F History 12- Terms to Identify (p. 160-175 Keylor) Hitlers Annihilation of Czechoslovakia 1. Danzig a.

Dominated by the Nazi party and gave headache to the Polish authorities b. Hitler ordered them to calm down when he made peace with the Polish govt 2. Teschen (Upper Silesia) a. Given to Czechoslovakia in 1920 and home to 80,000+ Poles b. Hitler offered this as a reward to Poland if it helped Germany gain the Sudetenland 3. Sudetenland a. German-speaking Western Czechoslovakia b. Had defensive fortifications against Germany 4. Little Entente a. The Little Entente was united because Hungary had land taken away to form the Little Entente b. This union was opposed to Hitler taking the Sudetenland and was backed by France 5. Hungary a. The main enemy to the Little Entente 6. Hungary and Yugoslavia Agreement (1938) a. 1938: Hungary and Yugoslavia settle the majority of their disagreements b. Undermines the unity of the Little Entente 7. Romania a. Romania and Russia have territorial disputes over Bessarabia b. Hitler used this issue to prevent Russian help from reaching Czechoslovakia 8. German Commercial Policies for Economic Ties with Eastern Europe a. Used their economies to help bolster the German economy and isolate Poland b. The Little Entente fell apart easily 9. Nazi Propaganda in the Sudetenland (1938) a. Accuses Poland of persecuting the 3 million Sudeten Germans 10. Konrad Henlein a. Head of the Sudeten German Party b. Demanded political autonomy of Sudetenland so that Germany may annex it later 11. Reasons for Czech Resistance to Allowing for German Annexation of Sudetenland a. Would lose the majority of their fortifications against a German invasion b. Would set a precedent for other minority groups like the Poles in Teschen and the Slovaks 12. France Fails to Aid Czechoslovakia a. Appeared to be committed to the Franco-Czech alliance b. Would not fight due to a terrible air force, Belgian refusal to cooperate and overestimations of the German military c. France thought it would be defeated again

13. Britain Fails to Aid Czechoslovakia a. Britain was unwilling to go to war over something that didnt interest them b. Remembered the terror bombings of civilians and the AA defenses werent ready yet 14. Eduard Benes Gives In to German Sudeten Demands a. Sept. 5 1938: England and France pressure him into giving in to the Sudeten party b. Hitler wants a war, not concessions and so orders Henlein to create a list of grievances 15. Neville Chamberlain Promotes Peace in Eastern Europe for Two Reasons a. Believed that WWI could have been averted with more skillful diplomacy b. Believed that Germany was mistreated at the Paris Peace Conference 16. Hitler / Chamberlain Meeting (Berchtesgaden, Austria, September 15, 1938) a. Sept. 15, 1938: Chamberlain meets with Hitler to settle the Sudeten issue b. Hitler sticks to national self-determination and Chamberlain goes off to persuade France and Czechoslovakia to agree 17. Edouard Daladier a. Hates the idea of giving the Germans the Sudetenland but backs down and allows Chamberlain to take the lead 18. Czech Response to Anglo-French-German Diplomacy a. Rejects the solution but is forced to when Britain threatens to ends diplomatic efforts and France refuses to give military support 19. Hitler / Chamberlain Meeting (Godesberg, Germany, September 22, 1938) a. Chamberlain agrees to concessions but Hitler abruptly declares that conditions in the Sudeten have deteriorated and require direct intervention 20. Europe Mobilizes for War (1938) a. Sept. 24, 1938: Czech govt goes to war b. Sept. 26, 1938: French army goes to war c. Sept. 27, 1938: British navy goes to war d. Sept. 30, 1938: Germany orders the assault on Czechoslovakia 21. Benito Mussolini Intervenes to Avoid War (Munich Conference, September 30, 1938) a. Sept 29, 1938: Mussolini calls for a conference on behalf of Czechoslovakia b. Hitler agrees to host the conference in Munich, Germany c. Britain, France, Italy and Germany attend (no Czechoslovakia) 22. Facets of the Munich Pact (1938) a. Czech army leaves the Sudetenland between Oct. 1 and Oct. 10 b. German occupation follows c. Britain and France were assured redrawn borders d. Germany and Italy got similar assurances after Polish and Hungarian claims were adjucated 23. Romanian-German Economic Agreement (December 10, 1938) a. Guaranteed German access to Romanian oil and wheat due to shortfalls in German production 24. Hungary Joins the Anti-Comintern Pact (1938) a. Withdraws from the LoN

25. 26.

27.

28.

29.

30.

31.

b. Hitler gives Hungary approval to annex Czechoslovakias easternmost province Romania and Yugoslavia Accept German Subservience (1938) a. Diplomatic and economic subservience to Germany Lithuania / Port of Memel a. Lithuania becomes a satellite nation b. March 1939: Port of Memel is annexed German Occupation of Prague (March 15, 1939) a. March 15, 1939: western half of Czechoslovakia becomes a German protectorate b. Eastern half becomes the satellite state of Slovakia Poland Reneges on Previous Agreements with Germany (1939) a. Poland refuses to declare subservience to Germany or adherence to Anti-Comintern Pact b. Ruling elite balanced between German and Russian influences since the end of WWI c. National pride prevented them from become like Czechoslovakia Germany Decides on Poland as Primary Target a. Takes out Poland prior to taking on Western Europe b. Uses mistreatment of Germans in Danzig and economic difficulties with East Prussia as excuses Polish Resolve / Anti-German Policy a. Polish resistance is aided by French and Britain changes in policy b. Britain and France go from appeasement to resistance c. Britain accelerates rearmament and plans for continental action d. France places orders of warplanes with FDR Nazi-Soviet Pact (August 23, 1939) a. Hitler appease any Russian aggression using Polish territory b. Stalin gains time for arms buildup against German invasion c. Stalin had choose between Britain and Germany but chose Germany because he felt that Britain could not effectively defend Poland in time