Smart Card Based Prepaid Electronic Energy Meter

Chapter 5 TESTING
Testing of various blocks of the whole circuit

5.1 Testing of power supply

The power supply is tested by connecting a resistive .it draws 100mA and the voltage across the load was found out to be constant 5v,3v.

5.2 Testing of energy measuring circuit

Energy chip circuit used for calculating energy was tested. It was found to provide energy pulses at desired interval; along with this it provides various other signals such as LED output and ELT indication.

The circuit was tested taking three different loads

DOEACC CENTRE, AURANAGABAD

104

Smart Card Based Prepaid Electronic Energy Meter

LOAD 200W BULB 100 W BULB 10W BULB

ACTUAL POWER CONSUMED

TIME REQUIRED FOR 0.01 Kwh

TIME TAKEN FOR 0.01 Kwh

166.5 W 90.5 W 11W

216.2 Sec 397.7 Sec 54.32 Min

215 Sec 394 Sec 53 Min

Table 5.1 Load Testing

5.3 Testing of microcontroller circuit

Microcontroller and its associated circuit were tested. It was found to take input pulses from energy measuring unit. It processes the read out and shows on LCD. It communicated with smart card when it is inserted and read the units and modified accordingly. Along with it updated the smart card.

5.4 Testing of LCDlcd

The LCD displays the PRESENT UNIT, BALANCE UNIT, TIME, DATE and various written messages if the mains switched off also on power backup with battery.

5.5 Testing of smart card unit

The smart card unit was found to communicate with the microcontroller properly. After it was inserted the stored units was emptied and it was loaded with meter number and date and time of use.

5.6 Testing of various alarms

The alarms which consist of three LEDs and a buzzer were found to be activated at proper time.

5.7 Testing of real time clock

The real time clock shows the time and date with stamping meter number.
DOEACC CENTRE, AURANAGABAD

105

Smart Card Based Prepaid Electronic Energy Meter

5.8 Testing of serial EEPROM

The serial EEPROM found to contain the data that are stored before power failure, so that meter starts from the previous condition.

5.9 Testing Of Load Connection /Disconnection Unit

The load connection and disconnection unit which consist of solid state relay ,connected load to supply after inserting smart card and disconnected when balance became zero.

5.10 Results
Comparison of part# wise components power consumption of meter from Mr. Rajesh and Mr. Prasanna calculated by Prasanna
By Mr. Rajesh Part# Current consumption Voltage consumption Power consumption By Mr. Prasanna Part# Current consumption Voltage consumption Power 1.2mW 21mW 50mW 250mW consumption

Component

Micro controller RTC EEPROM ENERGY Chip Display

PIC 16F877 DS1307 AT4202A SA2007P 24x4LCD +driving

25mA 15mA 10mA 10mA 28mA+ 5mA=3

5V 5V 5V 5V 5V

125mW 75mW 25mW 50mW 140mW+ 25mW= 165mW MSP 430 FE42X SBLCD AX

0.4mA

3V

Built in micro controller it self 7mA (Drive by c). 3V

Back light 3mA by c Not required SR90 Reader/w

Line driver Smart Card reader/writer

50mA

5V

250mW

MAX23 3EPP ACR30 SP

10mA 50mA

5V 5V

DOEACC CENTRE, AURANAGABAD

106

Smart Card Based Prepaid Electronic Energy Meter

& card type

riter, SLE4442

Reader/ writer, SLE 4442 Solid State 7805+ TPS77 82.4mA 200mA 83mA 030 1000:1 6-0-6

Relay Voltage regulator Current transformer Potential transformer

Solid State 7805

15mA 158mA

5V 2V

75mW 316mW

15mA

5V 2V 1V 1V 6V

75mW 247.2m W 200mVA 498mW

1000:1 9-0-9 Used here for voltage sensing + power supply to

components.

