PROBLEM 2.

1
Two forces are applied to an eye bolt fastened to a beam. Determine
graphically the magnitude and direction of their resultant using (a) the
parallelogram law, (b) the triangle rule.

SOLUTION
(a)









(b)






We measure: 8.4 kN R =
19 =
8.4 kN = R 19
1



PROBLEM 2.2
The cable stays AB and AD help support pole AC. Knowing that the
tension is 500 N in AB and 160 N in AD, determine graphically the
magnitude and direction of the resultant of the forces exerted by the stays
at A using (a) the parallelogram law, (b) the triangle rule.

SOLUTION







We measure: 51.3 , 59 = =
(a)







(b)






We measure: 575 N, 67 = = R
575 N = R 67
2





PROBLEM 2.3
Two forces P and Q are applied as shown at point A of a hook support.
Knowing that P = 15 lb and Q = 25 lb, determine graphically the
magnitude and direction of their resultant using (a) the parallelogram law,
(b) the triangle rule.

SOLUTION
(a)









(b)










We measure: 37 lb, 76 = = R
37 lb = R 76
3




PROBLEM 2.4
Two forces P and Q are applied as shown at point A of a hook support.
Knowing that P = 45 lb and Q = 15 lb, determine graphically the
magnitude and direction of their resultant using (a) the parallelogram law,
(b) the triangle rule.

SOLUTION
(a)









(b)








We measure: 61.5 lb, 86.5 = = R
61.5 lb = R 86.5
4





PROBLEM 2.5
Two control rods are attached at A to lever AB. Using trigonometry and
knowing that the force in the left-hand rod is F
1
= 120 N, determine
(a) the required force F
2
in the right-hand rod if the resultant R of the
forces exerted by the rods on the lever is to be vertical, (b) the
corresponding magnitude of R.

SOLUTION





Graphically, by the triangle law
We measure:
2
108 N F
77 N R
By trigonometry: Law of Sines
2
120
sin sin38 sin
F R

= =

90 28 62 , 180 62 38 80 = = = =
Then:
2
120 N
sin 62 sin38 sin80
F R
= =


or (a)
2
107.6 N F =
(b) 75.0 N R =
5




PROBLEM 2.6
Two control rods are attached at A to lever AB. Using trigonometry and
knowing that the force in the right-hand rod is F
2
= 80 N, determine
(a) the required force F
1
in the left-hand rod if the resultant R of the
forces exerted by the rods on the lever is to be vertical, (b) the
corresponding magnitude of R.

SOLUTION

Using the Law of Sines
1
80
sin sin38 sin
F R

= =

90 10 80 , 180 80 38 62 = = = =
Then:
1
80 N
sin80 sin38 sin62
F R
= =


or (a)
1
89.2 N F =
(b) 55.8 N R =
6





PROBLEM 2.7
The 50-lb force is to be resolved into components along lines - a a and
- . b b (a) Using trigonometry, determine the angle knowing that the
component along - a a is 35 lb. (b) What is the corresponding value of
the component along - ? b b

SOLUTION

Using the triangle rule and the Law of Sines
(a)
sin sin 40
35 lb 50 lb

=
sin 0.44995 =
26.74 =
Then: 40 180 + + =
113.3 =
(b) Using the Law of Sines:
50 lb
sin sin 40
bb
F

71.5 lb
bb
F

=
7




PROBLEM 2.8
The 50-lb force is to be resolved into components along lines - a a and
- . b b (a) Using trigonometry, determine the angle knowing that the
component along - b b is 30 lb. (b) What is the corresponding value of
the component along - ? a a

SOLUTION





Using the triangle rule and the Law of Sines
(a)
sin sin 40
30 lb 50 lb

=
sin 0.3857 =
22.7 =
(b) 40 180 + + =
117.31 =

50 lb
sin sin 40
aa
F

sin
50 lb
sin 40

aa
F
69.1lb
aa
F

=
8





PROBLEM 2.9
To steady a sign as it is being lowered, two cables are attached to the sign
at A. Using trigonometry and knowing that = 25, determine (a) the
required magnitude of the force P if the resultant R of the two forces
applied at A is to be vertical, (b) the corresponding magnitude of R.

SOLUTION

Using the triangle rule and the Law of Sines
Have: ( ) 180 35 25 = +
120 =
Then:
360 N
sin35 sin120 sin 25
P R
= =


or (a) 489 N P =
(b) 738 N R =
9




PROBLEM 2.10
To steady a sign as it is being lowered, two cables are attached to the sign
at A. Using trigonometry and knowing that the magnitude of P is 300 N,
determine (a) the required angle if the resultant R of the two forces
applied at A is to be vertical, (b) the corresponding magnitude of R.

SOLUTION

Using the triangle rule and the Law of Sines
(a) Have:
360 N 300 N
sin sin35
=

sin 0.68829 =
43.5 =
(b) ( ) 180 35 43.5 = +
101.5 =
Then:
300 N
sin101.5 sin35
R
=


or 513 N R =

10




PROBLEM 2.11
Two forces are applied as shown to a hook support. Using trigonometry
and knowing that the magnitude of P is 14 lb, determine (a) the required
angle if the resultant R of the two forces applied to the support is to be
horizontal, (b) the corresponding magnitude of R.

SOLUTION
Using the triangle rule and the Law of Sines

(a) Have:
20 lb 14 lb
sin sin30
=

sin 0.71428 =
45.6 =
(b) ( ) 180 30 45.6 = +
104.4 =
Then:
14 lb
sin104.4 sin30
R
=


27.1 lb R =
11




PROBLEM 2.12
For the hook support of Problem 2.3, using trigonometry and knowing
that the magnitude of P is 25 lb, determine (a) the required magnitude of
the force Q if the resultant R of the two forces applied at A is to be
vertical, (b) the corresponding magnitude of R.
Problem 2.3: Two forces P and Q are applied as shown at point A of a
hook support. Knowing that P = 15 lb and Q = 25 lb, determine
graphically the magnitude and direction of their resultant using (a) the
parallelogram law, (b) the triangle rule.

