IAAI0A

SUBMlSSlON !O !NE UN
NUMAN RlON!S
OOMMl!!EE

lOR !NE lJJ
RD
SESSlON Ol !NE NUMAN
RlON!S OOMMl!!EE (l! OO!OBER - 1
NO\EMBER ZJll)





Arest Irterrat|ora| |s a g|oba| oeert of Z.Z ||||or
peop|e |r ore t|ar J59 ooartr|es ar4 terr|tor|es, w|o
oapa|gr or |aar r|g|ts. 0ar |s|or |s for eer persor to
erjo a|| t|e r|g|ts ers|r|re4 |r t|e Ur|ersa| 0eo|arat|or of
Haar R|g|ts ar4 ot|er |rterrat|ora| |aar r|g|ts
|rstraerts. de researo|, oapa|gr, a4ooate ar4 ob|||ze
to er4 abases of |aar r|g|ts. Arest Irterrat|ora| |s
|r4eper4ert of ar goerrert, po||t|oa| |4eo|og, eooro|o
|rterest or re||g|or. 0ar work |s |arge| f|raroe4 b
oortr|bat|ors fro oar ebers||p ar4 4orat|ors

Arest Irterrat|ora| Pab||oat|ors

||rst pab||s|e4 |r Z9JJ b
Arest Irterrat|ora| Pab||oat|ors
Irterrat|ora| Seoretar|at
Peter Berersor Hoase
J |astor Street
|or4or d0JX 90d
Ur|te4 K|rg4o
www.arest.org

0opr|g|t Arest Irterrat|ora| Pab||oat|ors Z998

Ir4et: AR J8/991/Z9JJ
0r|g|ra| |argaage: |rg||s|
Pr|rte4 b Arest Irterrat|ora|, Irterrat|ora| Seoretar|at, Ur|te4 K|rg4o

A|| r|g|ts resere4. No part of t||s pab||oat|or a be repro4aoe4, store4 |r a retr|ea| sste, or trars|tte4, |r ar for
or b ar ears, e|eotror|o, eo|ar|oa|, p|otooop|rg, reoor4|rg or ot|erw|se w|t|oat t|e pr|or per|ss|or of t|e
pab||s|ers.


00N!|N!S
INTR0DUCTI0N........................................................................................................5
N0N-DISCRIMINATI0N (ARTICLES 2 AND 26)............................................................5
Fghts cI Iesban, gay, bsexuaI and transgender pecpIe (Cuestcn o) ...........................5
STATE 0F EMER0ENCY (ARTICLE 4)..........................................................................7
RI0HT T0 LIFE (ARTICLE 6) ......................................................................................8
KIIngs by pcIce and securty Icrces (Cuestcns S and 5)...........................................8
Measures tc respcnd tc IethaI nter-gang vcIence (Cuestcn 1U)..................................9
Death PenaIty (Cuestcn 12)..................................................................................T0
PR0HIBITI0N 0F T0RTURE AND CRUEL, INHUMAN 0R DE0RADIN0 TREATMENT 0R
PUNISHMENT (ARTICLE 7) .....................................................................................T0
Prchbtcn cI tcrture and cther II-treatment (Cuestcn 1o).......................................T0
SexuaI vcIence aganst wcmen and grIs and dcmestc vcIence (Cuestcns 1o and 17)
..........................................................................................................................T2
RI0HT T0 LIBERTY AND SECURITY 0F PERS0N AND TRETMENT 0F PERS0NS
DEPRI\ED 0F THEIR LIBERTY (ARTICLES 9 AND T0) ...............................................T2
UnIawIuI arrest and detentcn under emergency reguIatcns (Cuestcn 2U) .................T2
ChIdren n custcdy (Cuestcns 24 and 2o) .............................................................T4
ENDN0TES................................................................................................................T5


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lN!RODUO!lON
AmnesLy InLernaLona s submLLng Lhs brefng Lo Lhe Human RghLs CommLLee ahead of
Ls examnaLon of Jamaca`s Lhrd perodc reporL on Lhe mpemenLaLon of Lhe InLernaLona
CovenanL on Cv and PoLca RghLs. The documenL brefy hghghLs man aspecLs of
AmnesLy InLernaLona`s on-gong human rghLs concerns n Jamaca as we as human rghLs
voaLons whch occurred n Lhe conLexL of Lhe sLaLe of emergency beLween 23 May and 22
Juy 20T0. FurLher deLas on Lhese concerns can be found n Lhe AmnesLy InLernaLona
pubcaLons referred Lo n Lhe LexL, and n parLcuar n Lhe reporLs encosed Lo Lhs brefng.
1amaca A Icng rcad tc ustce? Human rghts vcIatcns under the state cI
emergency, AI Index. AMR 38/002/20TT, 23 May 20TT,
hLLp.//www.amnesLy.org/en/brary/nfo/AMR38/002/20TT/en.
1amaca PubIc securty reIcrms and human rghts n 1amaca, AI Index. AMR
38/00T/2009, 2T Juy 2009,
hLLp.//www.amnesLy.org/en/brary/nfo/AMR38/00T/2009/en.

