The effects of water pollution

Mohamad amier asyraf bin zainuddin 2 gamma 11-130 980107035999 Mrsm kuala krai

Definition
Water pollution is the contamination of water bodies such as lakes, rivers, oceans, and groundwater caused by human activities, which can be harmful to organisms and plants which live in these water bodies.

Effects on living things

The effects of pollution on living things are wide-raging and many. The effects of water pollution in Malaysia can be seen since the first time the history recorded. Hence Waterborne disease The term "waterborne disease" is reserved largely for infections that predominantly are transmitted through contact with or consumption of infected water. Trivially, many infections might be transmitted by microbes or parasites that accidentally, possibly as a result of exceptional circumstances, had got into water, but the fact that there might be an occasional freak infection does not mean that it is useful to categorise the resulting disease as "waterborne". Nor is it common practice to refer diseases such as malaria as "waterborne" just because mosquitoes have aquatic phases in their life cycles, or because treating the water they inhabit happens to be an effective strategy in control of the mosquitoes that are the vectors.

Protozoal Infections
Disease and Transmission Microbial Agent Sources of Agent in Water Supply Sewage, non-treated drinking water, flies in water supply General Symptoms Abdominal discomfort, fatigue, weight loss, diarrhea, bloating, fever

Protozoan Amoebiasis (hand- (Entamoeba to-mouth) histolytica) (Cystlike appearance) Cryptosporidiosis Protozoan

Collects on water filters and Flu-like symptoms, watery

(oral)

membranes that cannot be diarrhea, loss of appetite, disinfected, animal manure, substantial loss of weight, seasonal runoff of water. bloating, increased gas, nausea Protozoan parasite cramps, nausea, vomiting, Sewage, non-treated Cyclosporiasis (Cyclospora muscle aches, fever, and drinking water cayetanensis) fatigue Untreated water, poor disinfection, pipe breaks, leaks, groundwater Protozoan (Giardia contamination, Giardiasis (fecalDiarrhea, abdominal lamblia) Most campgrounds where humans oral) (hand-todiscomfort, bloating, and common intestinal and wildlife use same mouth) flatulence parasite source of water. Beavers and muskrats create ponds that act as reservoirs for Giardia. The genera of Protozoan phylum Encephalitozoon intestinalis Diarrhea and wasting in (Microsporidia), but Microsporidiosis has been detected in immunocompromised closely related to groundwater, the origin of individuals.. fungi drinking water [5]

(Cryptosporidium parvum)

Bacterial Infections
Disease and Transmission Microbial Agent Clostridium botulinum Sources of Agent in Water Supply Bacteria can enter an open wound from contaminated water sources. Can enter the gastrointestinal tract by consuming contaminated General Symptoms Dry mouth, blurred and/or double vision, difficulty swallowing, muscle weakness, difficulty breathing, slurred speech,

Botulism

drinking water or (more commonly) food Most commonly caused by Drinking water Campylobacteriosis Campylobacter contaminated with feces jejuni

Cholera

Spread by the Drinking water bacterium Vibrio contaminated with the cholerae bacterium

E. coli Infection

Certain strains of Escherichia coli Water contaminated with (commonly E. the bacteria coli)

vomiting and sometimes diarrhea. Death is usually caused by respiratory failure. Produces dysentery like symptoms along with a high fever. Usually lasts 210 days. In severe forms it is known to be one of the most rapidly fatal illnesses known. Symptoms include very watery diarrhea, nausea, cramps, nosebleed, rapid pulse, vomiting, and hypovolemic shock (in severe cases), at which point death can occur in 1218 hours. Mostly diarrhea. Can cause death in immunocompromised individuals, the very young, and the elderly due to dehydration from prolonged illness.

M. marinum infection

Naturally occurs in water, Symptoms include lesions most cases from exposure in typically located on the swimming pools or more elbows, knees, and feet Mycobacterium frequently aquariums; rare (from swimming pools) or marinum infection since it mostly lesions on the hands infects (aquariums). Lesions may be immunocompromised painless or painful. individuals

Ways to control water pollution

It is a very rigid to conserve and preserve our water quality. But, we could use our little effort by:

Control water pollution in your home by using non-toxic soaps, detergents and cleaning products. Refrain from the use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides on your lawn and gardens.

Always dispose of paints, motor oil, gasoline, antifreeze and other harmful chemicals in accordance with your local laws and safety regulations.

Protect groundwater, which is critical for drinking water, irrigation systems and natural ecosystems. If you are using chemicals that may be harmful to the environment, store them correctly. Improperly stored chemicals can slowly seep into the groundwater system, so keep them in tightly sealed containers, inside of structures with cement floors, to avoid groundwater contamination. Prevent polluted runoff and soil erosion. Polluted runoff is caused when rain washes toxic pollutants into surface waters from sources that include city streets, farms, or logging and mining sites. Plant bushes and trees along roads and natural water sources. The roots of trees and bushes can slow the speed of runoff and erosion, protecting surface water.

Ways to conserve and preserve water quality

Stack and run a full dishwasher. Wash dishes by hand and use the sink to both wash and rinse dishes. Install low flow shower heads (these can be very affordable) and low water use toilets (a more long-term investment). Shower instead of taking baths. When brushing your teeth, run water only to rinse the brush, and turn the water off while brushing. Wash your car at car washes, as opposed to doing it with a garden hose.