DESIGN-IV: MACHINERY BASIC DESIGN TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION OF BALLAST SYSTEM

ATTACHMENT NO. NUMBER OF PAGES DOCUMENT NO.

01 3

02 2

DOC. NO. 13 - 42 09 050 - BL

02 01 REV.

09/5/12 Categorizing Eq. I Gusti N. Dirgantara 04/4/12 Document Format DATE DESCRIPTION PREPARED BY

Ir. Dwi Priyanta, MSE.

CHECKED BY

Ir. Hari Prastowo, MSc.

APPROVED BY

DESIGN-IV: MACHINERY BASIC DESIGN

TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION OF BALLAST SYSTEM

Project Doc. No Rev.No Type

: DESIGN IV : 13 - 42 09 050 - BL : 02 : Table of Contents

TABLE OF CONTENTS
PHILOSOPHY 1. INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1. . . . 1.1 Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1 . . 1.2 Purpose . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1 . 2. REFERENCES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1 . 3. ABBREVIATIONS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1 . 4. DESIGN PARAMETER . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 4.1 Principal Dimension . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.2 Germanischer Lloyd Requirements. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .......... 2 5. DESIGN REQUREMENTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 3 5.1 PIPING SYSTEM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3 . . . .... . 5.2 PUMP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 . . 5.3 VALVE AND FITTING. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 . . . . . ..... . 6. SUMMARY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 ATTACHMENT NO. 01 - CALCULATION 1. Ballast Tank Volume . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1 . . . .... . 2. Pump Qapacity .(Q) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. 1 3. Diameter of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Pipe 1 4. Head Pump . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 . . 5. The Power of Pump. and Motor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3. . . . . . . ....... ATTACHMENT NO. 02 - PUMP SPECIFICATION Pump Specification. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 1

TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION OF BALLAST SYSTEM

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1. INTRODUCTION 1.1 Description Is the system used to maintain balance (stability) in the event of vessel trim or list (capsizes) especially when loading and unloading in the port. To keep the balance needs to be done charging and disposal of sea water in the ballast tank-tank, and then can keeping the weight as low as possible and ship can holds the position to even keel condition. Consideration to get the point the weight as low as possible, the ballast tank is placed on the double bottom. Process water ballast differenciated into two ballasting (filling ballast water) and deballasting (ballast water disposal). Working principle of this system is very simple, where pumps are used as switching from sea water, sea chest and moved into the ballast tanks or tank-emptying the water ballast tanks to overboard (O/B). This system is designed to be complicated due to the pump which served as the fluid can only transmit sea water in one direction only. Therefore, the design is further associated with the public service on Board (General Service System) is done in other systems interconnect. System design ballasts intimately connected with the process of loading and unloading in ports, especially the time it takes to load the unloaded, and also directly affect the change of displacement of the ship. in some literature mentioned that heavy water ballast overall ranged between 10%-17% of the displacement of the ship. Constituent a. Sea Chest, a hole in the center of the bilge water sources for all the needs of ships ballast water needs, including the number and height is adjusted to the need, which the width is limited to one frame distance. b. The main pipeline and pipeline branches, is where as the water ballast tank transportation, to design its diameter can be determined from the ballast tank volume and overall design of charging time with a customized time loading and unloading at the port. c. Ballast Tank, the water ballast is to be located on the double bottom tanks and partly in tank niche. For tank located on the double bottom was split into 2 parts, namely part of the port and starboard sides each consisting of four tanks. d. The pump used is a type of centrifugal pump with the greater value in the qapacities than the head. e. Overboard, a place that is used to process the disposal of all the sea water that is clean, located above the load waterline. 1.2 Objective The purpose of this document are to determine the technical specification that needed in ballast system. 2. REFERENCES a. Germanischer Lloyd Rules and Guidelines 2011 b. Marine Engineering, Roy L. Harrington, "Chapter XX - Piping System" :1971 3. ABBREVIATIONS vs = Velocity of fluid d = Inside diameter t = Wall thickness and time Q = Qapacity Rn = Reynold number n = viscocity hs = head static hp = head pressure hv = head velocity hf = head friction