SOLUTION
Using the triangle rule and the Law of Sines

(a) Have:
25 lb
sin15 sin30
Q
=


12.94 lb Q =
(b) ( ) 180 15 30 = +
135 =
Thus:
25 lb
sin135 sin30
R
=


sin135
25 lb 35.36 lb
sin30
R
| |
= =
|

\ .

35.4 lb R =
12




PROBLEM 2.13
For the hook support of Problem 2.11, determine, using trigonometry,
(a) the magnitude and direction of the smallest force P for which the
resultant R of the two forces applied to the support is horizontal,
(b) the corresponding magnitude of R.
Problem 2.11: Two forces are applied as shown to a hook support. Using
trigonometry and knowing that the magnitude of P is 14 lb, determine
(a) the required angle if the resultant R of the two forces applied to the
support is to be horizontal, (b) the corresponding magnitude of R.

SOLUTION
(a) The smallest force P will be perpendicular to R, that is, vertical

( ) 20 lb sin30 P =
10 lb = 10 lb = P
(b) ( ) 20 lb cos30 R =
17.32 lb = 17.32 lb R =
13




PROBLEM 2.14
As shown in Figure P2.9, two cables are attached to a sign at A to steady
the sign as it is being lowered. Using trigonometry, determine (a) the
magnitude and direction of the smallest force P for which the resultant R
of the two forces applied at A is vertical, (b) the corresponding magnitude
of R.

SOLUTION
We observe that force P is minimum when is 90 , that is, P is horizontal

Then: (a) ( ) 360 N sin35 P =
or 206 N = P
And: (b) ( ) 360 N cos35 R =
or 295 N R =
14



PROBLEM 2.15
For the hook support of Problem 2.11, determine, using trigonometry, the
magnitude and direction of the resultant of the two forces applied to the
support knowing that P = 10 lb and = 40.
Problem 2.11: Two forces are applied as shown to a hook support. Using
trigonometry and knowing that the magnitude of P is 14 lb, determine
(a) the required angle if the resultant R of the two forces applied to the
support is to be horizontal, (b) the corresponding magnitude of R.

SOLUTION
Using the force triangle and the Law of Cosines

( ) ( ) ( )( )
2 2
2
10 lb 20 lb 2 10 lb 20 lb cos110 R = +
( )
2
100 400 400 0.342 lb ( = +



2
636.8 lb =
25.23 lb R =
Using now the Law of Sines

10 lb 25.23 lb
sin sin110
=

10 lb
sin sin110
25.23 lb

| |
=
|
\ .

0.3724 =
So: 21.87 =
Angle of inclination of R, is then such that:
30 + =
8.13 =
Hence: 25.2 lb = R 8.13
15




PROBLEM 2.16
Solve Problem 2.1 using trigonometry
Problem 2.1: Two forces are applied to an eye bolt fastened to a beam.
Determine graphically the magnitude and direction of their resultant
using (a) the parallelogram law, (b) the triangle rule.

SOLUTION
Using the force triangle, the Law of Cosines and the Law of Sines

We have: ( ) 180 50 25 = +
105 =
Then: ( ) ( ) ( )( )
2 2
2
4.5 kN 6 kN 2 4.5 kN 6 kN cos105 R = +

2
70.226 kN =
or 8.3801 kN R =
Now:
8.3801 kN 6 kN
sin105 sin
=

6 kN
sin sin105
8.3801 kN

| |
=
|
\ .

0.6916 =
43.756 =
8.38 kN = R 18.76

16

PROBLEM 2.17
Solve Problem 2.2 using trigonometry
Problem 2.2: The cable stays AB and AD help support pole AC. Knowing
that the tension is 500 N in AB and 160 N in AD, determine graphically
the magnitude and direction of the resultant of the forces exerted by the
stays at A using (a) the parallelogram law, (b) the triangle rule.

SOLUTION











From the geometry of the problem:
1
2
tan 38.66
2.5

= =
1
1.5
tan 30.96
2.5

= =
Now: ( ) 180 38.66 30.96 110.38 = + =
And, using the Law of Cosines:
( ) ( ) ( )( )
2 2
2
500 N 160 N 2 500 N 160 N cos110.38 R = +

2
331319 N =
575.6 N R =
Using the Law of Sines:
160 N 575.6 N
sin sin110.38
=

160 N
sin sin110.38
575.6 N

| |
=
|
\ .

0.2606 =
15.1 =
( ) 90 66.44 = + =
576 N = R 66.4

17

PROBLEM 2.18
Solve Problem 2.3 using trigonometry
Problem 2.3: Two forces P and Q are applied as shown at point A of a
hook support. Knowing that P = 15 lb and Q = 25 lb, determine
graphically the magnitude and direction of their resultant using (a) the
parallelogram law, (b) the triangle rule.

SOLUTION





Using the force triangle and the Laws of Cosines and Sines
We have:
( ) 180 15 30 = +
135 =
Then: ( ) ( ) ( )( )
2 2
2
15 lb 25 lb 2 15 lb 25 lb cos135 R = +

2
1380.3 lb =
or 37.15 lb R =
and
25 lb 37.15 lb
sin sin135
=

25 lb
sin sin135
37.15 lb

| |
=
|
\ .

0.4758 =
28.41 =
Then: 75 180 + + =
76.59 =
37.2 lb = R 76.6

18

PROBLEM 2.19
Two structural members A and B are bolted to a bracket as shown.
Knowing that both members are in compression and that the force is
30 kN in member A and 20 kN in member B, determine, using
trigonometry, the magnitude and direction of the resultant of the forces
applied to the bracket by members A and B.


SOLUTION






Using the force triangle and the Laws of Cosines and Sines
We have: ( ) 180 45 25 110 = + =
Then: ( ) ( ) ( )( )
2 2
2
30 kN 20 kN 2 30 kN 20 kN cos110 R = +

2
1710.4 kN =
41.357 kN R =
and
20 kN 41.357 kN
sin sin110
=

20 kN
sin sin110
41.357 kN

| |
=
|
\ .

0.4544 =
27.028 =
Hence: 45 72.028 = + =
41.4 kN = R 72.0

19

PROBLEM 2.20
Two structural members A and B are bolted to a bracket as shown.
Knowing that both members are in compression and that the force is
20 kN in member A and 30 kN in member B, determine, using
trigonometry, the magnitude and direction of the resultant of the forces
applied to the bracket by members A and B.

