Regional Dimensions in Development Planing

REGIONAL DIMENSION IN DEVELOPMENT PLANNING

Muhamad Harzan Fakultas Geografi UMS Jl. A. Yani Tromol Pos 1 Pabelan, Surakarta 57102 Telp. 081392850201 E-Mail: zazanmadzan@yahoo.co.id Abstrack The fact that each area/region have different potentials both in terms of natural resources, human resources, technology, geographycal location, social, cultural, and other things, in other words, it is influenced by the potential of an area, but not shared by other regions. This requires each region to build on a regional approach and cooperation between the regions with the principle of mutual benefit. In this regard, measures to develop regional planning not only to see the potential in the region itself, but also seen the potential in other areas. Therefore, the concept of mutually beneficial cooperation between regions should be built. In addition, in preparing perencancanaan areas also need to consider sustainable development in the interests of the people in the future.

Preliminary In development planning, a regional approach is intended to look at space utilization and interaction of various activities in the region of space so it looks different function space with one other room. Development planning is also concerned how these spaces interact with each other to be directed to the achievement of an efficient and comfortable life. Differences in function may occur because of the location, potential differences, and differences in the primary activity of each space

Regional Dimensions in Development Planing

should be directed to work together to mutually support the creation of a harmonious and balanced growth. Regional approach in the narrow sense is concerned with all the conditions of space, a through analysis of known that there are still untapped space or its use is still not optimal, and what activities should be planned to be held at that location so that the use of the space to be harmonious and efficient, and provide prosperity is optimal for society. With a regional approach will allow to view and pay attention to the potential of natural resources, human resources, technology, social, cultural, geographical location etc. of an area, then used to perform inter-regional cooperation to work together and support each other in order to benefit together as much as possible. Area should be aware that in order to develop and construct the optimal region could not have done on their own based on the potential of the region without involving the other areas. This is because each region has a different background power, both economic and cultural concerns of society, demography and geography, the front and rear areas, as well as a variety of existing access. Observations of the region's own potential and the potential for other areas can be used as a basis to develop planning measures through a regional approach. Through cooperation among local governments, will open the opportunity to address common concerns.

Results and Discussion Territory, District, Region and Spatial Development Region is defined as a surface area, inhabited by human activities interact with natural resources, capital resources, technological resources, organizational resources, and other development resources, to achieve the level of economic and social welfare for the people (Saksi Adji Adisasmita, 2011). This led to the importance of structuring and arrangement, utilization and management of the space

Regional Dimensions in Development Planing

effectively and efficiently. The concept of territory divided into administrative regions and areas of development. Administrative area is a region that has a local government boundaries set by government regulation/regulatory regions, which are grouped in provinces, districts/cities, which each have administrative capital as the seat of the regional head (governor/mayor/regent) and regional parliaments. While the development of the region that its range is not determined by the administration, but functionally defined limits, based on the interaction of human activities, natural resources, capital resources, technological resources, organizational resources and other development resources. Thus the development is not necessarily coextensive with the administration, said even smaller because some of its territory is a high mountain or deep ravine, so it is not inhabited by people and not covered by the distribution service (or services trade and transport services) as transportation facilities are not yet available. But may be larger than the area of the administration area, beyond the boundaries out further than the administration, jutting into the administrative area of the district or province that is located next door, because the land is flat, available transportation facilities that connect the two spaces are located adjacent regions, resulting in service interaksikegiatan distribution between the two populations are located in different administrative regions. Area has a notion that is often connoted by the public administration, namely provinces, districts/cities. The use of the word "area" would be associated with various terms that lead to regional administrations, such as provincial governments/districts/cities, governors/regents/mayors, regional head, the local legislative etc. Since January 1, 2001, has come up again the term autonomy. Regional autonomy, is the system of government that gives authority and power to the autonomous region (district/city) to administer and manage the area in accordance with the aspirations of the region and not in conflict with legislation in force, which aims to improve the welfare of the people in his area. The main task of local government are: (1) organized local government to effectively and efficiently, (2)

