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Box 2-C

Pharaonic chronology
Huni 4th Dynasty, ca. 26132494 bc: Sneferu Khufu Radjedef (Djedefra) Khafra Menkaura Shepsekaf 5th Dynasty, ca. 24942345 bc: Userkaf Sahura Neferirkara Shepseskara Raneferef Nyuserra Menkauhor Djedkara Izezy Unas 6th Dynasty, ca. 23452181 bc: Teti Userkara Pepy I Merenra Pepy II Queen Nitiqret First Intermediate Period, ca. 21812055 bc 7th and 8th Dynasties, ca. 21812160 bc: About 15 kings 9th and 10th Dynasties (a selection), ca. 21602025 bc: Khety (Meryibre) Khety (Nebkaura) Khety (Wahkara) Merykara 11th Dynasty, pre-unication, ca. 21252055 bc: Intef I, 21252112 Intef II, 21122063 Intef III, 20632055 Middle Kingdom, ca. 20551650 bc 11th Dynasty in a unied Egypt, ca. 20551985 bc: Nebhepetra Mentuhotep II Sankhkara Mentuhotep III

Dates given here are from The Oxford History of Ancient Egypt, edited by Ian Shaw (2000). There is no general agreement on exact dates before the 26th Dynasty, and dates of reigns and dynasties can vary in different modern sources. The spellings of kings names can also vary in modern books. Name forms used here are taken from the Shaw book. The kings names listed here are also selective and not comprehensive, especially for the intermediate periods. Dynasty 0, ca. 31003000 bc, including: Iry-Hor(?) Ka Scorpion Narmer Early Dynastic Period, ca. 30002686 bc 1st Dynasty, ca. 3000 2890 bc: Aha Djer Djet Queen Merneith Den Anedjib Semerkhet Qaa 2nd Dynasty, ca. 2890 2686 bc: Hetepsekhemwy Raneb Nynetjer Weneg Sened Peribsen Khasekhemwy Old Kingdom, ca. 26862181 bc 3rd Dynasty, ca. 2686 2613 bc: Djoser Sekhemkhet Khaba Sanakht(?)

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Nebtawyra Mentuhotep IV 12th Dynasty, ca. 1985 1773 bc: Amenemhat I Senusret I Amenemhat II Senusret II Senusret III Amenemhat III Amenemhat IV Queen Sobekneferu 13th Dynasty (a selection), ca. 1773 1650 bc: Wegaf Sobekhotep II Iykhernefert Neferhotep Ameny-intef-amenemhat Hor Khendjer Sobekhotep III Neferhotep I Sahathor Sobekhotep IV Sobekhotep V Ay Second Intermediate Period 14th Dynasty Minor kings probably contemporary with the 13th or 15th Dynasty 15th Dynasty, ca. 1650 1550 bc; 6 kings, including: Salitis Khyan Apepi Khamudi 16th Dynasty, ca. 1650 1580: Theban rulers contemporary with the 15th Dynasty 17th Dynasty, ca. 1580 1550 bc: Rahotep Sobekemsaf I Intef VI Intef VII Intef VIII Sobekemsaf II Siamen(?) Taa Kamose New Kingdom, ca. 15501069 bc 18th Dynasty, ca. 15501295 bc: Ahmose, 15501525 Amenhotep I, 15251504 Thutmose I, 15041492 Thutmose II, 14921479 Thutmose III, 14791425 Queen Hatshepsut, 14731458 Amenhotep II, 14271400 Thutmose IV, 14001390 Amenhotep III, 13901352 Amenhotep IV/Akhenaten, 13521336 Neferneferuaten/Smenkhkare, 13381336 Tutankhamen, 13361327 Ay, 13271323 Horemheb, 13231295 19th Dynasty, ca. 12951186 bc: Rameses I, 12951294 Sety I, 12941279 Rameses II, 12791213 Merenptah, 12131203 Amenmessu, 12031200(?) Sety II, 12001194 Saptah, 11941188 Queen Tausret, 11881186 20th Dynasty, ca. 11861069 bc: Sethnakht, 11861184 Rameses III, 11841153 Rameses IV, 11531147 Rameses V, 11471143 Rameses VI, 11431136 Rameses VII, 11361129 Rameses VIII, 11291126 Rameses IX, 11261108 Rameses X, 11081099 Rameses XI, 10991069 Third Intermediate Period, ca. 1069664 bc 21st Dynasty, ca. 1069945 bc: Smendes, 10691043 Amenemnisu, 10431039 Psusennes I, 1039991 Amenemope, 993984 Osorkon the Elder, 984978 Siamen, 978959