NON-DlSORlMlNA!lON (AR!lOlES Z AND ZC)
Rihts cf lesbian, ay, bisexual and transender pecple (Questicn )
Jamacan crmna aw conLnues Lo ncude provsons LhaL dscrmnaLe, boLh formay and n
Lhe manner n whch Lhey are apped, on grounds of sex (see arLces 76, 77 and 79 of Lhe
0ffences agansL Lhe Person AcL). AmnesLy InLernaLona aso consders LhaL Lhe Jamacan
governmenL has noL mpemenLed measures adequaLe Lo proLecL esban, gay, bsexua and
Lransgender peope from Lhe voence and oLher forms of dscrmnaLon wLh whch Lhey are
LargeLed by reason of Lher sexua orenLaLon aone.
In 20T0, nLervews conducLed by Lhe Jamacan assocaLon women for women on TT
esban, bsexua and Lransgender women vcLms of voence found LhaL ony one had
reporLed Lhe rape Lo Lhe poce and afLer Lwo years she was sL waLng for Lhe courL hearng.
The oLhers had noL reporLed Lhe crme because Lhey feared beng crmnazed on accounL of
Lher sexua orenLaLon.
The Jamaca Forum for Lesbans, A-Sexuas & 0ays (J-FLA0) reporLed n June LhaL 5T
homophobc ncdenLs had been regsLered n Jamacan beLween January and June 20TT,
represenLng a rse compared Lo Lhe same perod over 20T0. These ncdenLs ncude mob
aLLacks, physca abuse, home evcLons and dscrmnaLon. Some of Lhe ncdenLs were
perpeLraLed by poce offcers.
T

For exampe, |usL afLer mdnghL on 20 February 20TT, approxmaLey 20 heavy armed
offcers raded a gay cub n MonLego Bay. The poce reporLedy kcked n Lhe doors of Lhe
cub, beaL and psLo-whpped paLrons, and chased paLrons from Lhe venue. The poce
reporLedy used homophobc anguage when nLmdaLng and beaLng paLrons. The poce dd
noL dscose Lhe purpose of Lhe rad. AL easL Len peope are reporLed Lo have been LreaLed aL
hospLa for n|ures receved durng Lhe rad. Nobody was arresLed.
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AmnesLy InLernaLona beeves LhaL such aLLacks conLnue Lo occur and go unpunshed aL
easL n parL because of Lhe reLenLon of dscrmnaLory aws (ArLces 76, 77 and 79 of Lhe
0ffences AgansL Lhe Person AcL) LhaL effecLvey ouLaw same-sex conducL, and send a
message LhaL such dscrmnaLon s endorsed by Lhe sLaLe.
The dscrmnaLon has poLenLay been furLher enLrenched by provsons ncuded n Lhe new
CharLer of FundamenLa RghLs and Freedoms adopLed n Apr 20TT, whch repaces ChapLer
III of Lhe Jamacan ConsLLuLon (secLons 8-20). SecLon 8(3)() of Lhe ConsLLuLon now
recognses "Lhe rghL Lo freedom from dscrmnaLon on Lhe ground of . beng mae or
femae, and 8(3)(|)() Lhe rghL Lo "respecL for and proLecLon of prvaLe and famy fe, and
prvacy of Lhe home, and oLher rghLs of poLenLa reevance Lo persons of same-sex sexua
orenLaLon. However, secLon 8(T2) provdes n parL LhaL. "NoLhng conLaned n or done
under Lhe auLhorLy of any aw n force mmedaLey before Lhe commencemenL of Lhe CharLer
of FundamenLa RghLs and Freedoms (ConsLLuLona AmendmenL) AcL, 20TT, reaLng Lo a)
sexua offences . sha be hed Lo be nconssLenL wLh or n conLravenLon of Lhe provsons
of Lhs ChapLer. Ths provson appears Lo have been specfcay nLended Lo proLecL arLces
76, 77 and 79 of Lhe 0ffences AgansL Lhe Person AcL agansL any cams LhaL Lhe aws, or
even parLcuar enforcemenL acLons Laken under Lhem, voaLe Lhe human rghLs of esban,
gay, bsexua and Lransgender peope. The provson Lherefore seems fundamenLay
nconssLenL wLh Lhe prohbLon of dscrmnaLon n arLces 2 and 26 of Lhe CovenanL (as
we as oLher provsons such as Lhe rghL Lo prvaLe and famy fe) LogeLher wLh Lhe rghL Lo
a remedy n arLce 2.
CharLer arLce T8 aso conLravenes Lhe CovenanL by dscrmnaLng agansL persons n same-
sex reaLonshps on Lhe bass of Lher sex aone, n provdng LhaL "ln)oLhng conLaned n or
done under any aw n so far as L resLrcLs (a) marrage, or (b) any oLher reaLonshp n
respecL of whch any rghLs and obgaLons smar Lo Lhose perLanng Lo marrage are
conferred upon persons as f Lhey were husband and wfe, Lo one man and one woman sha
be regarded as beng nconssLenL wLh or n conLravenLon of Lhe provsons of Lhs ChapLer"
and LhaL "ln)o form of marrage or oLher reaLonshp referred Lo n subsecLon (T), oLher Lhan
Lhe vounLary unon of one man and one woman may be conLracLed or egay recognzed n
Jamaca."
AmnesLy InLernaLona conLnues Lo ca on Lhe Jamacan governmenL Lo.
- repea or amend a provsons LhaL dscrmnaLe on Lhe bass of sex, wheLher
formay or n effecL, by crmnazng conducL beLween persons of Lhe same sex LhaL
woud noL be crmna f engaged n by persons of Lhe opposLe sex or LhaL have a
dscrmnaLory dfferenLa mpacL on persons n same-sex reaLonshps (ncudng
arLces 76, 77 and 79 of Lhe 0ffences AgansL Lhe Person AcL),
- fuy and Lhoroughy nvesLgaLe a ncdenLs and acLs of voence suspecLed of beng
moLvaLed by dscrmnaLon on grounds of Lhe vcLm`s perceved sexua orenLaLon,
- Lake effecLve measures Lo counLer dscrmnaLory aLLLudes agansL esban, gay,
bsexua and Lransgender persons and proLecL such persons agansL voence
moLvaLed by such aLLLudes,
- revse Lhe defnLon of dscrmnaLon adopLed by Lhe CharLer of FundamenLa RghLs
and Freedoms, Lo expcLy ncude gender denLLy and sexua orenLaLon, repea
arLce 8(T2) n so far as L purporLs Lo exempL a pre-exsLng aws concernng
IAMAlOA
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sexua offences from any scruLny under Lhe CharLer ncudng Lhose provsons LhaL
dscrmnaLe agansL L0BT persons on Lhe bass of Lher sex and sexua orenLaLon,
and repea arLce T8.