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TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION OF BALLAST SYSTEM

hl H = head losses = head total

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4. DESIGN PARAMETER 4.1 Principal Dimension The following parameters shown below, such as: 1. Lpp = 123 m = 20.2 m 2. B = 8.8 m 3. T = 11.5 m 4. H = 127.92 m 5. LWL = 14.5 6. Vs knot = 26.8308 km/hours = 1200 7. Distance Nm = 2222.4 km = 8. Time of Voyage 4 days = 96 hours = 16184.29 9. Weight of Displacement ton 4.2 Germanischer Lloyd Requirements a. Arrangement of piping general (GL part 1 chapter 1 section 1.1.2 Section 11) Suctions in ballast water tanks are to be so arranged that the tanks can be emptied despite unfavourable conditions of trim and list. b. Piping systems (GL part 1 chapter 1 section 1.1.2 Section 11) Where a tank is used alternately for ballast water and fuel (change-over tank), the suction in this tank is to be connected to the respective system by three-way cocks with L-type plugs, cocks with open bottom or change-over piston valves. These must be arranged so that there is no connection between the ballast water and the fuel systems when the valve or cock is in an intermediate position. Change-over pipe connections may be used instead of the above mentioned valves. Each change-over tank is to be individually connected to its respective system. Where ballast water tanks may be used exceptionally as dry cargo holds, such tanks are also to be connected to the bilge system. Where, on cargo ships, pipelines are led through the collision bulkhead below the freeboard deck, a shut-off valve is to be fitted directly at the collision bulkhead inside the fore peak. The valve has to be capable of being remotely operated from above the freeboard deck. Where the fore peak is directly adjacent to a permanently accessible room (e.g. bow thruster room) which is separated from the cargo space, this shut-off valve may be fitted directly at the collision bulkhead inside this room without provision for remote control. c. Special Requirement for Tanker (GL Part 1, Chapter 2, Section 15) Means for ballasting segregated ballast tanks adjacent to cargo tanks shall be located in the cargo area and are to be independent of piping systems forward and aft of the cofferdams. On oil tankers the fore peak tank may be connected to the ballast systems under following - the fore peak tank is considered as gas dangerous space - the vent pipe openings are to be located 3 metres away from sources of ignition - means are to be provided on the open deck for the measurement of flammable gas concentrations inside the peak tank - access openings and sounding arrangements to this space are to be located on the open deck. In case were the fore peak is separated by a cofferdam from the cargo tanks a bolted manhole may be permitted in an enclosed space with the following warning

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TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION OF BALLAST SYSTEM

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"This manhole may only be opened after the tank has been proven gas free or all sources of ignition have been removed resp. electrical equipment in this space which is not of certified safe type has been isolated". On oil tankers an emergency discharge connection through a spool piece to cargo pumps may be provided. A non-return device in the ballast system shall be provided to prevent the backflow of cargo into ballast tanks. The spool piece together with a warning notice shall be mounted in a conspicuous location in pump room. Ballast water pipes, sounding and air pipes shall not pass through cargo oil tanks. Exemptions for short lengths of pipe may be approved by GL on condition that the following - Minimum wall thickness: up to DN 50 = 6,3 mm DN 100 = 8,6 mm DN 125 = 9,5 mm DN 150 = 11,0 mm DN 200 and larger = 12,5 mm - Only completely welded pipes or equivalent are permitted. - Where cargoes other than oil products are carried, relaxation from these requirements may be approved by GL. 5. DESIGN REQUIREMENT 5.1 PIPING SYSTEM - Ballast Tank Volume The ballast tank volume can be determined and shown in formula (1.1) below : . . Wballast . . . . . * 10% . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .(1.1) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...... = D .... ... where, Wballast = Weight of ballast D = Weight of displacement Therefore, we can find the needed ballast volume shown in formula (1.2) : Vballast. . . . .Wballast/ .air.laut. . . . . . . . . . (1.2) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. = ....... . .. ... - Pump Qapacity (Q) We need to estimate the filling and disposal time of ballast. t = 6 hours and then, we can calculate the value of qapacity through formula (2.1): . . Q . . . = . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .(2.1) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Vballast/t ... - Diameter of Pipe The following formula (3.1) shown as follow: . . . . . . .(4 . .Q)/(v.x. )0.5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . (3.1). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . dH = . x ... .... ... where, v = fluid velocity estimation - Head Pump a. i. Head static of pump (hs) hs = T+0.75 ii. Head pressure of pump (hp) hp = 0 m iii. Head velocity (hv) hv = 0 m iv. Head in suction pipe n = kinematic viscocity Reynold number (Rn)