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Psusennes II, 959 945 22nd Dynasty, ca. 945 715 bc: Sheshonq I, 945 924 Osorkon I, 924 889 Sheshonq II, ca. 890 Takelot I, 889 874 Osorkon II, 874 850 Takelot II, 850 825 Sheshonq III, 825 773 Pimay, 773 767 Sheshonq V, 767730 Osorkon IV, 730 715 23rd Dynasty, ca. 818 715 bc: Rulers in various centers who were contemporary with the late 22nd, 24th, and 25th Dynasties Pedubastis I Iuput I Sheshonq IV Osorkon III Takelot III Rudamen Peftjauawybast Iuput II 24th Dynasty, ca. 727715 bc: Bakenrenef, 720 715 25th Dynasty, ca. 747 656 bc: Piy/Piankhy, 747716 Shabaqo, 716 702 Shabitqo, 702 690 Taharqo, 690 664 Tanutamani, 664 656 Late Period, 664332 bc 26th Dynasty, 664525 bc: Nekau I, 672 664 Psamtek I, 664 610 Nekau II, 610 595 Psamtek II, 595 589 Apries, 589 570 Ahmose II/Amasis, 570 526 Psamtek III, 526 525 27th Dynasty (Persian kings), 525 404 bc: Cambyses, 525 522 Darius I, 522 486 Xerxes I, 486465 Artaxerxes I, 465424 Darius II, 424 405 Artaxerxes II, 405359 28th Dynasty, 404399 bc: Amyrtaios, 404399 29th Dynasty, 399380 bc: Nepherites I, 399393 Achoris, 393380 Nepherites II, ca. 380 30th Dynasty, 380343 bc: Nectanebo I, 380362 Teos/Tachos, 362360 Nectanebo II, 360343 31st Dynasty (Persian kings), 343332 bc: Artaxerxes III, 343338 Arses, 338336 Darius III, 336332 Khababash (last known Egyptian ruler) Ptolemaic Period, 33230 bc Macedonian Dynasty, 332305 bc: Alexander III (the Great), 332323 Philip Arrhidaeus, 323317 Alexander IV, 317305 Ptolemaic Dynasty, 30530 bc: Ptolemy I Soter I, 305285 Ptolemy II Philadelphus, 285246 Ptolemy III Euergetes I, 246221 Ptolemy IV Philopator, 221205 Ptolemy V Epiphanes, 205180 Ptolemy VI Philometor, 180145 Ptolemy VII Neos Philopator, 145 Ptolemy VIII Euergetes II, 170116 Ptolemy IX Soter II, 116107 Ptolemy X Alexander I, 10788 Ptolemy XI Alexander II, 80 Ptolemy XII Neos Dionysos (Auletes), 8051 Cleopatra VII Philopator, 5130 Ptolemy XIII, 5147 Ptolemy XIV, 4744 Ptolemy XV Caesarion, 4430 Roman Period, 30 bcad 395 Augustus, 30 bcad 14 Tiberius, ad 1437

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Gaius/Caligula, 37 41 Claudius, 4154 Nero, 54 68 Galba, 68 69 Otho, 69 Vespasian, 69 79 Titus, 79 81 Domitian, 8196 Nerva, 96 98 Trajan, 98 117 Hadrian, 117138 Antoninus Pius, 138 161 Marcus Aurelius, 161180 Lucius Verus, 161169 Commodus, 180 192 Septimius Severus, 193 211 Caracalla, 198 217 Geta, 209 212 Macrinus, 217218 Didumenianus, 218 Severus Alexander, 222235 Gordian III, 222235 Philip, 238242 Decius, 249251 Gallus and Volusianus, 251253 Valerian, 253260 Gallienus, 253268 Macrianus and Quietus, 260261 Aurelian, 270275 Probus, 276282 Diocletian, 284305 Maximian, 286305 Galerius, 293311 Constantius, 293306 Constantine I, 306337 ad 395 is the beginning of the Byzantine/Coptic Period, with the division of the empire into East and West.