S!A!E Ol EMEROENO\ (AR!lOlE 1)
AmnesLy InLernaLona remans concerned LhaL neLher Lhe governmenL nor Lhe ndvduas
aegedy responsbe for human rghLs voaLons durng Lhe sLaLe of emergency, mposed
more Lhan one year ago n an operaLon Lo arresL a suspecLed gang eader, have yeL been hed
accounLabe.
0n 23 May 20T0, Lhe 0overnor-0enera of Jamaca decared a one-monLh SLaLe of Pubc
Emergency n Lhe parshes of KngsLon and SL Andrew. The decson was Laken aL Lhe requesL
of Lhe CabneL foowng an ncrease n voence n wesL KngsLon. The confcL cenLred on
aLLempLs by armed supporLers of ChrsLopher "Dudus Coke Lo ressL efforLs Lo Lake hm nLo
cusLody.
2
The US auLhorLes were seekng ChrsLopher Coke`s exLradLon Lo Lhe USA where
he faced charges reaLed Lo drug-Lraffckng and frearms. (He was evenLuay exLradLed Lo Lhe
US where, on T SepLember 20TT, he ped guLy Lo charges of rackeLeerng and conspracy Lo
commL assauL wLh a dangerous weapon.)In aLe June, Lhe sLaLe of emergency was exLended
for a furLher monLh and exLended Lo Lhe parsh of SL CaLherne. 0n 22 Juy, Lhe sLaLe of
emergency ended afLer a governmenL requesL for a furLher one-monLh exLenson was re|ecLed
by ParamenL.
0n 24 May, Lhe poce and Lhe mLary nLaLed a |onL operaLon n Lhe wesL KngsLon
communLy of Tvo 0ardens. The sLaLed purpose of Lhe operaLon was Lo arresL ChrsLopher
Coke and re-esLabsh order n Lhe communLy. Durng Lhe frsL Lwo days of Lhe operaLon, aL
easL 74 peope, ncudng a member of Lhe Jamaca Defence Force (JDF), were ked and aL
easL 54 peope, ncudng 28 members of Lhe securLy forces, were n|ured.
More Lhan 40 of Lhose ked n Tvo 0ardens are aeged Lo have been Lhe vcLms of
unawfu kngs by Lhe securLy forces. Unawfu kngs were aso reporLed n oLher
operaLons conducLed durng Lhe sLaLe of emergency. Two peope (Dwayne Edwards, Leenager
Dae AnLhony Davs) LhaL were reporLedy Laken nLo cusLody reman unaccounLed for and may
have been vcLms of enforced dsappearance.
The ongong nvesLgaLons nLo Lhe kngs LhaL occurred under Lhe sLaLe of emergency n
wesL KngsLon n May 20T0 have so far demonsLraLed a cerLan degree of ndependence. Ths
s many due Lo Lhe promnenL roe Laken by Lhe 0ffce of Lhe Pubc Defender
3
and Lo Lhe
facL LhaL he has so far successfuy asserLed hs 0ffce`s sLaLus as an ndependenL nsLLuLon.
Thanks Lo Lhs, and Lo Lhe supporL receved by nLernaLona and baLera donors, ndependenL
forensc paLhoogy and basLc experLse has aso been secured.
However, faures by aw enforcemenL and oLher securLy forces Lo coecL and preserve
evdence, as we as sLrucLura weaknesses and/or mLed or dvded mandaLes wLhn n Lhe
overa sysLem for nvesLgaLng aeged human rghLs voaLons by aw enforcemenL or mLary
personne, may have compromsed Lhe abLy of Lhe nvesLgaLons Lo fuf Lher ams, and
aso has resuLed n serous deays. FfLeen monLhs afLer Lhe ncdenLs, nvesLgaLons have noL
yeL provded concusve answers abouL whaL happened durng Lhe sLaLe of emergency or ead
IAMAlOA
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Lo any crmna proceedngs.
DespLe Lhe ca from Lhe Pubc Defender and by Jamacan human rghLs organsaLons, Lhe
governmenL has so far noL made a commLmenL Lo apponL an ndependenL commsson of
nqury Lo esLabsh Lhe LruLh abouL whaL happened.
4
The 0overnmenL has sLaLed LhaL L
nLends Lo awaL Lhe reporL of Lhe Pubc Defender nLo Lhe maLLer before decdng wheLher a
Commsson of Inqury shoud be esLabshed.
5
\arous naLona observers have ponLed ouL Lo
AmnesLy InLernaLona LhaL L shoud aready be cear LhaL a commsson of nqury s
necessary, and Lhere s noLhng Lo prevenL sLeps beng Laken mmedaLey Lo esLabsh and
prepare a commsson so LhaL L can begn Ls subsLanLve work as soon as Lhe Pubc
Defender`s nvesLgaLons are compeLe.
AmnesLy InLernaLona beeves LhaL ensurng LhaL such a commsson s aready up-and-
runnng by Lhe Lme Lhe Pubc Defender fnazes hs reporL hods ouL Lhe prospecL for
sheddng ghL on ncdenLs, Lhe scae and paLLern of whch have rased concerns LhaL human
rghLs voaLons may have occurred noL as soaLed ncdenLs buL as Lhe resuL of poces or
sysLemc ssues. If Lhe Lerms of reference are we crafLed, a commsson of nqury woud
enabe a hosLc approach Lo facL-fndng, anayss and recommendaLons, whch mghL noL
be possbe by oLher means. In addLon Lo carfyng Lhe facLs and esLabshng ndvdua and
nsLLuLona responsbLy, a commsson of nqury woud aso aow measures Lo be
denLfed LhaL coud hep prevenL abuses beng commLLed n Lhe fuLure.
0n 23 May 20TT, AmnesLy InLernaLona pubshed Lhe reporL. 1amaica: A Lcn rcad tc
justice7 (Index number. AMR 38/002/20TT). The reporL deLaed some of Lhe aegaLons of
human rghLs voaLons commLLed durng Lhe sLaLe of emergency and descrbed ongong
nvesLgaLons nLo Lhose aegaLons. IL ncuded a seres of recommendaLons amed aL
ensurng LhaL ndependenL nvesLgaLons nLo a Lhe aegaLons and ssues are saLsfacLory
compeLed, LhaL anyone found responsbe for human rghLs voaLons s hed accounLabe
(ncudng, where Lhe voaLons consLLuLed crmes, by beng broughL Lo |usLce), and LhaL
vcLms receve effecLve redress and reparaLon. The reporL aso ncuded a furLher seL of
recommendaLons amed aL enhancng Lhe Jamacan nvesLgaLve sysLem and prevenLng
unawfu kngs n Lhe fuLure (see chapLer 5 of Lhe reporL "Concusons and
recommendaLons, pages 27-32).
RlON! !O lllE (AR!lOlE C)
Killins by pclice and security fcrces (Questicns and 9)
AmnesLy InLernaLona remans concerned aL Lhe arge number of unawfu kngs by poce
and securLy forces n Jamaca, as prevousy documenLed n AmnesLy InLernaLona reporLs