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according to formula (3.1) below: . . . . . . .Rn. . .= . (v*dH)/n . . . . . . . . . . . . . (4.1). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...... ... For the frictional losses (l) will be determned if the value of reynold number <2300 will be used formula Re/64, and if not the following formula is 0.02+0.0005/D, through the following formula (3.2): . . . . . . . .=. .0.02+0.0005/dH . . . . . . . . (4.2) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . l ........... ... Mayor losses (hf) The following formula (3.3), as follow: . . . . . hf. . . . . . . . . /(D*2g) . . . . . . . . . . .(4.3) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . = l*L*v . . . . . ... where, L = the length of suction pipe = 7.5 m - Material and Thickness Steel Galvanized Pipe Category M or D Class III 5.2 PUMP Centrifugal Pump A centrifugal pump is a rotodynamic pump that uses a rotating impeller to increase the pressure and flow rate of a fluid. Centrifugal pumps are the most common type of pump used to move liquids through a piping system. The fluid enters the pump impeller along a near to the rotating axis and is accelerated are typically used for large discharge through smaller heads. The example will be given by Figure 1.3 Centrifugal Pump below.
2

Figure 1.3 Centrifugal Pump 5.3 VALVE AND FITTING a. Gate Valve A globe valve is a type of valve used for regulating flow in pipeline, consisting a moveable disk-type element and a stationary ring seat in a generally spherical body. Only be used for stop valve, not use in controlling pressure or flow capacity, for very high pressure, and according to the design of using gate will be minimized the corrotion efect. Gate Valve can be used in two ways. In this system gate valve used in manifold in loading and unloading. Below is the example of gate valve, shown in Figure 5.2 Gate

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TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION OF BALLAST SYSTEM

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Figure 5.2 Gate Valve b. Butterfly Valve A butterfly valve is a valve which can be used for isolating or regulating flow. The closing mechanism takes the form of a disk, which allows for quick shut off. Butterfly valve are generally favored because they are lower in cost to other valve designs as well as being lighter in weight, meaning less support is required. Used for stop valve only, for low working pressure. In this system, butterfly valve used in order before the pump, and as a connecting to another equipment to make a standby function. Below is the example of butterfly valve, shown in Figure 5.3 Butterfly Valve.

Figure 5.3 Butterfly Valve c. Non Return Valve Has same function with globe valve, working in very high pressure and just has one-way direction. Usually this valve is used in order after the pump and another lines that the fluids shall not back through the same line or just one-way direction. d. Filter Water Filter The sea water and fresh water systems on board ship are provided with line filters in order to trap the solid impurities flowing in the system. Normally the sea water sides has more number of filters incorporated in the line as compared to the fresh water system as the later is a closed system. The different applications for water filters are: - Sea Chest Strainer It is fitted in the main suction line of the sea water inlet system to the ship. The filter is casing normally fitted with marine growth preventive system. Normally a strainer is used in the sea chest so that the flow of water in the sea line is always maintained.

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TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION OF BALLAST SYSTEM

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- Fresh Water System Filter All the fresh water system such as drinking water system, sanitary water system, boiler feed water system etc. are incorporated with a line filter in the suction side of the pump. 6 SUMMARY NO CALCULATION SYMBOL RESULT 1 Pump qapacity Q 263.2 m3/h t 6.0 hours 2 Time of filling and disposal Head static hs 9.6 m 4 hp 0.0 m 5 Head pressure hv 0.0 m 6 Head velocity Rn 344098.9 7 Reynold number l 0.0 8 Frictional losses hf 0.9 m 9 Head friction1 hl 3.4 m 10 Head losses1 hf 0.9 m 11 Head friction2 Head losses2 hl 7.0 m 12 H 21.7 m 13 Head total For the pump selection and spesification refered to attachment no. 02: Merk = Taiko Type = EHS-251C Qapacity Head Rpm Power = = = = 375 30 1800 37 m3/h m RPM kW

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DESIGN-IV: MACHINERY BASIC DESIGN