SOLUTION





Using the force triangle and the Laws of Cosines and Sines
We have: ( ) 180 45 25 110 = + =
Then: ( ) ( ) ( )( )
2 2
2
30 kN 20 kN 2 30 kN 20 kN cos110 R = +

2
1710.4 kN =
41.357 kN R =
and
30 kN 41.357 kN
sin sin110
=

30 kN
sin sin110
41.357 kN

| |
=
|
\ .

0.6816 =
42.97 =
Finally: 45 87.97 = + =
41.4 kN = R 88.0


20




PROBLEM 2.21
Determine the x and y components of each of the forces shown.

SOLUTION
20 kN Force:
( ) 20 kN cos 40 ,
x
F = + 15.32 kN
x
F =
( ) 20 kN sin 40 ,
y
F = + 12.86 kN
y
F =
30 kN Force:
( ) 30 kN cos70 ,
x
F = 10.26 kN
x
F =
( ) 30 kN sin70 ,
y
F = + 28.2 kN
y
F =
42 kN Force:
( ) 42 kN cos 20 ,
x
F = 39.5 kN
x
F =
( ) 42 kN sin 20 ,
y
F = + 14.36 kN
y
F =
21




PROBLEM 2.22
Determine the x and y components of each of the forces shown.

SOLUTION
40 lb Force:
( ) 40 lb sin50 ,
x
F = 30.6 lb
x
F =
( ) 40 lb cos50 ,
y
F = 25.7 lb
y
F =
60 lb Force:
( ) 60 lb cos60 ,
x
F = + 30.0 lb
x
F =
( ) 60 lb sin 60 ,
y
F = 52.0 lb
y
F =
80 lb Force:
( ) 80 lb cos 25 ,
x
F = + 72.5 lb
x
F =
( ) 80 lb sin 25 ,
y
F = + 33.8 lb
y
F =

22




PROBLEM 2.23
Determine the x and y components of each of the forces shown.

SOLUTION





We compute the following distances:
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
2 2
2 2
2 2
48 90 102 in.
56 90 106 in.
80 60 100 in.
OA
OB
OC
= + =
= + =
= + =

Then:
204 lb Force:
( )
48
102 lb ,
102
x
F = 48.0 lb
x
F =
( )
90
102 lb ,
102
y
F = + 90.0 lb
y
F =
212 lb Force:
( )
56
212 lb ,
106
x
F = + 112.0 lb
x
F =
( )
90
212 lb ,
106
y
F = + 180.0 lb
y
F =
400 lb Force:
( )
80
400 lb ,
100
x
F = 320 lb
x
F =
( )
60
400 lb ,
100
y
F = 240 lb
y
F =
23



PROBLEM 2.24
Determine the x and y components of each of the forces shown.

SOLUTION





We compute the following distances:
( ) ( )
2 2
70 240 250 mm OA = + =
( ) ( )
2 2
210 200 290 mm OB = + =
( ) ( )
2 2
120 225 255 mm OC = + =
500 N Force:

70
500 N
250
x
F

=


140.0 N
x
F =

240
500 N
250
y
F

= +


480 N
y
F =
435 N Force:

210
435 N
290
x
F

= +


315 N
x
F =

200
435 N
290
y
F

= +


300 N
y
F =
510 N Force:

120
510 N
255
x
F

= +


240 N
x
F =

225
510 N
255
y
F

=


450 N
y
F =
24





PROBLEM 2.25
While emptying a wheelbarrow, a gardener exerts on each handle AB a
force P directed along line CD. Knowing that P must have a 135-N
horizontal component, determine (a) the magnitude of the force P, (b) its
vertical component.

SOLUTION

(a)
cos 40
x
P
P =

135 N
cos 40
=

or 176.2 N P =
(b) tan 40 sin 40
y x
P P P = =
( ) 135 N tan 40 =
or 113.3 N
y
P =
25




PROBLEM 2.26
Member BD exerts on member ABC a force P directed along line BD.
Knowing that P must have a 960-N vertical component, determine (a) the
magnitude of the force P, (b) its horizontal component.

SOLUTION

(a)
sin35
y
P
P =

960 N
sin35
=

or 1674 N P =
(b)
tan35
y
x
P
P =

960 N
tan35
=

or 1371 N
x
P =
26





PROBLEM 2.27
Member CB of the vise shown exerts on block B a force P directed along
line CB. Knowing that P must have a 260-lb horizontal component,
determine (a) the magnitude of the force P, (b) its vertical component.

SOLUTION

We note:
CB exerts force P on B along CB, and the horizontal component of P is 260 lb.
x
P =
Then:
(a) sin50
x
P P =

sin50
x
P
P =

260 lb
sin50
=

339.4 lb = 339 lb P =
(b) tan50
x y
P P =

tan50
x
y
P
P =

260 lb
tan50
=

218.2 lb = 218 lb
y
= P
27




PROBLEM 2.28
Activator rod AB exerts on crank BCD a force P directed along line AB.
Knowing that P must have a 25-lb component perpendicular to arm BC of
the crank, determine (a) the magnitude of the force P, (b) its component
along line BC.

SOLUTION

Using the x and y axes shown.
(a) 25 lb
y
P =
Then:
sin 75
y
P
P =

25 lb
sin75
=

or 25.9 lb P =
(b)
tan 75
y
x
P
P =

25 lb
tan 75
=

or 6.70 lb
x
P =
28





PROBLEM 2.29
The guy wire BD exerts on the telephone pole AC a force P directed
along BD. Knowing that P has a 450-N component along line AC,
determine (a) the magnitude of the force P, (b) its component in a
direction perpendicular to AC.

SOLUTION

Note that the force exerted by BD on the pole is directed along BD, and the component of P along AC
is 450 N.
Then:
(a)
450 N
549.3 N
cos35
P = =

549 N P =
(b) ( ) 450 N tan35
x
P =
315.1 N =
315 N
x
P =
29




PROBLEM 2.30
The guy wire BD exerts on the telephone pole AC a force P directed
along BD. Knowing that P has a 200-N perpendicular to the pole AC,
determine (a) the magnitude of the force P, (b) its component along
line AC.