(For furLher nformaLon on poce kngs see n parLcuar pages 9-T2 of Lhe reporL pubshed
n 2009, 1amaca PubIc securty reIcrms and human rghts n 1amaca, and concernng
unawfu kngs n Lhe conLexL of Lhe sLaLe of emergency n parLcuar pages T2-T6 of Lhe
reporL 1amaca A Icng rcad tc ustce? Human rghts vcIatcns under the state cI emergency,
pubshed n 20TT.)
The number of peope ked by Lhe poce was a record hgh n 20T0. Accordng Lo poce
sLaLsLcs, 320 peope were ked by Lhe poce. Ths fgure does noL ncude Lhe 73 peope
ked n wesL KngsLon beLween 24 and 25 May 20T0.
IAMAlOA
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A posLve sLep n promoLng accounLabLy of Lhe securLy forces has been Lhe esLabshmenL
of Lhe IndependenL Commsson of InvesLgaLons (INDEC0M) n AugusL 20T0. INDEC0M s
mandated tc carry cut investigaticns intc repcrts c abuses by members c the security crces, tc
reer cases cr criminal prcsecuticn where the evidence warrants, and tc carry cut studies and
make reccmmendaticns c a thematic cr brcader pclicy nature. whe L s encouragng LhaL
Lhe budgeL aocaLed Lo INDEC0M for 20TT/20T2 shoud aow Lhe recruLmenL of 30
addLona nvesLgaLors,
6
L s cruca LhaL Lhe INDEC0M receves suffcenL powers and co-
operaLon from oLher sLaLe agences Lo conducL effecLve nvesLgaLons LhaL acLuay ead Lo
crmna and oLher proceedngs where Lhere s suffcenL evdence of unawfu use of force or
oLher human rghLs voaLons.
In February 20TT a Speca Coroner wLh |ursdcLon over deaLhs caused by agenLs of Lhe
sLaLe was apponLed, Lwo years afLer Lhe offce was creaLed under Lhe Coroners (AmendmenL)
AcL. The governmenL has sLaLed LhaL Lhe am of Lhe Speca Coroner`s 0ffce s Lo ensure LhaL
Lhe cases LhaL fa wLhn Ls remL are deaL wLh more prompLy, and Lo ncrease Lransparency
and Lhe accounLabLy of Lhe sLaLe and Ls agenLs.
7
IL s cruca LhaL Lhe Speca Coroner be
gven adequaLe resources f Lhese ams are Lo be reazed.
AmnesLy InLernaLona consders LhaL, n order Lo mprove nvesLgaLons nLo kngs by Lhe
securLy forces and oLher human rghLs voaLons of a crmna naLure, Lhe Jamacan
governmenL needs Lo Lake mmedaLe sLeps Lo enhance Lhe capacLes and ndependence of
forensc servces, such as enhancng Lhe human resources of Lhe forensc paLhoogy servces,
esLabshng a pubc morgue, purchasng addLona equpmenL aL Lhe basLc aboraLory (for
more deLaed recommendaLons, pease refer Lo AmnesLy InLernaLona`s 2009 reporL.
"1amaca A Icng rcad tc ustce?. See n parLcuar chapLer 5 "Concusons and
RecommendaLons, pages 3T-32).
Measures tc respcnd tc lethal inter-an viclence (Questicn 10)
AmnesLy InLernaLona remans concerned abouL Lhe hgh murder raLe reporLed n Jamaca
every year (T429 peope were ked n 20T0) and by Lhe mpacL of crme and voence for
resdenLs of margnased nner-cLy communLes.
AmnesLy InLernaLona, aong wLh naLona human rghLs organsaLons and oLher cv soceLy
organsaLons, has ong advocaLed for Lhe adopLon and Lhe mpemenLaLon of a pan Lo
combaL some of Lhe possbe rooL causes of voence, ncudng dsparLes and dscrmnaLon
n Lhe access Lo economc, soca and cuLura rghLs.
In Juy 20TT, Lhe CabneL adopLed a NaLona Crme PrevenLon and CommunLy SafeLy
SLraLegy.
8
The SLraLegy ncorporaLes a muL-secLora approach Lo crme prevenLon and
communLy safeLy
9
based on, buL noL mLed Lo, soca deveopmenL, effecLve pocng and
|usLce processes, and reducng reoffendng. whe Lhs s cerLany a posLve sLep, L w be
cruca LhaL Lhe SLraLegy receves adequaLe fundng and LhaL acLvLes under Lhe SLraLegy are
carred ouL n consuLaLon wLh rghLs-hoders. The mpemenLaLon of Lhe SLraLegy, whch s
expecLed Lo be carred ouL over a perod of T0 years, w have Lo be perodcay assessed n
order Lo ensure LhaL a rea mpacL s beng produced for resdenLs of nner-cLy communLes.
IAMAlOA
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lr1e\: AMR J&/JJ1/ZJll Arresl, lrlerralicral Selerler ZJll
T0
Death Penalty (Questicn 12)
AmnesLy InLernaLona wecomes LhaL no execuLons have been carred ouL snce T988.
However L s concerned LhaL deaLh senLences conLnued Lo be handed down and LhaL Lhe
governmenL s noL consderng esLabshng a moraLorum on deaLh penaLy.
The adopLon n Apr 20TT of Lhe new CharLer of FundamenLa RghLs and Freedoms
ncuded a provson seemngy nLended Lo reverse Lhe effecLs of Lhe andmark Prvy Counc
decson n Pratt and Mcrgan v Attcrney CeneraI cI 1amaca,
10
whch had esLabshed LhaL n
"any case n whch execuLon s Lo Lake pace more Lhan fve years afLer senLence Lhere w
be sLrong grounds for beevng LhaL Lhe deay s such as Lo consLLuLe 'nhuman or degradng
punshmenL or oLher LreaLmenL` and LhaL Lhe deaLh senLence shoud be commuLed Lo fe
mprsonmenL. SecLon T3(8) of Lhe ConsLLuLon (Lhe CharLer of RghLs was enacLed as
secLons T3 Lo 20 of Lhe ConsLLuLon) now sLaLes LhaL. "The execuLon of a senLence of deaLh
mposed afLer Lhe commencemenL of Lhe CharLer of FundamenLa RghLs and Freedoms
(ConsLLuLona AmendmenL) AcL, 20T0, on any person or offence agansL Lhe aw of Jamaca,
sha noL hed Lo be nconssLenL wLh, or n conLravenLon of, Lhs secLon by reason of Lhe
engLh of Lme whch eapses beLween Lhe daLe on whch Lhe senLence s mposed and Lhe
daLe on whch Lhe senLence s execuLed. As Lhe prohbLon of "LorLure or nhuman or
degradng punshmenL or oLher LreaLmenL are conLaned wLhn secLon T3, Lhe effecL of
secLon T3(8) appears Lo be Lo precude any courL or oLher body from hodng, wheLher n an
ndvdua case or as a genera rue, LhaL proonged perods on deaLh row can ever voaLe Lhe