ATTACHMENT NO. 01 CALCULATION TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION OF BALLAST SYSTEM

TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION OF BALLAST SYSTEM

Project Doc. No Rev.No Type

: DESIGN IV : 13 - 42 09 050 - BL : 01 : Attachment No. 01

1. Ballast Tank Volume The ballast tank volume can be determined and shown in formula (1.1) below : . . Wballast . . . .D . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .(1.1) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . = . * 10% ... where, Wballast = Weight of ballast D = Weight of displacement for the result: . . Wballast . . . .D . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .(1.1) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . = . * 10% ... = 16184.29*10% = 1618.43 ton Therefore, we can find the needed ballast volume shown in formula (1.2) : Vballast . .=. . Wballast/.air laut . . . . . . . . . (1.2) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... ....... ..... ... = 1618.43/1.025 =
3 1578.96 m

2. Pump Qapacity (Q) We need to estimate the filling and disposal time of ballast. t = 6 hours and then, we can calculate the value of qapacity through formula (2.1): . . Q . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .(2.1) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . = Vballast/t ... = 1578.96/6 = =
3 263.16 m /h 3 0.073 m /s

3. Diameter of Pipe The following formula (3.1) shown as follow: .dH. . .=. . (4.x. Q)/(v. x )0.5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . (3.1). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... ..... ... where, v = fluid velocity estimation for the result: dH . . = . . . x . . . . . x )^0.5) . . . . . . . . . . . .(3.1) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (4 . Q)/((v . . . . . . ... = (4 x 0.073)/((3 x )^0.5) = 0.09514 m = 95.14 mm = 3.75 inches Pipe selection based on ANSI Inside diameter = 3.834 inches Wall thickness = 0.83 inches Outside diameter = 4.00 inches Pipe size = 3 1/2 inches Schedule No. = 5S 4. Head Pump i. Head static of pump (hs) hs = T+0.75 = 8.8+0.75 = 9.55 m ii. Head pressure of pump (hp) hp = 0 m

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TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION OF BALLAST SYSTEM

iii. Head hv iv. Head n n dH velocity (hv) = 0 m in suction pipe = kinematic viscocity

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m2/s = 0.000000849 = Inside diameter = 3.834 inches = 0.09738 m Reynold number (Rn) according to formula (3.1) below: . . . . . . . Rn . . = . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (4.1). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . (v*dH)/n ... = (3*0.09738)/0.000000849 = 344098.9 For the frictional losses (l) will be determned if the value of reynold number <2300 will be used formula Re/64, and if not the following formula is 0.02+0.0005/D, through the following formula (3.2): . . . .l . . . . = . 0.02+0.0005/dH . . . . . . . . (4.2) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........... ... = 0.02+0.0005/0.09738 = 0.025 Mayor losses (hf) The following formula (3.3), as follow:
2 . . . . . . . . . . . .l*L*v . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .(4.3) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . hf = . . . /(D*2g) ... where, L = the length of suction pipe = 7.5 m for the result according to formula (4.3):

hf

2 = l*L*v /(D*2g) = 0.025*7.5*(3^2)/(0.09738*2*9.8) = 0.88 m

Minnor losses (hl) No Types 1 2 3 4 5 6 Elbow 90 T-join Filter Butterfly valve Gate valve SDRNV
o

n 1 2 1 2 1 1

k 0.57 1.14 1.5 0.86 0.15 1.23 total

nxk 0.57 2.28 1.5 1.72 0.15 1.23 7.45

head losses

= k total*v2/(2g) = 7.45*(3^2)/(2*9.8) = 3.421 m

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v. Head in discharge pipe Minnor losses (hl) No Types 1 Elbow 90 2 T-join 3 Butterfly v/v remotely 4 Butterfly valve 5 Gate v/v remotely 6 SDRNV head losses
o

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n 2 4 8 1 1 1

k 0.57 1.14 0.9 0.86 0.2 1.23 total

nxk 1.14 4.56 7.2 0.86 0.2 1.23 15.19

= k total*v2/(2g) = 15.19*(3^2)/(2*9.8) = 6.975 m Therefore, the total of Heads are: H = hs+hv+hp+hf1+hf2+hl1+hl2 = 9.55+0+0+0.88+0.88+3.421+6.975 = 21.71 m 5. The Power of Pump and Motor Required: Head = 21.71 m
3 Capacity = 263.160 m /h For the pump selection and spesification: Merk = Taiko Type = EHS-251C

Qapacity Head Rpm Power

= = = =

375 30 1800 37

m3/h m RPM kW

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DESIGN-IV: MACHINERY BASIC DESIGN

ATTACHMENT NO. 02 PUMP SPECIFICATION TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION OF BALLAST SYSTEM