What is air pollution?

The presence in the air of substances which pose a potential threat to human health and/or the environment.

CATEGORIES OF AIR POLLUTION

I. STATIONARY Sources-are those that have
relatively fixed location Point sources - emit pollutants from one or more controllable sites Fugitive sources - generate air pollutants from open areas to wind processes.

Area sources - are well defined areas within which are several sources of air pollutants.

one place to another

II. MOBILE Sources-

Air pollutants move from

AIR POLLUTANT
a substance or effect dwelling temporarily or permanently in the air , which adversely alters the environment by interfering with the health, the comfort, or the food chain, or by interfering with the property values of people. Can be solid, liquid or gas

CLASSIFICATION OF AIR POLLUTANTS

PRIMARY
emitted into the atmosphere directly from the source of the pollutant and retains the same chemical form EXAMPLES: particulates, sulfur dioxide, carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides, hydrocarbons, etc

SECONDARY
EXAMPLES: ozone

-forms as a result of chemical reactions between primary pollutants and atmospheric compound.

Stratospheric ozone depleters Toxic air pollutants

Sulfur Dioxide Nitrogen Dioxide Carbon Monoxide Ozone and Other Photochemical Oxidants Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC) Particulate Matter Lead Greenhouse Gases

MAJOR AIR POLLUTANTS & Effects

Effect of Air Pollution to PLANTS

Effect of Air Pollution on HUMANS

Effect of Air Pollution on ENVIRONMENT

Acid Rain Stratospheric Ozone (Ozone Hole) Smog Climate Change

Destruction of Ozone CFCl3 + h CFCl2 + Cl Cl + O3 ClO + O2 ClO + O Cl + O2

GLOBAL WARMING

MAJOR AIR POLLUTANTS

PARTICULATES GASEOUS POLLUTANTS

PARTICULATES
Dust Fume Mist Smoke Spray

Measurement of Particulates
High-volume sampler

Problems
1. A hi-vol clean a filter weighs 18.0 g, and the dirty filter weighs 18.6 g. The initial and final air flows are 70 and 40 ft3/min. What volume of air went through the filter in 24 hr.? What was the particulate concentration?

2. The data for a hi-vol are as follows: Clean filter: 20.0 g Dirty filter: 20.5 g Initial air flow: 70 cfm Final air flow: 50 cfm Time: 24 hours a. What volume of air was put thru the filter? b. How is the air flow in a hi-vol measured? c. What is the weight of the particulate d. What is the condition of the atmosphere?

Gaseous Pollutants
Measurement of gases

g/m3 = MW x 1000 x ppm

24.5 Note: For 1 atm and 00C 24.5 becomes 22.4

Applicable for conditions at 1atm and 250C

Problems
3. If the primary ambient air quality standard for nitrogen oxides (as NO2) is 100 g/m3, what is this in ppm? (Assume 1atm and 250C) 4. The concentration of carbon monoxide in a smoke-filled room can reach as high as 500 ppm. a. What is this in g/m3? b. What effect would this have on people who are sitting around having a political discussion for 4 hours?