rghL Lo fe or Lhe rghL Lo freedom from LorLure or oLher crue, nhuman or degradng
LreaLmenL or punshmenL. whe Lhe CommLLee has Lo daLe chosen noL Lo adopL Lhe ne of
reasonng arLcuaLed by Lhe Prvy Counc n Pratt and Mcrgan, for a sLaLe Lo mpose such a
ega prohbLon on Lhe capacLy of Ls courLs or oLher bodes Lo deLermne wheLher LorLure or
oLher -LreaLmenL has occurred n parLcuar cases regardess of whaL evdence or ega
argumenLs may be presenLed Lo Lhe CourL n Lhe specfc case, appears as a maLLer of
prncpe Lo be ncompaLbe wLh Lhe non-derogabe and absouLe prohbLon of LorLure and
oLher crue, nhuman or degradng LreaLmenL or punshmenL n arLce 7 of Lhe ICCPR and Lhe
rghL Lo a remedy n arLce 2 of Lhe ICCPR, parLcuary where courLs have aready hed
parLcuar LreaLmenL Lo consLLuLe a voaLon of Lhe prohbLon of LorLure and oLher -
LreaLmenL and Lhe ega provson s amed aL overLurnng LhaL fndng.
AmnesLy InLernaLona conLnues Lo ca on Lhe Jamacan auLhorLes Lo abosh Lhe deaLh
penaLy and commuLe a deaLh senLences Lo Lerms of mprsonmenL. Pendng aboLon of Lhe
deaLh penaLy, Lhe 0overnmenL shoud mmedaLey esLabsh a moraLorum on execuLons and
ensure rgorous compance n a deaLh penaLy cases wLh nLernaLona sLandards for far
Lra.
|RONlBl!lON Ol !OR!URE AND ORUEl, lNNUMAN OR DEORADlNO !REA!MEN! OR
|UNlSNMEN! (AR!lOlE !)
Prchibiticn cf tcrture and cther ill-treatment (Questicn 15)
Durng hs vsL Lo Jamaca n February 20T0, Lhe UN Speca RapporLeur on LorLure and
oLher crue, nhuman or degradng LreaLmenL observed a genera aLmosphere of voence and
aggresson n amosL a poce sLaLons and receved reporLs of severa cases of beaLngs for
Lhe purpose of punshmenL. He aso ponLed ouL LhaL deLenLons n poce sLaLons for a
IAMAlOA
Stlrissicr lc lle UN Ntrar Rills Ocrrillee
lr1e\: AMR J&/JJ1/ZJll Arresl, lrlerralicral Selerler ZJll
TT
proonged amounL of Lme and n condLons refecLng "a compeLe dsregard for Lhe dgnLy
of deLanees amounLed Lo nhuman and degradng LreaLmenL.
As observed by Lhe UN Speca RapporLeur on LorLure and oLher crue, nhuman or degradng
LreaLmenL, L s mperaLve LhaL Jamaca amend Ls domesLc pena aw n order Lo ncude Lhe
crme of LorLure n fu accordance wLh arLce T of Lhe ConvenLon agansL TorLure, and
ensure LhaL L s sub|ecL Lo adequaLe penaLes. Faure Lo do so w resuL n acLs of LorLure
and -LreaLmenL Lo conLnue Lo be nadequaLey processed and sancLoned.
AmnesLy InLernaLona aso consders LhaL L s crLca LhaL Lhe Jamacan auLhorLes fuy
mpemenL oLher key recommendaLons of Lhe UN Speca RapporLeur, ncudng Lo reduce
Lhe perod of poce cusLody Lo a Lme mL n ne wLh nLernaLona sLandards, Lo ensure LhaL
|usLces of Lhe peace and resdenL magsLraLes conducL reguar vsLs Lo a poce ock-ups
and Lo esLabsh accessbe and effecLve companLs mechansms n a paces of deLenLons.
The amendmenLs Lo Lhe ConsLLuLon enacLed Lhrough Lhe new CharLer of FundamenLa RghLs
and Freedoms ncude oLher purporLed "excusons Lo Lhe prohbLon of LorLure and oLher
crue, nhuman or degradng LreaLmenL or punshmenL (over and above Lhose menLoned n
reaLon Lo Lhe deaLh penaLy above). SubsecLon 8(6) sLaLes "(6) No person sha be
sub|ecLed Lo LorLure or nhuman or degradng punshmenL or oLher LreaLmenL. However,
subsecLon (7) sLaLes.
"(7) NoLhng conLaned n or done under Lhe auLhorLy of any aw sha be hed Lo be
nconssLenL wLh or n conLravenLon of subsecLon (6) Lo Lhe exLenL LhaL Lhe aw n
quesLon auLhorzes Lhe nfcLon of any descrpLon of punshmenL whch was awfu
n Jamaca mmedaLey before Lhe commencemenL of Lhe CharLer of FundamenLa
RghLs and Freedoms (ConsLLuLona AmendmenL) AcL, 20TT
SubsecLon (8) sLaLes, n addLon Lo Lhe LexL n (8)(a) menLoned above.
(8) The execuLon of a senLence of deaLh mposed afLer Lhe commencemenL of Lhe
CharLer of FundamenLa RghLs and Freedoms (ConsLLuLona AmendmenL) AcL,
20TT, on any person for an offence agansL Lhe aw of Jamaca, sha noL be hed Lo
be nconssLenL wLh, or n conLravenLon of, Lhs secLon by reason of(
.
(b) Lhe physca condLons or arrangemenLs under whch such person s deLaned
pendng Lhe execuLon of Lhe senLence by vrLue of any aw or pracLce n force
mmedaLey before Lhe commencemenL of Lhe CharLer of FundamenLa RghLs and
Freedoms (ConsLLuLona AmendmenL) AcL, 20TT.
As was submLLed under Lhe 'deaLh penaLy` headng above, for a sLaLe Lo mpose such a ega
prohbLon on Lhe capacLy of Ls courLs or oLher bodes Lo deLermne wheLher LorLure or oLher
-LreaLmenL has occurred n parLcuar cases regardess of whaL evdence or ega argumenLs
may be presenLed Lo Lhe CourL n Lhe specfc case, appears Lo be fundamenLay
ncompaLbe wLh Lhe non-derogabe and absouLe prohbLon of LorLure and oLher crue,
nhuman or degradng LreaLmenL or punshmenL n arLce 7 of Lhe ICCPR and Lhe rghL Lo a
IAMAlOA
Stlrissicr lc lle UN Ntrar Rills Ocrrillee
lr1e\: AMR J&/JJ1/ZJll Arresl, lrlerralicral Selerler ZJll
T2
remedy n arLce 2 of Lhe ICCPR.
Sexual viclence aainst wcmen and irls and dcmestic viclence (Questicns 1 and 17)
AmnesLy InLernaLona wecomes Lhe measures ndcaLed by Lhe Jamacan governmenL n Lhe
sLaLe reporL and n Lhe wrLLen response Lo Lhe sL of ssues Lo combaL gender-based voence
and supporL vcLms of sexua and domesLc voence. However, n ghL of Lhe hgh ncdence
of sexua voence agansL women and grs n Lhe sLaLe parLy AmnesLy InLernaLona consders
LhaL Lhe Jamacan governmenL shoud Lake furLher sLeps Lo fuy mpemenL Lhe
recommendaLons formuaLed durng Lhe Unversa Perodc Revew and Lo whch Jamaca
expressed Ls supporL.
TT