Regional Dimensions in Development Planing

provide the public with quality, fast and cheap as well as directed, and (3) implement regional development throughout the region. The area is defined as an area that has a specific function, as indicated by the presence of potential and resources owned or conditions associated with the target to be achieved. Potential and resource conditions are prominent, such as areas that have forest resources will be referred to as protected areas, fisheries into aquaculture areas, food crops into the food crops, plantation to plantation area, tourism is becoming a tourist area, the river called the region/watershed , the islands are called the cluster of islands, serve rural areas and rural or urban agropolitan serve urban areas and in larger scale into the metropolitan area. State of the resources contained in these regions show likeness or similarity of the potential or characteristics, that can be equated as the homogeneous (or homogeneous region). In addition to the development of inter-sectoral linkages are tightly knit and mutually supportive, will be further strengthened by the spatial structure of the region, namely the presence of the growth center that serves as a prime mover which is supported by the centers of local production activities are dispersed and oriented in the distribution services to the geographical center of the main drivers. Development can be said to be more operational areas to be implemented because it has a functional support elements that are reliable, namely (1) the development is to be developed is a unit area of potential development, because it has provided the potential for development of infrastructure, like roads (arterial, collector, and local) and sea ports. (2) in the center of the building there is a prime mover to the growth of the region. (3) has some advantageous commodities which of them is a strategic commodity for its contribution to the Gross Regional Domestic Product, and (4) the activities of distribution services (trade and transportation services) are supported by the availability of capital and the transportation network of transportation infrastructure. This has led to the development of the region-based approach to

Regional Dimensions in Development Planing

development which is considered as acceptable, because conceptually reliable and can be implemented.

Dimensions Variable Region Is Important in Development Planning Dimensions of the region has emerged in the decade of the 1930s and has been developed as a theory and concept development after a decade of the 1950s until now, and is used as an important variable in the analysis of development and development planning. At least there are four reasons for the importance of the dimensions of the region, which is as follows (H.W. Richardson, 1972): a. Economic landscape, explained that each development activity, should be placed in appropriate locations. Selection of the proper location means the continuity of production and service activities that do will be done effectively and efficiently. Conversely, if one of the selection of the location of production activities and services performed will experience a failure or loss. b. Optimization of meaningful activities to reach a condition as possible. In this connection the example presented, with particular budget can be used to meet the needs of food and clothing. c. d. It has been the introduction of the concept as an adjustment to the object of observation. National interests must take precedence over the integrity of the region. Means that the government give priority to national interests of each country must make a national policy to the influence from abroad, such policies encourage exports (export drive) to national exporters, policy develop infant industry, setting high cost of entry to protect domestic companies and others. In economic analysis, spatial factors and the distance factor becomes important color. Explicit consideration of the importance of spatial dimension in development planning can be expressed through five major problem areas of economic. First, it is related to the determination of the economic landscape of the

Regional Dimensions in Development Planing

dispersion of economic activity in the spatial region. Second, is related to the concept of territory in the theoretical analysis that provided the impetus for spatial planning and regional development as well as the measurement of economic activity. Third, is to analyze the interaction between both areas as the current movement of factors of production and exchange of commodities. Fourth, is the issue or the analysis of optimum balance between regions, and the fifth, which relates to the policy issues (Adisasmita, 2008). Regional economic development policy requires that a government intervention, both nationally and regionally to promote the overall development process. This is in order to accelerate regional economic growth, increasing employment and reducing poverty in areas that are still underdeveloped. Development policy is essentially determined by the decisions of government officials or decision-making authority in order to realize a condition of development or desired community, both at present and for the coming period (Sjafrizal, 2008). for regional development policy or the right areas, to set targets to be achieved; place prosperity, people prosperity or both. When the prosperity of the region as regional development, it is possible that regional economic growth will rise rapidly, driven by local conditions are better, especially the facilities and infrastructure. Investment activity will increase, encouraging more migration and employment. then the economic growth and employment are usually enjoyed by the settlers, while the local population because of lack of enjoyment of human resources quality gap. This leads to inequality in income distribution is quite high between migrants and local residents, and will give rise to envy and social tension in society. If, the public welfare the main target of regional development, the development pressures will be more focused on local development by improving the quality of human resources (education, health services and the application of appropriate technology), also increased the production activities and other economic activities, and community empowerment. The consequence is that economic growth will slow, Because