SOLUTION

(a)
sin38
x
P
P =

200 N
sin38
=

324.8 N = or 325 N P =
(b)
tan38
x
y
P
P =

200 N
tan38
=

255.98 N =
or 256 N
y
P =

30





PROBLEM 2.31
Determine the resultant of the three forces of Problem 2.24.
Problem 2.24: Determine the x and y components of each of the forces
shown.

SOLUTION

From Problem 2.24:
( ) ( )
500
140 N 480 N = + F i j
( ) ( )
425
315 N 300 N = + F i j
( ) ( )
510
240 N 450 N = F i j
( ) ( ) 415 N 330 N = = + R F i j
Then:
1
330
tan 38.5
415

= =
( ) ( )
2 2
415 N 330 N 530.2 N R = + =
Thus: 530 N = R 38.5
31




PROBLEM 2.32
Determine the resultant of the three forces of Problem 2.21.
Problem 2.21: Determine the x and y components of each of the forces
shown.

SOLUTION

From Problem 2.21:
( ) ( )
20
15.32 kN 12.86 kN = + F i j
( ) ( )
30
10.26 kN 28.2 kN = + F i j
( ) ( )
42
39.5 kN 14.36 kN = + F i j
( ) ( ) 34.44 kN 55.42 kN = = + R F i j
Then:
1
55.42
tan 58.1
34.44

= =

( ) ( )
2 2
55.42 kN 34.44 N 65.2 kN R = + =
65.2 kN R = 58.2
32





PROBLEM 2.33
Determine the resultant of the three forces of Problem 2.22.
Problem 2.22: Determine the x and y components of each of the forces
shown.

SOLUTION
The components of the forces were determined in 2.23.








x y
R R = + R i j
( ) ( ) 71.9 lb 43.86 lb = i j
43.86
tan
71.9
=
31.38 =
( ) ( )
2 2
71.9 lb 43.86 lb R = +
84.23 lb =
84.2 lb = R 31.4
Force comp. (lb) x comp. (lb) y
40 lb

30.6

25.7

60 lb 30 51.96
80 lb 72.5 33.8
71.9
x
R = 43.86
y
R =
33




PROBLEM 2.34
Determine the resultant of the three forces of Problem 2.23.
Problem 2.23: Determine the x and y components of each of the forces
shown.

SOLUTION
The components of the forces were
determined in Problem 2.23.














( ) ( )
204
48.0 lb 90.0 lb = + F i j
( ) ( )
212
112.0 lb 180.0 lb = + F i j
( ) ( )
400
320 lb 240 lb = F i j
Thus
x y
= + R R R
( ) ( ) 256 lb 30.0 lb = + R i j
Now:
30.0
tan
256
=
1
30.0
tan 6.68
256

= =
and
( ) ( )
2 2
256 lb 30.0 lb R = +
257.75 lb =
258 lb = R

6.68
34





PROBLEM 2.35
Knowing that 35 , = determine the resultant of the three forces
shown.

SOLUTION















300-N Force:
( ) 300 N cos 20 281.9 N
x
F = =
( ) 300 N sin 20 102.6 N
y
F = =
400-N Force:
( ) 400 N cos55 229.4 N
x
F = =
( ) 400 N sin55 327.7 N
y
F = =
600-N Force:
( ) 600 N cos35 491.5 N
x
F = =
( ) 600 N sin35 344.1 N
y
F = =
and
1002.8 N
x x
R F = =
86.2 N
y y
R F = =
( ) ( )
2 2
1002.8 N 86.2 N 1006.5 N R = + =
Further:
86.2
tan
1002.8
=
1
86.2
tan 4.91
1002.8

= =
1007 N = R 4.91
35




PROBLEM 2.36
Knowing that 65 , = determine the resultant of the three forces
shown.

SOLUTION















300-N Force:
( ) 300 N cos 20 281.9 N
x
F = =
( ) 300 N sin 20 102.6 N
y
F = =
400-N Force:
( ) 400 N cos85 34.9 N
x
F = =
( ) 400 N sin85 398.5 N
y
F = =
600-N Force:
( ) 600 N cos5 597.7 N
x
F = =
( ) 600 N sin5 52.3 N
y
F = =
and
914.5 N
x x
R F = =
448.8 N
y y
R F = =
( ) ( )
2 2
914.5 N 448.8 N 1018.7 N R = + =
Further:
448.8
tan
914.5
=
1
448.8
tan 26.1
914.5

= =
1019 N = R 26.1

36


PROBLEM 2.37
Knowing that the tension in cable BC is 145 lb, determine the resultant of
the three forces exerted at point B of beam AB.

SOLUTION













Cable BC Force:
( )
84
145 lb 105 lb
116
x
F = =
( )
80
145 lb 100 lb
116
y
F = =
100-lb Force:
( )
3
100 lb 60 lb
5
x
F = =
( )
4
100 lb 80 lb
5
y
F = =
156-lb Force:
( )
12
156 lb 144 lb
13
x
F = =
( )
5
156 lb 60 lb
13
y
F = =
and
21 lb, 40 lb
x x y y
R F R F = = = =
( ) ( )
2 2
21 lb 40 lb 45.177 lb R = + =
Further:
40
tan
21
=
1
40
tan 62.3
21

= =
Thus: 45.2 lb = R 62.3

37

PROBLEM 2.38
Knowing that 50 , = determine the resultant of the three forces
shown.

SOLUTION






The resultant force R has the x- and y-components:
( ) ( ) ( ) 140 lb cos50 60 lb cos85 160 lb cos50
x x
R F = = +
7.6264 lb
x
R =
and
( ) ( ) ( ) 140 lb sin 50 60 lb sin85 160 lb sin50
y y
R F = = + +
289.59 lb
y
R =
Further:
290
tan
7.6
=
1
290
tan 88.5
7.6

= =
Thus: 290 lb = R 88.5













38


PROBLEM 2.39
Determine (a) the required value of if the resultant of the three forces
shown is to be vertical, (b) the corresponding magnitude of the resultant.