AmnesLy InLernaLona conLnues Lo ca on Lhe Jamacan governmenL Lo.
- wdey dssemnaLe Lhe Sexua 0ffences AcL n order Lo ensure awareness among Lhe
rghLs-hoders and effecLve appcaLon of Lhe aw by a reevanL auLhorLes
- amend Lhe Sexua 0ffences AcL n order Lo crmnase marLa rape n a
crcumsLances,
- ensure saLsfacLory nvesLgaLon and prosecuLon of cases of gender-based voence,
- aocaLe more conssLenL resources Lo Lhe Bureau of women`s Affars Lo carry ouL
awareness rasng, educaLon and prevenLon programmes,
- ensure Lhe mmedaLe esLabshmenL of more sheLers for women vcLms of physca
and sexua voence,
- ensure LhaL a reevanL governmenL deparLmenLs coecL and pubsh dsaggregaLed
daLa and sLaLsLcs on voence agansL women and grs, and
- raLfy and mpemenL Lhe 0pLona ProLoco Lo Lhe ConvenLon on Lhe EmnaLon of
DscrmnaLon agansL women (CEDAw).
RlON! !O llBER!\ AND SEOURl!\ Ol |ERSON AND !RE!MEN! Ol |ERSONS
DE|Rl\ED Ol !NElR llBER!\ (AR!lOlES 9 AND lJ)
Unlawful arrest and detenticn under emerency reulaticns (Questicn 20)
Accordng Lo nformaLon avaabe Lo AmnesLy InLernaLona more Lhan 4,000 peope,
ncudng chdren, were deLaned under emergency reguaLons durng Lhe 2-monLhs sLaLe of
emergency n 20T0. The vasL ma|orLy of Lhose deLaned were reeased wLhouL charge.
ExacL sLaLsLcs on Lhe number of peope deLaned and of Lhose charged under Lhe Emergency
Power ReguaLons have noL been reeased. Equay, deLas abouL Lhe number of peope sL
n deLenLon, Lhe engLh of Lme peope were hed, and Lhe charges broughL have noL been
made avaabe.

