Static Condensation (Guyan Reduction)

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Static Condensation (Guyan Reduction)

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The terms static condensation and Guyan reduction represent the same matrix operations and are used interchangeably. Guyan Reduction involves a reformulation of the stiffness and mass matrices based on partitions of the stiffness matrix. If you start with the stiffness equation in terms of the set of the unconstrained (free) structural coordinates, you have

Equation 10-3.

Partitioning the statically independent free degrees of freedom into two subsets of the f-set, you obtain

Equation 10-4.

u u

a o

= =

the a-set variables (the analysis set) the o-set variables, which are removed by static condensation (the omitted set)

Rewriting the static equation for u in terms of o-set and a-set partitions, you obtain
f

Equation 10-5.

Expanding the bottom equation, you arrive at

Equation 10-6.

where: [G ]
oa

= =

[K ] [K ]
oo oa

{U }
oo

[K ] [P ]
oo o

Expanding the top part of Eq. 10-5 and substituting u with Eq. 10-6, you arrive at the equation
o

Equation 10-7.

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Static Condensation (Guyan Reduction)

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where: [K ]
aa

= =

{P }
a

The solution to the f-set degrees of freedom is obtained in three phases. The first phase is to reduce the f-set to the a-set using Guyan reduction. The second phase is to solve for {u } in Eq. 10-7, which is the analysis set. Once this is done, {u } can then be solved by Eq. 10-6, which is the omitted set. The conventional method
a o

involves solving Eq. 10-3 in a single step. In static analysis, the results using static condensation are numerically exact. The partitioned solution merely changes the order of the operations of the unpartitioned solution. However, Guyan reduction isn't generally recommended for static analysis. This recommendation stems from the cost of the Guyan reduction process since it creates reduced matrices [K ] and [M ], which are typically smaller but denser (i.e., matrix bandwidth is destroyed). Additional decomposition of the matrix [K ] is
aa aa oo

also required. In other words, even though the solution size is smaller, the solution time may take longer and the disk space requirement may be larger due to a denser matrix. Furthermore, it requires additional interaction on your part. However, some understanding of the concept of Guyan reduction in static analysis is quite helpful if you ever decide to apply this feature in dynamic, cyclic symmetry, or superelement analyses. Guyan reduction has special applications in dynamic analysis. In dynamic analysis, the reduction is approximate; the term {u } is ignored. The reduction is based
oo

solely on static transformation and is exact provided that no loads are applied to the o-set degrees of freedom. Using Static Condensation

5/10/2012 8:04 PM