SOLUTION
For an arbitrary angle , we have:
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) 140 lb cos 60 lb cos 35 160 lb cos
x x
R F = = + +
(a) So, for R to be vertical:
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) 140 lb cos 60 lb cos 35 160 lb cos 0
x x
R F = = + + =
Expanding,
( ) cos 3 cos cos35 sin sin35 0 + =
Then:
1
3
cos35
tan
sin35

or

1
1 3
cos35
tan 40.265
sin35

= =

40.3 =
(b) Now:
( ) ( ) ( ) 140 lb sin 40.265 60 lb sin 75.265 160 lb sin 40.265
y y
R R F = = = + +
252 lb R R = =

39

PROBLEM 2.40
For the beam of Problem 2.37, determine (a) the required tension in cable
BC if the resultant of the three forces exerted at point B is to be vertical,
(b) the corresponding magnitude of the resultant.
Problem 2.37: Knowing that the tension in cable BC is 145 lb, determine
the resultant of the three forces exerted at point B of beam AB.


SOLUTION
We have:
( ) ( )
84 12 3
156 lb 100 lb
116 13 5
x x BC
R F T = = +
or 0.724 84 lb
x BC
R T = +
and
( ) ( )
80 5 4
156 lb 100 lb
116 13 5
y y BC
R F T = =
0.6897 140 lb
y BC
R T =
(a) So, for R to be vertical,
0.724 84 lb 0
x BC
R T = + =
116.0 lb
BC
T =
(b) Using
116.0 lb
BC
T =
( ) 0.6897 116.0 lb 140 lb 60 lb
y
R R = = =
60.0 lb R R = =


40





PROBLEM 2.41
Boom AB is held in the position shown by three cables. Knowing that the
tensions in cables AC and AD are 4 kN and 5.2 kN, respectively,
determine (a) the tension in cable AE if the resultant of the tensions
exerted at point A of the boom must be directed along AB,
(b) the corresponding magnitude of the resultant.

SOLUTION








Choose x-axis along bar AB.
Then
(a) Require
( ) ( ) 0: 4 kN cos 25 5.2 kN sin35 sin65 0
y y AE
R F T = = + =
or 7.2909 kN
AE
T =
7.29 kN
AE
T =
(b)
x
R F =
( ) ( ) ( ) 4 kN sin 25 5.2 kN cos35 7.2909 kN cos65 =
9.03 kN =
9.03 kN R =
41




PROBLEM 2.42
For the block of Problems 2.35 and 2.36, determine (a) the required value
of of the resultant of the three forces shown is to be parallel to the
incline, (b) the corresponding magnitude of the resultant.
Problem 2.35: Knowing that 35 , = determine the resultant of the
three forces shown.
Problem 2.36: Knowing that 65 , = determine the resultant of the
three forces shown.

SOLUTION







Selecting the x axis along , aa we write
( ) ( ) 300 N 400 N cos 600 N sin
x x
R F = = + + (1)
( ) ( ) 400 N sin 600 N cos
y y
R F = = (2)
(a) Setting 0
y
R = in Equation (2):
Thus
600
tan 1.5
400
= =
56.3 =
(b) Substituting for in Equation (1):
( ) ( ) 300 N 400 N cos56.3 600 N sin56.3
x
R = + +
1021.1 N
x
R =
1021 N
x
R R = =
42



PROBLEM 2.43
Two cables are tied together at C and are loaded as shown. Determine the
tension (a) in cable AC, (b) in cable BC.

SOLUTION
Free-Body Diagram







From the geometry, we calculate the distances:
( ) ( )
2 2
16 in. 12 in. 20 in. AC = + =
( ) ( )
2 2
20 in. 21 in. 29 in. BC = + =
Then, from the Free Body Diagram of point C:

16 21
0: 0
20 29
x AC BC
F T T = + =
or
29 4
21 5
BC AC
T T =
and
12 20
0: 600 lb 0
20 29
y AC BC
F T T = + =
or
12 20 29 4
600 lb 0
20 29 21 5
AC AC
T T

+ =



Hence: 440.56 lb
AC
T =
(a) 441 lb
AC
T =
(b) 487 lb
BC
T =
43




PROBLEM 2.44
Knowing that 25 , = determine the tension (a) in cable AC, (b) in
rope BC.

SOLUTION
Free-Body Diagram Force Triangle

Law of Sines:
5 kN
sin115 sin5 sin 60
AC BC
T T
= =


(a)
5 kN
sin115 5.23 kN
sin60
AC
T = =

5.23 kN
AC
T =
(b)
5 kN
sin5 0.503 kN
sin60
BC
T = =

0.503 kN
BC
T =
44





PROBLEM 2.45
Knowing that 50 = and that boom AC exerts on pin C a force
directed long line AC, determine (a) the magnitude of that force, (b) the
tension in cable BC.

SOLUTION
Free-Body Diagram Force Triangle

Law of Sines:

400 lb
sin 25 sin60 sin95
AC BC
F T
= =


(a)
400 lb
sin 25 169.69 lb
sin95
AC
F = =

169.7 lb
AC
F =
(b)
400
sin 60 347.73 lb
sin95
BC
T = =

348 lb
BC
T =
45




PROBLEM 2.46
Two cables are tied together at C and are loaded as shown. Knowing that
30 , = determine the tension (a) in cable AC, (b) in cable BC.

SOLUTION
Free-Body Diagram Force Triangle

Law of Sines:
2943 N
sin 60 sin55 sin65
AC BC
T T
= =


(a)
2943 N
sin60 2812.19 N
sin 65
AC
T = =

2.81 kN
AC
T =
(b)
2943 N
sin55 2659.98 N
sin 65
BC
T = =

2.66 kN
BC
T =
46





PROBLEM 2.47
A chairlift has been stopped in the position shown. Knowing that each
chair weighs 300 N and that the skier in chair E weighs 890 N, determine
that weight of the skier in chair F.