IAMAlOA
Stlrissicr lc lle UN Ntrar Rills Ocrrillee
lr1e\: AMR J&/JJ1/ZJll Arresl, lrlerralicral Selerler ZJll
T3
AmnesLy InLernaLona s concerned LhaL mosL of Lhe peope deLaned under emergency
reguaLons were hed wLhouL charge or Lra or effecLve access Lo a courL Lo chaenge Lher
deLenLon. The detenticn regime therecre appears tc have been inccnsistent with 1amaica's
internaticnal human rights cbligaticns. Mcre details cn /mnesty nternaticnal's ccncerns
ccncerning unlawul arrests under the emergency regulaticns and case examples can be cund
in. "1amaca A Icng rcad tc ustce?, (Index number. AMR 38/002/20TT), pages T6-20.
SubsecLons 8(3(a) and 8(T4)(T) of Lhe CharLer of FundamenLa RghLs and Freedoms
adopLed n Apr 20TT recognse Lhe rghL Lo berLy and securLy of Lhe person. AmnesLy
InLernaLona parLcuary wecomes LhaL subsecLon 8(T4)(2) expcLy provdes, among oLher
Lhngs LhaL. "Any person who s arresLed or deLaned sha have Lhe rghL. (a) Lo communcaLe
wLh and be vsLed by hs spouse, parLner or famy member, regous counseor and a
medca pracLLoner of hs choce, .(d) Lo communcaLe wLh and reLan an aLLorney aL-aw.
IL may be noLed LhaL 8(T4)(5) aso provdes LhaL "Any person deprved of hs berLy sha be
LreaLed humaney and wLh respecL for Lhe nherenL dgnLy of Lhe person.
However, provsons of Lhe CharLer aso seL ouL a sysLem apparenLy desgned Lo repace n
sLuaLons of emergency Lhe ordnary procedures for chaengng Lhe awfuness of deLenLon.
(Ths s presumaby as Lhe CourLs may noL as a maLLer of pracLce n such sLuaLons examne
Lhe subsLanLve merLs of any ndvduaI habeas corpus appcaLon, Lhough subsecLon 20(5)
provdes LhaL n respecL of emergences "The courL sha be compeLenL Lo enqure nLo and
deLermne wheLher a procamaLon or resouLon purporLng Lo have been made or passed
under Lhs secLon was made or passed for any purpose specfed n Lhs secLon or wheLher
any measures Laken pursuanL LhereLo are reasonaby |usLfed for LhaL purpose). In pace of
Lhe ordnary courLs, chaenges woud be drecLed Lo an "ndependenL and mparLa Lrbuna
whch sha be mmedaLey esLabshed pursuanL Lo aw and presded over by a person
apponLed by Lhe Chef JusLce of Jamaca from among persons quafed Lo be apponLed as a
Judge of Lhe Supreme CourL (subsecLon 8(T0)). IL does noL appear from Lhs anguage LhaL
Lhe members of Lhe Lrbuna Lsef woud be requred Lo be |udges. SecLon 8(TT) does noL
expcLy say LhaL Lhe Lrbuna has Lhe power Lo order Lhe reease of persons deLaned n such
sLuaLons Lhough L may be nLended Lo have LhaL effecL ("Lhe Lrbuna may gve drecLons Lo
Lhe auLhorLy by whom such deLenLon or resLrcLon was ordered concernng Lhe conLnued
deLenLon or resLrcLon of movemenL of LhaL person and Lhe auLhorLy sha acL n accordance
wLh such drecLons). Such measures woud be permLLed where "reasonaby |usLfabe for
Lhe purpose of deang wLh Lhe sLuaLon LhaL exsLs durng a perod of pubc emergency or
pubc dsasLer. "Perod of pubc emergency s defned, and Lhe makng of such
procamaLons reguaLed, by secLon 20.
AmnesLy InLernaLona remans concerned LhaL Lhe scheme conLempaLed by Lhe CharLer of
FundamenLa RghLs and Freedoms for Lhs subsLLuLe sysLem of deLenLon revew fas shorL of
whaL s requred by Lhe CovenanL. The CommLLee has ndcaLed LhaL arLce 9(4) n whoe or
n parL s non-derogabe, yeL Lhe scheme seL ouL n Lhe CharLer conLempaLes a body LhaL fas
we shorL of meeLng Lhe characLersLcs of a courL (as for nsLance descrbed by Lhe
CommLLee n 0enera CommenL no 32), and whose power Lo order reease Lhe CommLLee
shoud, aL mnmum, requesL Lhe governmenL expcLy Lo confrm.