200mA 160mA

1V 9V

200mVA 1.42W

Passive components Total 360mA 47V

0.4W 3.1W 365.4mA 31V

0.1W 1.22W

Comparison of power consumption by previous batch

Theoretical Practical
By Rajesh 3.1Watt. By Prasanna 1.22Watt. 1.28Watt

DOEACC CENTRE, AURANAGABAD

107

Smart Card Based Prepaid Electronic Energy Meter

Chapter 6 CONCLUSIONS
6.1 Contribution
Contribution of Prasanna Kumar Overview mentioned in below table
Sr. Contribution No 1. Internet survey different energy chips available in market 2. Selected components operate on low power consumption, suitable for energy meter application. Outcome in brief Status

3. Comparison and Verification

work done for reduction of power consumption of energy meter by Mr. Rajesh theoretically and practically of energy meter

AS8267 chip=Atmel 8051+DSP,AVR465 for more Complet information refer data sheets of energy chips, ed Smart card security aspects, AES Utility Part# MSP430FE427X(X=A,2),SBLCDA4, PT of 6-0-6, Solid state Relay chassis Selected because of it has more memory compare to FE423 in c Completed but I used in application MSP430FE427 which has same as FE427X, SBLCDA2 because of market availability, Soft Baugh part#DE427 Energy Meter Application reference board. Reduced power consumption of energy meter Completed from Rajesh batch. Mr.Prasanna developed meter power consumption Theoretically-1.22W ,Practically-1.28W

4. Smart Card Reader/writer interfacing its testing. PCs com port by using RS232 protocol. Implementation Security Access to smart card.

Smart Card reader hardware connection and tested smart card functions. 3-byte reference, card balance set to zero after updating and check the memory value.

Completed. Completed

DOEACC CENTRE, AURANAGABAD

108

Smart Card Based Prepaid Electronic Energy Meter

5.

Energy

code Calibration, LCD display, Frequency locked loop, Port function, UART communication, SMART development Using IAR CARD Reader/Writer. Embedded Work Bench

meter

Completed

IDE for MSP430 c. 6. Provide communication Through AES (Access Easy Controller Software) port so that data can be Utility for Data Base retrieved through pc whenever necessary through software with online monitoring aspects.

Completed

DOEACC CENTRE, AURANAGABAD

109

Smart Card Based Prepaid Electronic Energy Meter

Chapter 7 FUTURE SCOPE OF WORK

7.1 Suggestion for future work The prepaid meter can be designed to display various parameters Such as V RMS , IRMS, and Instantaneous Power. The meters to be made more tamper proof and intelligent so that the utility company can have every information of each consumer meter. Automatic Meter Reading (AMR) The present meter can be modified to incorporate AMR feature. In Automatic meter reading the every consumer meter can be connected to a centralized system over either power line communication or mobile link. In this system each and every parameter of the energy meter can be monitored on line and charging of meters can also be done online. Tampering of meter can be immediately tracked by the utility company. The present prepaid meter has an energy chip and microcontroller. As a further step these two units can be put into a single chip using VLSI which will reduce the cost of the meter. To implements bellow security aspects authentication S/w must be capable to differentiate between system conditions and actual tampers Now a day microcontroller which is available in soc can be used for the communication like RF radio frequency communication can be used for remote metering purpose. Demand measurement. Demand: average power required during a defined time, normally called
Period (DIP)
DOEACC CENTRE, AURANAGABAD

Demand Integration

110

Smart Card Based Prepaid Electronic Energy Meter

Rising demand:
Average Demand =Energy consumed in Demand Integration Period/ Demand Period time (in hours) Rising Demand at elapsed time t1=Energy consumed in time t1/DIPtime (in hours) Integration

The present prepaid meter has an energy chip and microcontroller. As a further step these two units can be put into a single chip using VLSI which will reduce the cost of the meter.

Now a day microcontroller which is available in soc can be used for the communication like RF radio frequency communication can be used for remote metering purpose.

Components and Work Status: Microcontroller and its supported soft wares and code developed in function wise, peripheral Components used by different batches:
Components Mr.Pratip Kumar Parida 2003/M/09.
Micro Controller (c)-chip EEPROM Energy measurement PIC 16F877 5V i/p supply AT24C020A SA2007P MSP430FE423 (System on chip), This c contains peripherals of EEPROM, Energy measurement chip, ADC, MSP430FE427 (System on chip), This c contains peripherals of EEPROM, Energy measurement chip, ADC, UART

Mr. Pandurang Awate 2006/M/06.

Mr.V. Prasanna Kumar 2007/M/04.

DOEACC CENTRE, AURANAGABAD

111

Smart Card Based Prepaid Electronic Energy Meter

chip RTC DS1307 Real Time Clock 20X4 static Ability to display numbers, characters and graphics. which are limited to numbers and few characters. More power consumption it takes because of this is contrast to LEDs it is driven by external power supply of 5Volts,in case of Rajesh 24X4 LCD Not required because he didnt use serial port.