SOLUTION
Free-Body Diagram Point B


Force Triangle

Free-Body Diagram Point C

Force Triangle


In the free-body diagram of point B, the geometry gives:
1
9.9
tan 30.51
16.8
AB

= =
1
12
tan 22.61
28.8
BC

= =


Thus, in the force triangle, by the Law of Sines:
1190 N
sin59.49 sin 7.87
BC
T
=


7468.6 N
BC
T =

In the free-body diagram of point C (with W the sum of weights of chair
and skier) the geometry gives:
1
1.32
tan 10.39
7.2
CD

= =
Hence, in the force triangle, by the Law of Sines:
7468.6 N
sin12.23 sin100.39
W
=


1608.5 N W =
Finally, the skier weight 1608.5 N 300 N 1308.5 N = =
skier weight 1309 N =
47




PROBLEM 2.48
A chairlift has been stopped in the position shown. Knowing that each
chair weighs 300 N and that the skier in chair F weighs 800 N, determine
the weight of the skier in chair E.

SOLUTION
Free-Body Diagram Point F

Force Triangle


Free-Body Diagram Point E

Force Triangle


In the free-body diagram of point F, the geometry gives:
1
12
tan 22.62
28.8
EF

= =
1
1.32
tan 10.39
7.2
DF

= =
Thus, in the force triangle, by the Law of Sines:
1100 N
sin100.39 sin12.23
EF
T
=


5107.5 N
BC
T =
In the free-body diagram of point E (with W the sum of weights of chair
and skier) the geometry gives:
1
9.9
tan 30.51
16.8
AE

= =
Hence, in the force triangle, by the Law of Sines:
5107.5 N
sin 7.89 sin59.49
W
=


813.8 N W =
Finally, the skier weight 813.8 N 300 N 513.8 N = =
skier weight 514 N =
48





PROBLEM 2.49
Four wooden members are joined with metal plate connectors and are in
equilibrium under the action of the four fences shown. Knowing that
F
A
= 510 lb and F
B
= 480 lb, determine the magnitudes of the other two
forces.

SOLUTION
Free-Body Diagram







Resolving the forces into x and y components:
( ) ( ) 0: 510 lb sin15 480 lb cos15 0
x C
F F = + =
or 332 lb
C
F =
( ) ( ) 0: 510 lb cos15 480 lb sin15 0
y D
F F = + =
or 368 lb
D
F =
49




PROBLEM 2.50
Four wooden members are joined with metal plate connectors and are in
equilibrium under the action of the four fences shown. Knowing that
F
A
= 420 lb and F
C
= 540 lb, determine the magnitudes of the other two
forces.

SOLUTION









Resolving the forces into x and y components:
( ) ( ) 0: cos15 540 lb 420 lb cos15 0 or 671.6 lb
x B B
F F F = + + = =
672 lb
B
F =
( ) ( ) 0: 420 lb cos15 671.6 lb sin15 0
y D
F F = + =
or 232 lb
D
F =

50




PROBLEM 2.51
Two forces P and Q are applied as shown to an aircraft connection.
Knowing that the connection is in equilibrium and the P = 400 lb and
Q = 520 lb, determine the magnitudes of the forces exerted on the rods
A and B.

SOLUTION
Free-Body Diagram




Resolving the forces into x and y directions:
0
A B
= + + + = R P Q F F
Substituting components:
( ) ( ) ( ) 400 lb 520 lb cos55 520 lb sin55 = +

R j i j
( ) ( ) cos55 sin55 0
B A A
F F F + + = i i j
In the y-direction (one unknown force)
( ) 400 lb 520 lb sin55 sin55 0
A
F + =
Thus,
( ) 400 lb 520 lb sin55
1008.3 lb
sin55
A
F
+
= =

1008 lb
A
F =
In the x-direction:
( ) 520 lb cos55 cos55 0
B A
F F + =
Thus,
( ) cos55 520 lb cos55
B A
F F =
( ) ( ) 1008.3 lb cos55 520 lb cos55 =
280.08 lb =
280 lb
B
F =
51




PROBLEM 2.52
Two forces P and Q are applied as shown to an aircraft connection.
Knowing that the connection is in equilibrium and that the magnitudes of
the forces exerted on rods A and B are F
A
= 600 lb and F
B
= 320 lb,
determine the magnitudes of P and Q.

SOLUTION
Free-Body Diagram




Resolving the forces into x and y directions:
0
A B
= + + + = R P Q F F
Substituting components:
( ) ( ) ( ) 320 lb 600 lb cos55 600 lb sin55 = +

R i i j
( ) ( ) cos55 sin55 0 P Q Q + + = i i j
In the x-direction (one unknown force)
( ) 320 lb 600 lb cos55 cos55 0 Q + =
Thus,
( ) 320 lb 600 lb cos55
42.09 lb
cos55
Q
+
= =

42.1lb Q =
In the y-direction:
( ) 600 lb sin55 sin55 0 P Q =
Thus,
( ) 600 lb sin55 sin55 457.01lb P Q = =
457 lb P =
52




PROBLEM 2.53
Two cables tied together at C are loaded as shown. Knowing that
W = 840 N, determine the tension (a) in cable AC, (b) in cable BC.

SOLUTION
Free-Body Diagram




From geometry:
The sides of the triangle with hypotenuse CB are in the ratio 8:15:17.
The sides of the triangle with hypotenuse CA are in the ratio 3:4:5.
Thus:
( )
3 15 15
0: 680 N 0
5 17 17
x CA CB
F T T = + =
or

1 5
200 N
5 17
CA CB
T T + = (1)
and

( )
4 8 8
0: 680 N 840 N 0
5 17 17
y CA CB
F T T = + =
or

1 2
290 N
5 17
CA CB
T T + = (2)
Solving Equations (1) and (2) simultaneously:
(a) 750 N
CA
T =
(b) 1190 N
CB
T =
53




PROBLEM 2.54
Two cables tied together at C are loaded as shown. Determine the range
of values of W for which the tension will not exceed 1050 N in either
cable.

