to a higher level of ability and enlightenment. Ying Kuchan, a Shaolin monk and master of Kempo, after a lengthy period of meditation in a Zen rock garden, spoke of Kempo saying"Kempo is the power of adaptability and yielding, the harmony of all things working togehter." Kempo is a unique art form of spiritual growth, health, and personal responsibility. It is a comprehensive and diversified means of unarmed self-defense, though it encompasses both an armed and unarmed systems of combat with techniques of varying appearances and methods. On an external level, Kempo is a no holds barred fighting system of offensive and defensive methods, with equal emphasis of striking techniques with the hands and feet, immobilization and controls, projections and take downs; as well as weaponry, various spiritual, and healing arts. Kempo, as developed in America, is a streetwise defensive art that does not restrict its students in methodology. Clawing hands evolve into sharp feet. Cunning joint locks turn into devastating hip throws. Evasive blocks turn into breath closing chokes. The possibilities are endless. The only true fighting systems are those where there are no rules applied. From the books of the Hah dynasty, we learn "Nothing is impossible to a willing mind." And it is from this saying that we can derive the upper principles of Shaolin Kempo. What sets Kempo apart from boxing, wrestling, and Sunday night football is an emphasis on spirit of body and mind. Questions 1416 are based on the following conversation. A: How do 1 get abdominal muscles like giant dumpling? B: Getting visible abdominal muscles or "abs" depends on reducing the amount of fat covering the abs. Getting hard, lumpy abs depends on developing the underlying muscles. A: Should I do lots of situps to reduce fat around my middle? B: No. Exercising the area from which you want to lose fat is called "spot reduction" . Spot reduction is now believed to be a myth. Research shows that fat is lost all over your body, not just in the area that you work. Sit-ups are also bad for your lower back. A: How do I reduce the fat covering my middle?

B: The answer comes in two parts: diet and aerobic exercise. A: How do I exercise the abs? B: The abs are designed to perform one main task, to shorten the distance between your breastbone, and bone at your seat. The only way to do this is to bend your spine in the lower back region. In short, any exercise which makes you move your breastbone toward your bone at your seat or your bone at your seat toward your breastbone is good. To do this safely, the lower back should be slightly rounded, not arched. In general when exercising the abs, try to maintain the natural arch of your lower back. The lower back will round slightly as your perform the exercises. Don't worry about pressing your back into the ground. A: What are good ab exercises? B: We've divided the exericises into upper and lower ab exercises. Note that there aren't two separate muscles that you can truly isolate so all the exericises stress the whole abdominal wall. A: Is there a specific order I should do exericises in? B: Exercise the lower abs before the upper abs and to any twisting upper ab movements after straightening upper ab ones. Twisting exercises work the oblique muscles as well as the upper abs. A: How often should I train abs? B: Treat them as you would on any other body part. Three or four times a week. Questions 1720 are based on the following talk. While walk across a street in America these days, you might find yourself jostling for space with others scooting across. Scooters, first popular in Germany in the 1800s and revived in the 1950s,are back in a high-tech foldable version, with kids, dot-com executives and parents taking up the footpowered charge. Risingalong with their popularity, however, may be the number of injuries they cause. Dr. Deborah Levine, a pediatric emergency room physician, says she started noticing children riding scooters in New York City early this summer and saw very few of them wearing protective gear. A month ago. Levine says she saw her first scooter injury case in Bellevue Hospital Center's Emergency Room in midtown of Manhattan where she works. An 8-year-old boy was playing on a scooter he had rented in a park. When making a sharp turn, he fell off, hit his head and lost consciousness. His 12-year-old sister and witnesses saw that the boy had fallen and called 911. Once at the hospital, the boy received X-rays and a CT scan. "He didn't remember what had happened to him," Levine says. "The work-up revealed he did not have any serious injuries. But he was not lucky. Had he worn a helmet he probably would have been protected from the violent shock in the brain. "Since that time, she and other members of the Emergeny Room staff have treated children with fractures and servere cuts needing stitches due to scooters, she says. The staff is beginning to record the nature of scooter injuries to help raise public awareness about their potential for serious harm to a child and to encourage use of helmets and protective gear. Part C You will hear a talk on learning to ride unicycles. As you listen, you must answer Questions 21 30 by writing NO MORE THAN THREE words in the place provided for you, you'll hear the talk TWICE. Teaching students to ride unicycles may seem discouraging to teachers. However, it can be taught quite effectively by teachers with knowledge of basic progressions. It should be understood that these skills usually take more time to learn than juggling and manipulative skills. Students may not experience success as quickly as in other activities, but the rewards of conquering these challenging skills are substantial. There will always be a handful of students who make unicycling their mission.