Regional Dimensions in Development Planing

improving the quality of public resources requires a longer time than the physical activity area. Then slowing economy will have implications on the stagnant incomes and give rise to dissatisfaction and political implications. At other stages, regional development policy also requires development zoning (Sjafrizal, 2008). It can be done by considering four main aspects are: 1. The similarity of conditions, problems and potential of local general economic, social and cultural (homogeneous region). 2. a close link between the areas incorporated in the construction area concerned, including trade and inter-regional mobility. 3. The similarity between the geographical characteristics of the area incorporated in the construction area (functional area). 4. Administrative territorial unity between the provinces, counties and incorporated cities within the planning area

Sustainable development Humans as a designer of environmental sustainability, the development plan also needs to consider the direction of sustainable development. Sustainability not only describes the reality of society and the environment current condition only. However, it is overlooked people in the future (Fritjof Capra, 2003). Sustainable development, as a result of the agreement which was held in Rio De Jenairo, Brazil, in June 1992 to have the environmental management plan that includes not just the individual. Nor is it only applies to a narrow area, but it binds each system and the spirit of every policy of the countries involved in the signing of this agreement. Pace of development should be controlled for if not, development is no longer as a means (instrument) to improve the welfare of the community. However, it produces damages for present and future generations.

Regional Dimensions in Development Planing

Sustainable development in devinisikan as a kind of development on the one hand refers to the utilization of natural resources and human resources optimally, and on the other and at the same time maintaining the optimum balance between the conflicting demands on those resources (Ignas Kleden, 1992). He said, there are two things at stake in sustainable development. First, the carrying capacity of resources transgenerisasi solidarity which teaches us to be fair on the future of mankind. Second, natural resources have limits. Penggunannnya will continually shrink the quality and quantity. Sustainable development strategy is an important mechanism to enhance national capabilities and bridge the stated priorities for social policy, economics and environment in a manner that narmonis. What does it mean if economic goals have to sacrifice the "fate" and the natural environment in the future? Good environment also generates a strong community. The new consciousness must appear that the development as a process should not be dark eye on the future fate of the environment. There should not dominate the other relationships between people and nature. Indeed, it must be observed and maintained a harmonious relationship between the two.

Conclusion From the description that was submitted previously, it can be concluded: 1. Dimensions of the region has a very important role in development planning, it is positioned as an important additional variable in the modeling analysis techniques. 2. Dimensions of planning with a regional approach focuses on aspects of the locations where activities are performed. Local governments have different interests with the institutions at the center of the view aspects of space in an area.

Regional Dimensions in Development Planing

3.

Development of the region per se does not recognize administrative boundaries, because it is seen as a unified functional areas as well as the unity of the interaction of various socio-economic activities of society.

4.

Human life is a central concern of sustainable development. He was raised in a productive and healthy life in a harmonious relationship with nature.

5.

Departing from the notion that the current generation of natural resource control, it should be viewed as a deposit which are inevitably passed on in good condition for future generations.

References Adisasmita, Rahardjo. 2008. Pengembangan Wilayah. Yogyakarta: Graha Ilmu. Adisasmita, Sakti Adji. 2011. Transpostasi dan Pengembangan Wilayah. Yogyakarta: Graha Ilmu. Sjafrizal. 2008. Ekonomi Regional. Padang: Baduose Media. Richardson, H.W., 1972, Regional Economic: Location Theory, Urban Structure and Regional Change, London, Weidenfeld and Nicolson. Capra, Fritjof. 2003. The hidden connection: Strategi Sistemik untuk Melawan Kapitalisme Baru. Yogyakarta: Jalasutra. Dwi Susilo, Rachmad K. 2008. Sosiologi Lingkungan. Jakarta: PT RajaGrafindo Persada.