SOLUTION
Free-Body Diagram




From geometry:
The sides of the triangle with hypotenuse CB are in the ratio 8:15:17.
The sides of the triangle with hypotenuse CA are in the ratio 3:4:5.
Thus:
( )
3 15 15
0: 680 N 0
5 17 17
x CA CB
F T T = + =
or

1 5
200 N
5 17
CA CB
T T + = (1)
and

( )
4 8 8
0: 680 N 0
5 17 17
y CA CB
F T T W = + =
or

1 2 1
80 N
5 17 4
+ = +
CA CB
T T W (2)
Then, from Equations (1) and (2)
17
680 N
28
25
28
CB
CA
T W
T W
= +
=

Now, with 1050 N T
25
: 1050 N
28
CA CA
T T W = =
or 1176 N W =
and
17
: 1050 N 680 N
28
CB CB
T T W = = +
or 609 N W = 0 609 N W
54




PROBLEM 2.55
The cabin of an aerial tramway is suspended from a set of wheels that can
roll freely on the support cable ACB and is being pulled at a constant
speed by cable DE. Knowing that 40 = and = 35, that the
combined weight of the cabin, its support system, and its passengers is
24.8 kN, and assuming the tension in cable DF to be negligible,
determine the tension (a) in the support cable ACB, (b) in the traction
cable DE.

SOLUTION





Note: In Problems 2.55 and 2.56 the cabin is considered as a particle. If
considered as a rigid body (Chapter 4) it would be found that its center of
gravity should be located to the left of the centerline for the line CD to be
vertical.
Now
( ) 0: cos35 cos 40 cos 40 0
x ACB DE
F T T = =
or
0.0531 0.766 0
ACB DE
T T = (1)
and

( ) 0: sin 40 sin35 sin 40 24.8 kN 0
y ACB DE
F T T = + =
or
0.0692 0.643 24.8 kN
ACB DE
T T + = (2)
From (1)
14.426
ACB DE
T T =
Then, from (2)
( ) 0.0692 14.426 0.643 24.8 kN
DE DE
T T + =
and
(b) 15.1kN
DE
T =
(a) 218 kN
ACB
T =
55



PROBLEM 2.56
The cabin of an aerial tramway is suspended from a set of wheels that can
roll freely on the support cable ACB and is being pulled at a constant
speed by cable DE. Knowing that 42 = and = 32, that the tension
in cable DE is 20 kN, and assuming the tension in cable DF to be
negligible, determine (a) the combined weight of the cabin, its support
system, and its passengers, (b) the tension in the support cable ACB.

SOLUTION
Free-Body Diagram

First, consider the sum of forces in the x-direction because there is only one unknown force:
( ) ( ) 0: cos32 cos 42 20 kN cos 42 0
x ACB
F T = =
or
0.1049 14.863 kN
ACB
T =
(b) 141.7 kN
ACB
T =
Now

( ) ( ) 0: sin 42 sin32 20 kN sin 42 0
y ACB
F T W = + =
or
( )( ) ( )( ) 141.7 kN 0.1392 20 kN 0.6691 0 W + =
(a) 33.1kN W =
56



PROBLEM 2.57
A block of weight W is suspended from a 500-mm long cord and two
springs of which the unstretched lengths are 450 mm. Knowing that the
constants of the springs are k
AB
= 1500 N/m and k
AD
= 500 N/m,
determine (a) the tension in the cord, (b) the weight of the block.

SOLUTION
Free-Body Diagram At A




First note from geometry:
The sides of the triangle with hypotenuse AD are in the ratio 8:15:17.
The sides of the triangle with hypotenuse AB are in the ratio 3:4:5.
The sides of the triangle with hypotenuse AC are in the ratio 7:24:25.
Then:
( )
AB AB AB o
F k L L =
and
( ) ( )
2 2
0.44 m 0.33 m 0.55 m
AB
L = + =
So:
( ) 1500 N/m 0.55 m 0.45 m
AB
F =
150 N =
Similarly,
( )
AD AD AD o
F k L L =
Then:
( ) ( )
2 2
0.66 m 0.32 m 0.68 m
AD
L = + =
( ) 1500 N/m 0.68 m 0.45 m
AD
F =
115 N =
(a)
( ) ( )
4 7 15
0: 150 N 115 N 0
5 25 17
x AC
F T = + =
or
66.18 N
AC
T = 66.2 N
AC
T =
57



PROBLEM 2.57 CONTINUED
(b) and

( ) ( ) ( )
3 24 8
0: 150 N 66.18 N 115 N 0
5 25 17
y
F W = + + =
or 208 N = W

58




PROBLEM 2.58
A load of weight 400 N is suspended from a spring and two cords which
are attached to blocks of weights 3W and W as shown. Knowing that the
constant of the spring is 800 N/m, determine (a) the value of W, (b) the
unstretched length of the spring.

SOLUTION
Free-Body Diagram At A




First note from geometry:
The sides of the triangle with hypotenuse AD are in the ratio 12:35:37.
The sides of the triangle with hypotenuse AC are in the ratio 3:4:5.
The sides of the triangle with hypotenuse AB are also in the ratio
12:35:37.
Then:
( ) ( )
4 35 12
0: 3 0
5 37 37
x s
F W W F = + + =
or
4.4833
s
F W =
and

( ) ( )
3 12 35
0: 3 400 N 0
5 37 37
y s
F W W F = + + =
Then:
( ) ( ) ( )
3 12 35
3 4.4833 400 N 0
5 37 37
W W W + + =
or
62.841 N W =
and
281.74 N
s
F =
or
(a) 62.8 N W =

59



PROBLEM 2.58 CONTINUED
(b) Have spring force
( )
s AB o
F k L L =
Where
( )
AB AB AB o
F k L L =
and
( ) ( )
2 2
0.360 m 1.050 m 1.110 m
AB
L = + =
So:
( )
0
281.74 N 800 N/m 1.110 m L =
or
0
758 mm L =

60





PROBLEM 2.59
For the cables and loading of Problem 2.46, determine (a) the value of
for which the tension in cable BC is as small as possible, (b) the
corresponding value of the tension.

SOLUTION
The smallest
BC
T is when
BC
T is perpendicular to the direction of
AC
T
Free-Body Diagram At C Force Triangle

(a) 55.0 =
(b) ( ) 2943 N sin55
BC
T =
2410.8 N =
2.41kN
BC
T =
61




PROBLEM 2.60
Knowing that portions AC and BC of cable ACB must be equal, determine
the shortest length of cable which can be used to support the load shown
if the tension in the cable is not to exceed 725 N.

