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The government has conceded its inability to address the energy crisis that has jeopardized the countrys industrial production on the one hand and has brought misery to the masses on the other. Prime Minister Gilani has told an Energy Conference in Islamabad that the government cannot resolve the energy issue on its own while Petroleum Minister Naveed Qamar has pronounced that the government has no immediate solution at hand to stem the deepening energy challenges. It was revealed by the Prime Minister that the gap between production and demand of energy will be doubled in 15 years and unless addressed jointly by all stakeholders in the public and private sectors, the countrys development process will be in jeopardy. The Prime Minister also announced formation of the Government-Industry Council to recommend measures to tackle the challenge. That the country is faced with grave energy crisis and that there is dire need to overcome it through public-private partnership has dawned on Prime Minister Gilani now after completing three years of his power stint. He is certainly not alone to ignore this vital national issue. His predecessors have displayed equal callousness towards power generation. Its however, never too late to fall in line with the national imperatives. Whats essential is the commitment and sincerity on the part of the rulers to achieve the objective. Now that he has realized the gravity of the situation its hoped that he will personally pursue the issue in right earnest to lift the nation out of the energy impasse. The situation calls for short term as well as long term planning to boost power generation as well as to boost oil and gas production in the country. Its hoped that the Government-Industry Council, constituted by the Prime Minister, will come up with logical, practicable and public oriented proposals to overcome the challenge. The Prime Minister ought to ensure that the recommendations made by the council are expeditiously processed and implemented on war footing. Pakistan has already fallen decades behind in the construction of water reservoirs. Indecision has unfortunately marked the successive governments approach to this sector that is so vital for the economic survival of the country. Ironically, our past and present rulers lacked vision about the countrys energy needs of the country or were and are motivated by selfish designs to the detriment of the national interests.
and rural areas is simply miserable due to power outages that invariably stretch to 12 to 15 hours a day. On top of it is the Gas companies machinations to subject the industrial cities in Punjab to discriminatory cut in gas supplies from three days a week to the total stoppage seriously affecting the national productivity. The present governments tragedy is that it has a tendency of picking up quarrels with other political parties and state institutions. Instead of devoting itself to the resolution of the national issues and mitigation of public hardships, it opted to confront the Supreme Court with no rhyme or reason. The whole effort of the government is at present revolves around its bid to save President Zardaris assets abroad built allegedly through clandestine commissions and kickbacks during Benazir Bhuttos tenures in power. It also opted for political bouts with PML(N) and to wasted its precious time that could have been utilized for envisioning plans for the development of various sectors including the energy. On the contrary, the country would have benefited a lot from a cooperative and supporting relationship between the two major national political parties. Its hoped that Prime Minister Gilani will not waste any more time in frivolous pursuits and devote himself to the resolution of issues such as electricity shortage, unemployment, poverty and high cost of living.
Sector Organization:
The electric power sector in Pakistan is operated by the Water and Power Development Authority (WAPDA), and the Karachi Electricity Supply Corporation (KESC), with additional generation contribution from Independent (private) Power Producers (IPPs). WAPDA is responsible for supplying power to all of Pakistan, with the exception of Karachi, which is supplied by KESC. Currently, 15 IPPs operate in Pakistan under a Build-Own-Operate (BOO) basis. The National Electric Power Regulatory Authority (NEPRA) regulates the power sector in Pakistan, which includes power generation, transmission and distribution. NEPRA is also responsible for determining electricity rates in Pakistan.
Consumption of Electricity:
The survey said household sector has been the largest consumer of electricity accounting for 44.2 per cent of total electricity consumption followed by industries 31.1 per cent, agriculture 14.3 per cent, other government sector 7.4 per cent, commercial 5.5 per cent and street light 0.7 per cent. As per Pakistan Economic Survey 2010-11, electricity consumption has increased by 8.6 per cent during first three-quarter of last fiscal year. However, a top level WAPDA official maintained that electricity demand surged up to 13 per cent during last quarter.
The country needs a quantum jump in electricity generation in medium-term scenario to revert the possibilities of load-shedding in future due to shrinking gap between demand and supply of electricity at peak hours. According to an official report, the gap between firm supply and peak hours demand has already been shrunk to three digit (440 MW) during this fiscal and will slip into negative columns next year (-441 MW) and further intensify to (-1,457 MW) during the financial year 2011-12. No power generation projects were commissioned during this fiscal year and the total installed capacity of electricity generation remained 19,478 MW to meet 15,082 MW firm supply and 14,642 MW peak demands. Malakand-lll (81MW), Pehur (18MW) and combined cycle power plant at Faisalabad (450MW) were planned to be commissioned during the year 2007. Besides this, Khan Khwar (72MW), Allai Khwar (121MW), Duber Khwar (130MW) and Kayal Khwar (130MW) are expected to be completed in 2008 along with Golan Gol (106MW) and Jinnah (96MW). Moreover, Matiltan (84MW), New Bong Escape (79MW) and Rajdhani (132MW) are expected by 2009 while Taunsa (120MW) is likely to be completed by 2010. WAPDA had also planned to install a high efficiency combined cycle power plant at Baloki (450MW), which is expected to be completed by 2010. In addition of these, power plant 1 & 2 of 300 MW each at Thar Coal with the assistance of China are also planned for commissioning in 2009. Moreover, efforts are also under way with China National Nuclear Corporation for the construction of a third nuclear power plant with a gross capacity of 325 MW at Chashma, they added. Meanwhile, provincial rivalries and widespread public opposition have significantly slowed the governments plans to build dams capable of generating electricity. Many Pakistanis argue that large hydroelectric projects should be a last resort, after low-cost energy conservation measures have been fully utilised.