When teaching, think of these skills as similar to gymnastics in terms of class routines and safety procedures. Students should always be supervised when practicing, and should be taught how to spot each other. Horseplay should never be tolerated. People often perceive unicycling as risky, maybe because they have seen a daredevil performer who rode(seemingly) out of control, or on a very tall unicycle. The result is an unfounded perception of high risk. The reality is that when basic safety procedures are followed, unicycle riding is actually safer than riding bicycles, skateboards, and in-line skates. This is because unicycles do not permit the rider to coast or achieve high speeds. Although mild bumps and scrapes do sometimes occur, teachers can minimize this occurrence by requiring students to wear kneepads and gloves while practicing. Many schools also use helmets. Today, helmets are inexpensive and lend an air of safety and forethought to peoples' perceptions of unciycling in a school environment. When learning, students should be made aware of all rules and safety procedures. Here are some appropriate rules for unicycling: 1. Never interfere with a unicyclist who is practicing. 2. No horseplay. 3. The practice area should be free of obstructions. 4. Unicyclists have"right-of-way" when riding. Never allow students to brace themselves with "ski poles" or similar objects. A fall on to such equipment could cause serious injury. Students should learn to spot each other when they learn to unicycle. The spotter's job is not to hold up the rider, but rather to offer support while the rider tries to balance himself. Students can work in pairs or threes when learning unicycling. When learning to ride, always begin and end in the Safety Position. They can position the unicycle about an arm's length from a clear wall with the tire parallel to the wall. The spotter holds her hand palm-up for the rider to grasp from above. The rider also holds onto the wall with his other hand. Rotate the wheel until one pedal is at the bottom. Sit lightly on the seat and put one foot on the down-pedal. Step up, and keep your weight on the down-pedal. Lean slowly forward until you can place the other foot on the up-pedal. There is an important safety issue here: The pedal must be in the down position when mountinga student stepping on a pedal which is not in the down position will either have the unicycle shoot away, or will have the other pedal swing up and strike the shins. Carefully and slowly, push the pedals forward until they are eventhis is the Safety Position. Balance with even pressure on the seat and pedals. The spotter should assist the rider in mounting, but the rider should be encouraged to support their own weight as much as possible, and not to pull too hard on the spotters. As when walking a balance beam, make sure that the head leads the body. Encourage straight and tall posture on the unicycle. When riding forward along the Wall: The student should be tocuhing the wall at about an arm's length with one hand, and grasping the spotter's hand with the other. It is best if the rider's hand is on top of the spotter's palm-up hand. Be sure the pedals are in the Safety Position before beginning. Sit up straight and tall, and look forward. Lean slightly forward to begin moving. Slowly push the pedals forward for a half turn of the wheel, until the pedals are in the Saftey Position again. If you get stuck in the Dead Spot, slowly push past it and into the Safety Position. Practice this step until comfortable, using half-turns of the wheel. When comfortable, the rider can move into open spaces, with the spotter walking alongside. Test Fifteen

 1. T 2. F 3. T 4. T 5. T 6. F 7. F 8. T 9. F 10. F 11. B 12. D 13. C 14. B 15. A 16. C 17. D 18. D 19. C 20. A 21. follow/know basic progressions 22. riding unicycles 23. conquered challenging skills 24. to gymnastics 25. never be tolerated 26. Their wrong impression/Their previous misconception/Their previous illusion/Wrong perception 27. follow safety procedures 28. achieve high speeds 29. get injured 30. down position 31. on 32. of 33. to 34. give 35. on 36. from 37. being 38. either 39. experiment 40. watch 41. programmes 42. of 43. who 44. that 45. set 46. went 47. As 48. led 49. while 50. on 51. D 52. D 53. D 54. C 55. A 56. A 57. C 58. D 59. C 60. A 61. C 62. B 63. D 64. C 65. B 66. F 67. E 68. A 69. B 70. F 71. B 72. C 73. A 74. C 75. C 76. C 77. B 78. A 79. A 80. B