SAIE 1735

SEC GC GENERAL CIVIL SPECIFICATIONS

GC 16 ROADS AND PAVEMENTS

1 GENERAL

This sub section applies to bituminous roads and pavement as well as concrete pavements and hard standings. For earth work and concrete work required for the performance of the works under this sub section the Technical Specifications of the sub section Earth Work and sub section Concrete and Reinforced Concrete applies.
2 STANDARDS

Unless otherwise specified the relevant specification of the American Association of Highway Officials (AASHO) shall be applied to the works covered by this sub-section.
3 MATERIALS

For concrete pavement, all materials shall comply with the relevant clauses of sub-section Concrete and Reinforced Concrete. For bituminous roads and pavement, all materials shall comply with the relevant specification of (AASHO). Unless otherwise specified the type of bitumen will be determined by the contractor to achieve the required quality subject to the Engineers approval.
4 4.1 EXECUTION OF WORK Bituminous Roads and Pavements

4.1.1

Subgrade

Prior to receiving the subbase both for bituminous as well as for concrete roads, subgrade shall be graded to lines and levels and compacted as specified or shown in the approved drawings. Tolerance in lines and levels should not exceed 3 cm. The surface shall be shaped similarly to the finished surface of the road. The subgrade material, compaction and testing shall be in accordance with sub-section Earth work and as directed by the Engineer. 4.1.2 Subbase The subbase shall be placed in layers not exceeding 10cm up to a thickness as sown on the approved drawings. The layers shall be constructed of selected material for good cohesion characteristics and be properly compacted to an extent not less than specified or directed by the Engineer. Layers shall be watered to optimum moisture content and rolled with a 10-12 ton rubber tired roller to the required compaction grade. The subbase shall, where possible, be placed by a mechanical spreader or approved type and care shall be taken to ensure that no segregation occurs. Loads of material shall be dumped
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outside the area on which it is spread. The layers compacted shall show no or only slight movement under a roller or vibrating roller. Prior to placing the bituminous base course, a prime coat shall be spread on the subbase. 4.1.3 Prime Coat After testing and acceptance of sub-base course, prime coat of liquid asphalt shall be applied prior to the application of bituminous base course. Immediately before applying the prime coat, all loose, dirt earth and all other unsuitable materials shall be removed. Priming shall not be permitted when there is free water on surface. Liquid asphalt shall be of medium-cured cutback asphalt type MC-70 in accordance with ASTM D 2027. The application rate shall be not less than 1.5 kg per square meter sprayed area. The prime coat shall neither be applied when weather temperature is less 13C nor during rain or fog or dust storms. 4.1.4 Bituminous Base Course The bituminous base course shall be placed in one or two layers as specified or directed by the Engineer, in which the thickness of each layer shall be 5 cm and 3 cm respectively (total thickness 8cm). Placing of bituminous base course and wearing course shall be executed only by finishers of approved quality. The bituminous base course shall be a hot-mixed bituminous concrete to ASTM D 3515 and laid hot on a well-prepared surface and in conformity with the lines, grades, thicknesses and typical cross-sections as approved by the Engineer. The aggregates for bituminous base course shall be to ASTM D 692 crushed gravel (18 mm to 2mm), filler and sand (2mm to 0.075mm). Bitumen content shall be 4.5 to 6.5 percentage by weight of the total aggregates. The gradation of aggregate shall be proposed by the Contractor and approved by the Engineer. Spreading of bituminous courses shall not be permitted during rain, fog, dust-storms or other unsuitable weather. Delivery of material shall be at a uniform rate and in an amount within the capacity of the paving and compacting equipment. Prior to placing any subsequent bituminous course, every complete course shall be tested. The Contractor shall cut samples from each completed asphalt course during the progress of the work. Compacted samples shall be taken by coring for testing. Samples shall be taken out of the asphalt mix for the full depth of the course from the location directed by the Engineer at a rate of not less than one sample per 50 meter run of road or 300 square meters of paving, whichever is less. Whenever deficiencies are noted in loose mix samples, the Engineer may direct the taking of additional cores in order to define the area of pavement involved.

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4.1.5

Tack Coat

To provide bond between bituminous base course and wearing surface, a tack coat of diluted emulsified asphalt shall be applied on the surface of the bituminous base course to the full width of the road. Emulsified asphalt shall conform to the requirement of ASTM D 977. The diluted emulsion shall be applied at a rate 0.75 kgs per square meter. 4.1.6 Wearing Course The wearing course shall be placed in one layer of a thickness 3cm. The seams of the various courses and layers shall be sufficiently staggered against each other. On the wearing course, the seams shall be executed straight. Aggregate for wearing course shall be crushed gravel (8.0 mm to 2.0mm), filler and sand (2.0mm to 0.07mm) bitumen content shall be from 5 to 7.5 percent by weight of the aggregates.
4.2 Pavements with Concrete Surfacing

The Contractor shall construct roads and hard standings with concrete surfacing as shown on the approved drawing or as directed by the Engineer. All roads and hard standings shall be designed to sustain heavy wheel load of SLW 60. All concrete pavement shall be reinforced. Preparation and testing of subbase shall conform to sub-section Earth Work. Reinforced concrete pavement shall conform to sub-section Concrete and Reinforced Concrete. Concrete shall be class B. The reinforced concrete surfacing shall be executed to the elevations, lines and levels proposed by the Contractor and approved by the Engineer.
4.3 Shoulders

Shoulders shall be constructed of approved materials in conformity with the lines, grades and cross sections shown on the approved drawings. Before any subgrade shall be approved, the adjacent shoulder shall be constructed to the full width and at least to the level of the finished subgrade. In all cases where subgrade rolling is required, the rolling shall be extended for the full width of the shoulder. All shoulder construction shall be done in proper sequence with and as an integral part of the base course construction or as directed by the Engineer.
4.4 Precast Concrete Curbstones

Precast concrete curbstones shall be provided to the edges of all paving and asphalted areas where specified or directed by the Engineer. The curbstone shall laid on a minimum of 40cm wide and 30cm high plain concrete class D and jointed together with (1:3) cement sand mortar as shown in tender drawings. The concrete for curbstone shall be class B.

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4.5

Foot Path

Unless otherwise specified or directed by the Engineer foot path shall be provided at both sides of roads. The sub-grade and sub-base of the foot path shall comply with the above requirements for the sub-grade and sub-base of roads. The foot path shall be paved either by bituminous pavement (proposed by the Contractor and approved by the Engineer) or by Precast concrete tiles 30x30 x5cm of concrete class B, subject of the decision of the Engineer.
5 SURFACE ACCURACY

The surface accuracy of the wearing course shall be such that there is not a gap greater than 3mm between the bottom of a 3m long test straight edge and the surface of the pavement when the straight edge is placed unsupported on the surface, anywhere in any directions, other than across the crown of a camber or across drainage channel. The surface accuracy of the base course shall be such that there is not a gap greater than 10mm when tested in the same way. The surface assurance for concrete pavement shall be within a tolerance of 10mm in 3 meters.
6 TESTS

All tests for roads and pavement shall be carried out by an approved institute, Tests shall be carried out in accordance with the relevant ASTM and (AASHO) standards as defined and directed by the Engineer.

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