UART, Real Time Controller, Display driver, 3Volts i/p supply, 8KB Flash, 256B RAM.

Real Time Controller, Display driver, 3Volts i/p supply, 32KB Flash, 1024B RAM. SBLCDA2 Ability to display numbers, characters and segments which includes special symbols like Antenna signal strength in real time, Progress bar for convenient user feedback, Battery power back-up, which takes less power consumption because of it is driven by 3Volts from c.[now another display came in the market which contain addition of above mentioned features +multifunctional display( Tx, Rx, Messages) with reducing the cost of $1.9 compares to SBLCDA2] MAX233EPP used, It drives maximum 2 RS232 connections for USART communication, Database With out additional Analog circuit. 1000:1 6-0-6 7805,TPS77033 ACR30SP smart card reader/writer SLE4442 Smart card.

Liquid Crystal Display

Not Used

Line driver

MAX232 used, It drives one RS232 connection is used for USART communication Without additional Analog circuit. 1000:1 9-0-9 Used external power supply. Not used

Current transformer Voltage transformer Voltage Regulator Smartcard reader/writer

1000:1 9-0-9 7805 SR90 smart card reader/writer with SLE4442 Smart card Single phase Solid state relay JDA48100 Not used. Capacitors, resistors, transistors, switches, Diodes, Inductors, zener diodes, Crystals-32.768hz, various alarms (Blinking of LEDs, buzzer).

Relay Battery Passive components

Not used. Not used. Capacitors, resistors, Crystals-32.768hz, COM port, JTAG.

Single phase Solid state relay JDA48100 2 batteries of 3Volts. Capacitors, resistors, transistors, switches, Diodes, zener diodes, Inductors, Crystals-32.768hz COM port, JTAG, various alarms (Blinking of LEDs, buzzer).

DOEACC CENTRE, AURANAGABAD

112

Smart Card Based Prepaid Electronic Energy Meter

Soft wares used.

Micro chip IDE(Integrated development environment) Energy calculations, Display code messages, Date and time in offline

IAR Embedded work Bench for MSP 430 (IDE), PCs Hyper terminal. Energy calculations, Display at hyper terminal messages,RTC, Date and time in real time.

Function wise code Development

IAR Embedded work Bench for MSP 430(IDE), Data logger for RS232 terminal for card reader, AES Utility (Access Easy Control software) for Data base Calibration, LCD display, Frequency locked loop, Port function, UART communication, SMART CARD Reader/Writer, Date and time in real time.

BIBLIOGRAPHY
References:
1 Albert D. Helfrick & William D. Cooper, Modern Electronic Instrumentation and Measurement Techniques, Prentice Hall of India Pvt Ltd. 2 A. K. Sawhney, Electrical and Electronics Measurement and Instrumentation
DOEACC CENTRE, AURANAGABAD

113

Smart Card Based Prepaid Electronic Energy Meter

3 4

N.C. Goyal & R. K. Khetan, A monograph on Electronics Design Khanna publishers.

Principles,

A Text book of Electrical Technology, by B. L. Thereja and A.L. Thereja , S.Chand Publishers.

5 Embedded Systems, by Raj Kamal. 6 Smart Cards Today Magazine. 7 Texas instruments Data Sheets MSP430F4XX Family user guide-SLAU056g. MSP430FE42X ESP430CE1 peripheral module Users guide slau134b. MSP430FE427X Implementing an Electronic Watt-Hour Meter with the MSP430FE42x Devices application report slaa203c. Interfacing an EEPROM to the MSP430 I2C Module application reportslaa208 Implementing a Real-Time Clock on the MSP430-slaa076A MSP430 32-kHz Crystal Oscillators-SLAA322 Software I2C Slave Using the MSP430-SLAA330 8. ACRSP30 Smart card Reader/Writer reference Manual. 9. Soft Baugh(SB) LCDA2,LCDA4 Datasheets 9. SLE 4442 card datasheet. 10 www.efy.com 11 www.microchip.com 12 www.analog.com 13 www.beeindia.com 14 www.metering.com 15 www.ieee.com 16. www.smartsecurity.com 17. www.softbaugh.com

DOEACC CENTRE, AURANAGABAD

114