IAMAlOA
Stlrissicr lc lle UN Ntrar Rills Ocrrillee
lr1e\: AMR J&/JJ1/ZJll Arresl, lrlerralicral Selerler ZJll
T4
Children in custcdy (Questicns 24 and 25)
/mnesty nternaticnal welccmes the impcrtant steps being taken by the 1amaican gcvernment tc
imprcve adherence tc internaticnal human rights standards in terms c children in ccnlict with
the law (as indicated in the wrLLen repes Lo Lhe sL of ssues submitted by the 1amaica
gcvernment).
Hcwever, ecrts c the 1amaican authcrities need tc be sustained, in crder tc ensure, amcng
cthers, that: children in need c care and prctecticn are nc lcnger held tcgether with thcse in
ccnlict with the law, children are nct held tcgether with adults, which acccrding tc the
incrmaticn repcrted tc /mnesty nternaticnal is still cten the case in pclice lcck-ups, and that,
juvenile cenders receive a treatment apprcpriate tc their age and legal status.



|N0N0!|S

T
See J-FLA0 Press reeases, "L0BT Jamacans & Aes SLand for Toerance, T7 June 20TT and
"Homophobc \oence on Lhe Increase n Jamaca, 7 Juy 20TT, boLh avaabe aL hLLp.//www.|fag.org/
2
0n 23 May, severa poce sLaLons were aLLacked by gunmen, Lwo were burned. The poce reporLed
LhaL offcers removng barrcades erecLed on ma|or roads n wesL KngsLon were fred upon. Two poce
offcers were ked n Lhe communLy of MounLan \ew durng Lhe nghL. There were reporLs LhaL heavy
armed men were mannng roadbocks nLo Lhe Tvo 0ardens communLy and LhaL oLhers were posLoned
on Lhe Lop of budngs n Lhe area.
3
The Pubc Defender s a commsson of ParamenL, esLabshed by Lhe Pubc Defender (InLerm) AcL,
T999. The Pubc Defender s apponLed by Lhe 0overnor 0enera afLer consuLaLon wLh Lhe Prme
MnsLer and Lhe Leader of Lhe 0pposLon. The Pubc Defender s responsbe for nvesLgaLng cases
where an ndvdua or a group of peope mghL have suffered an n|usLce as a resuL of any acLon Laken
by an auLhorLy or an offcer or member of an auLhorLy n Lhe exercse of Lhe admnsLraLve funcLons of
LhaL auLhorLy. The Pubc Defender s aso mandaLed Lo nvesLgaLe cases where Lhere s suspcon LhaL
someone has suffered, s sufferng or s key Lo suffer an nfrngemenL of hs/her consLLuLona rghLs as
a resuL of any acLon Laken by an auLhorLy or an offcer or member of LhaL auLhorLy.
4
Durng Lhe UPR of Jamaca whch Look pace n November 20T0, Lhe governmenL re|ecLed a
recommendaLon formuaLed by Lhe UnLed Kngdom Lo "EsLabsh an ndependenL commsson of nqury
nLo Lhe evenLs surroundng Lhe Tvo 0ardens ncdenL n May 20T0 (UN DocumenL
A/HRC/w0.6/9/L.T2, paragraph T00.T7).
5
1amaca Cbserver, "PM says no decson on Tvo enqury before Pubc defender`s reporL, 24
February 20TT.
6
See F1F News, "Shaw defends Lrpng INDEC0M budgeL, T9 Apr 20TT. The INDEC0M CorporaLe
Pan 20TT-20T4 foresees LhaL Lhe Commsson shoud be resourced wLh T38 sLaff responsbe for
mpemenLng case managemenL pans, conducLng nvesLgaLons, assessng companLs, crme scene
nvesLgaLons and crme scene forensc examnaLons. The Pan aso foresees Lhe engagemenL of
experenced overseas foregn nvesLgaLors for a perod of fve years n order Lo facLaLe capacLy budng
of naLona nvesLgaLors and Lhe mpemenLaLon of a Lranng programme for oca nvesLgaLve sLaff.
Among Lhe LargeLs seL ouL n Lhe Pan are. a) Lo commence nvesLgaLons wLhn Lwo hours of reporL, b) Lo
compeLe nvesLgaLons of genera companLs wLhn 30 days and of ma|or companLs wLhn 60 days,
and c) Lo nform compananLs abouL Lhe sLaLus of Lhe nvesLgaLon every T5 days.
7
PresenLaLon of MnsLer of JusLce, SLaLe of NaLon debaLe, 2009.
8
DeveopmenL of Lhe sLraLegy s poLed by Lhe MnsLry of NaLona SecurLy. IL s reporLed n Lhe
Foreword of Lhe drafL sLraLegy LhaL L "represenLs an nLegraLon of over 50 consuLaLons from pubc and
prvaLe secLor bodes, cv soceLy, N00s, nLernaLona deveopmenL parLners, and resdenLs from Lhe
parshes of KngsLon and SL. Andrew, SL. CaLherne, Carendon and SL. James.
9
SLakehoders consuLed for Lhe formuaLon of Lhe sLraLegy agreed on Lhe foowng defnLon of crme
prevenLon and communLy safeLy. "prevenLng, reducng or conLanng Lhe soca, envronmenLa and
nLmdaLory facLors whch affecL peope's rghL Lo ve wLhouL fear of voence and crme and whch



mpacL upon Lher quaLy of fe, and ncudes prevenLve measures LhaL conLrbuLe Lo voence and crme
reducLon and Lacke anL-soca behavour."
T0
PraLL and Morgan v Lhe ALLorney 0enera of Jamaca, lT993) UKPC T, lT994) 2 A.C. T (appea Laken
from Jam.).
TT
UN documenL A/HRC/T6/T4, paragraphes 98.T3-98.T6 and 99.26-99.30.