largest, and the government intends to increase the share of coal in the overall energy mix from 7 to 18 percent by 2018 a course that may make sense from an energy standpoint, but which carries troubling environmental implications. Nuclear power at this point accounts for barely one percent of Pakistans energy consumption. The government has announced plans to develop a generating capability of 8,800 megawatts (MW) of nuclear energy by 2020, compared to the countrys current output of less than 450 MW. But this goal is unlikely to bereached unless Islamabad is able to persuade the United States and other western countries to help it develop civilian nuclear technology, an idea certain to meet with resistance in the West. Nonetheless, renewable energy labours under severe handicaps in competing with conventional energy hidden subsidies that allow for lower conventional energy generation costs, for example, and policies that permit conventional energy to disregard the costs of the pollution it creates when pricing power. Unless renewable energy is given a level playing field, a major expansion of renewable energy generation is unlikely, and the governments goal of 10 percent by 2015 will not be met. Rural areas across India, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, and Nepal have all implemented successful clean and renewable energy initiatives. Bangladesh, for instance, has experienced considerable success with solar home systems financed through micro-financing. Pakistans neighbours have something to teach Pakistan, if only it will listen. But solemn promises and soaring rhetoric will not do the job. Preparing for Pakistans energy needs over the next quarter century will require long-term vision, a national commitment widely shared among the countrys political and business leaders, inspired leadership sustained from one government to the next, and most of all, political will to make and carry out difficult choices. Pakistan the country, not just the government of the day needs to decide that muddling through is not enough. Pakistan, as a country, has to get serious about creating an energy strategy, and then and this is the hard part about implementing it.
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Insulation of buildings roofs, walls, pipes and ducts. Use of glazed glass at building facades Use of energy efficient materials in buildings Use of high efficiency motors, pumps and controllers Use of Variable Frequency Drives (VFDs) Replacement of conventional heating & cooling by solar water heating & cooling Replacement of electro-magnetic ballast by electronic ballasts Replacement of conventional lighting by LED and Solar Lighting Installation of automatic shut off of lighting Installation of occupancy sensors Installation of exterior lighting controls
Pakistan Engineering Council and ENERCON have made joint efforts to conclude the Building Energy Code 2010 through a task force consisting of experts from various sectors and Izhar Group also contributed in this endeavor but without legislation and its implementation, we cannot achieve energy saving targets. There is a need for quick enforcement of the Building Energy code 2010 so that national energy saving targets can be achieved.
Solar Thermal is the process of generating heating cooling through solar radiations. Solar Water Heaters are very economical and feasible option for use in domestic, commercial, industrial and institutional facilities. The barrier to the growth of application of solar water heating is the lack of knowledge, skills for installation, operation and use of solar water heaters. The users behavior and wrong perceptions is also one of the main barriers in its growth. The growth of the solar water heaters can be increased by creating more incentives by the government and making it mandatory through Building Energy Code to install solar water heaters in all kinds of facilities. The payback of solar water solution varies from one to two years.
SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAICS
Solar Photovoltaic is the process of generation of electricity through solar radiations. It is commonly called as PV. PV components include Solar Panels, Inverters and Charge Controllers, Deep Cycle Batteries, Mountings, cables and accessories. Solar PV solution is not affordable and feasible as the current price of PV solution is $8 per watt. This high cost is because of 40% duties on PV Components. The recent news in media about zero duty shows that Government has reduced duties to zero but one time zero duty needs more clarification by the Government. If the news of zero duty for all times is correct, this will spur growth in PV sector and this can help in saving energy. Grid Tied is process by which the electricity can be sold back by user to the grid at fixed feed-in-tariff and when electricity is sold back, the energy meter moves in reverse direction. Grid-Tied policy implementation is the real solution to overcome energy crisis in Pakistan. Alternate and Renewable Energy Policy 2010 is almost ready and in last Women to Energy Conference at PEC, it was told by AEDB that this policy will be enforced in January 2011 but so far this policy is also prey to vested interests. This policy can bring revolution in Pakistan if truly implemented.
WIND POWER
Wind Power is relatively a cheaper alternate energy solution and Pakistan has great potential in wind power. The barrier in its growth is the lengthy process of acquisition of land and coordination issues of wind power developers with the Government Institutions. Implementation of AE and RE policy 2010 can be instrumental in its fast growth of wind power.