Supremacy Clause & Dormant Commerce Clause Analysis

PRE-EMPTION

START

Congressional Authorization?

YES

NO

Market Participant or Market Regulator? NO PRE-EMPTION or CONGRESS HASNT ACTED REGULATOR

PARTICIPANT

ANY Burden on Interstate Commerce?

NO

YES

YES
(triggers Close, Rigorous, or Strictest scrutiny) Pure Economic Protectionism?

Discriminatory in Purpose, Means, or Effect?

NO
Is burden on Interstate commerce clearly excessive in relation to local benefits?
NO

NO

YES

Burden on State to Show

(1) Legitimate (Important),

State Law Virtually Invalid Per Se Non-Protectionist State Interest

YES

(2) NecessaryIt

Considered Less /Non Discriminatory Alternatives o EXAMPLE: state law prohibited the importation of live baitfish into the state and there were no less discriminatory

Legitimate (Important) Local Interest?

NO

YES

BALANCE local interests against burden on Interstate Commerce

Burden Satisfied

Burden NOT Satisfied Local Interests Interstate Commerce