SOLUTION
Free-Body Diagram: C
( ) For 725 N T =








0: 2 1000 N 0
y y
F T = =
500 N
y
T =
2 2 2
x y
T T T + =
( ) ( )
2 2
2
500 N 725 N
x
T + =
525 N
x
T =

By similar triangles:
1.5 m
725 525
BC
=
2.07 m = BC
( ) 2 4.14 m L BC = =
4.14 m L =

62





PROBLEM 2.61
Two cables tied together at C are loaded as shown. Knowing that the
maximum allowable tension in each cable is 200 lb, determine (a) the
magnitude of the largest force P which may be applied at C, (b) the
corresponding value of .

SOLUTION
Fr ee-Body Diagr am: C For ce Tr iangle






Force triangle is isoceles with
2 180 85 =
47.5 =
(a) ( ) 2 200 lb cos 47.5 270 lb P = =
Since 0, P > the solution is correct. 270 lb P =
(b) 180 55 47.5 77.5 = = 77.5 =
63




PROBLEM 2.62
Two cables tied together at C are loaded as shown. Knowing that the
maximum allowable tension is 300 lb in cable AC and 150 lb in cable BC,
determine (a) the magnitude of the largest force P which may be applied
at C, (b) the corresponding value of .

SOLUTION
Fr ee-Body Diagr am: C For ce Tr iangle







(a) Law of Cosines:
( ) ( ) ( )( )
2 2
2
300 lb 150 lb 2 300 lb 150 lb cos85 P = +
323.5 lb P =
Since 300 lb, P > our solution is correct. 324 lb P =
(b) Law of Sines:
sin sin85
300 323.5

=

sin 0.9238 =
or 67.49 =
180 55 67.49 57.5 = =
57.5 =
64





PROBLEM 2.63
For the structure and loading of Problem 2.45, determine (a) the value of
for which the tension in cable BC is as small as possible, (b) the
corresponding value of the tension.

SOLUTION
BC
T must be perpendicular to
AC
F to be as small as possible.
Fr ee-Body Diagr am: C For ce Tr iangle is
a r ight tr iangle







(a) We observe: 55 = 55 =
(b) ( ) 400 lb sin 60
BC
T =
or 346.4 lb
BC
T = 346 lb
BC
T =

65




PROBLEM 2.64
Boom AB is supported by cable BC and a hinge at A. Knowing that the
boom exerts on pin B a force directed along the boom and that the tension
in rope BD is 70 lb, determine (a) the value of for which the tension in
cable BC is as small as possible, (b) the corresponding value of the
tension.

SOLUTION
Fr ee-Body Diagr am: B



(a) Have: 0
BD AB BC
+ + = T F T
where magnitude and direction of
BD
T are known, and the direction
of
AB
F is known.

Then, in a force triangle:
By observation,
BC
T is minimum when 90.0 =
(b) Have ( ) ( ) 70 lb sin 180 70 30
BC
T =
68.93 lb =
68.9 lb
BC
T =
66





PROBLEM 2.65
Collar A shown in Figure P2.65 and P2.66 can slide on a frictionless
vertical rod and is attached as shown to a spring. The constant of the
spring is 660 N/m, and the spring is unstretched when h = 300 mm.
Knowing that the system is in equilibrium when h = 400 mm, determine
the weight of the collar.

SOLUTION
Fr ee-Body Diagr am: Collar A



Have: ( )
s AB AB
F k L L =
where:
( ) ( )
2 2
0.3 m 0.4 m 0.3 2 m
AB AB
L L = + =
0.5 m =
Then:
( )
660 N/m 0.5 0.3 2 m
s
F =
49.986 N =
For the collar:
( )
4
0: 49.986 N 0
5
y
F W = + =
or 40.0 N W =
67




PROBLEM 2.66
The 40-N collar A can slide on a frictionless vertical rod and is attached
as shown to a spring. The spring is unstretched when h = 300 mm.
Knowing that the constant of the spring is 560 N/m, determine the value
of h for which the system is in equilibrium.

SOLUTION
Fr ee-Body Diagr am: Collar A



( )
2
2
0: 0
0.3
y s
h
F W F
h
= + =
+

or
2
40 0.09
s
hF h = +
Now.. ( )
s AB AB
F k L L =
where ( )
2
2
0.3 m 0.3 2 m
AB AB
L h L = + =
Then:
( )
2 2
560 0.09 0.3 2 40 0.09 h h h

+ = +



or ( )
2
14 1 0.09 4.2 2 m h h h h + =
Solving numerically,
415 mm h =

68


PROBLEM 2.67
A 280-kg crate is supported by several rope-and-pulley arrangements as
shown. Determine for each arrangement the tension in the rope. (Hint:
The tension in the rope is the same on each side of a simple pulley. This
can be proved by the methods of Chapter 4.)

SOLUTION
Fr ee-Body Diagr am of pulley
(a)




(b)




(c)




(d)






(e)







( )
( )
2
0: 2 280 kg 9.81 m/s 0
y
F T = =
( )
1
2746.8 N
2
T =
1373 N T =

( )
( )
2
0: 2 280 kg 9.81 m/s 0
y
F T = =
( )
1
2746.8 N
2
T =
1373 N T =

( )
( )
2
0: 3 280 kg 9.81 m/s 0
y
F T = =
( )
1
2746.8 N
3
T =
916 N T =

( )
( )
2
0: 3 280 kg 9.81 m/s 0
y
F T = =
( )
1
2746.8 N
3
T =
916 N T =


( )
( )
2
0: 4 280 kg 9.81 m/s 0
y
F T = =
( )
1
2746.8 N
4
T =
687 N T =

69

PROBLEM 2.68
Solve parts b and d of Problem 2.67 assuming that the free end of the
rope is attached to the crate.
Pr oblem 2.67: A 280-kg crate is supported by several rope-and-pulley
arrangements as shown. Determine for each arrangement the tension in
the rope. (Hint: The tension in the rope is the same on each side of a
simple pulley. This can be proved by the methods of Chapter 4.)

SOLUTION
Fr ee-Body Diagr am of pulley
and cr ate
(b)

(d)





( )
( )
2
0: 3 280 kg 9.81 m/s 0
y
F T = =
( )
1
2746.8 N
3
T =
916 N T =



( )
( )
2
0: 4 280 kg 9.81 m/s 0
y
F T = =
( )
1
2746.8 N
4
T =
687 N T =













70