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Making Sense of Antennas

An Omni antenna radiates in a 360-degree pattern, either sending its transmission signal in all directions or receiving signals from all directions. These work well in industrial plants as signals will bounce off objects. NOTE: The distances in the chart assume the use of an Omni antenna at the receiver and line of sight (LOS) between the transmitter and receiver. Increased antenna height will maximize distances achieved. (dB losses increase with cable length)
Rule of Thumb Omni Transmit Distances MCR0dB Gain 5dB RAD, standard Omni base MCRwave whip station RT-I/OHeavily Heavily , Obstructed: Obstructed: MCR600-1,000 feet 1,000-2,500 feet RTLOS: 2-4 miles LOS: 10 miles DATA-
Top View

A Yagi antenna radiates in a focused pattern, either sending its transmission signal in one direction or receiving a signal from one direction. These work well when trying to penetrate through obstructions. NOTE: The distances in the chart assume the use of the same antenna on each end and line of sight (LOS) between the transmitter and receiver. Increased antenna height will maximize the distances achieved. (dB losses increase with cable length)
Rule of Thumb Yagi Transmit Distances MCR-RAD, 6dB Yagi MCR-RT-I/OA0012 , MCR-RTObstructed Path: DATA-.. 1-2 miles LOS: 15+ miles

Top View

Guidelines for situations where LOS cannot be achieved. 1) MCR-Radio modules will not transmit through dirt and rocks. Raise the antenna or use the devicesin a repeater fashion. 2) Leafy trees will weaken transmit signals. Raise the antenna or use a higher gain antenna to power through. Pine trees will weaken the transmit signal considerably. Try to stay above them. 3) Buildings and machines will obstruct and weaken signals. They can also be used to bounce signals. In congested industrial locations such as refineries, mills, tank farms, etc., the HopLinks can perform very well with bounced signals, especially off metallic structures. 4) Heavily obstructed sites should be tested with demonstration units to assess antenna choice and placement. Typical Equipment List Medium Range MCR-RAD Application: MCR-RAD TX/RX pair MCX(M) to BNC(F) 2 foot adapter for transmitter MCX(M) to BNC(F) 2 foot adapter for receiver Quantity 2:RG58 cable 20 feet of cable Quantity 2: A0017 5dB Omni antennas or A0012 6dB Yagi antennas Medium Range MCR-RT-I/O-PLUS Qty 2: MCR-RT-I/O-PLUS 2 transceivers Quantity 2: MCX(M) to BNC(F) 2 foot adapter for transceivers Quantity 2: RG58 cable 20 feet of cable Quantity 2: A0017 5dB Omni antennas or A0012 6dB Yagi antennas

Application Note: Recommended Antenna Mounting Height


The height an antenna should be mounted above the ground increases with the transmission distance. For maximum transmission effectiveness, the antennas at each end should be mounted above the 0.6 Fresnel Zone. The 0.6 Fresnel Zone is an area near the earth where echoes and multipathing can cause a reduction in the transmitted or received signal. Following is a chart that provides the recommended heights above ground that the antennas at each end should be mounted: Distance in miles (km) 0.25 miles (0.4km) 0.5 mi (0.8km) 0.75 mi (1.2km) 1.0 mi (1.6km) 1.5 mi (2.4km) 2.0 mi (3.2km) 3.0 mi (4.8km) 4.0 mi (6.4km) 5.0 mi (8.0km) 6.0 mi (9.6km) 7.0 mi (11.2km) 8.0 mi (12.8km) 9.0 mi (14.4km) 10.0 mi (16km) 11.0 mi (17.6km) 12.0 mi (19.2km) 13.0 mi (20.8km) 14.0 mi (22.4km) 15.0 mi (24km) Antenna height in feet 11.4 16.1 19.8 22.8 28.0 32.3 39.5 45.6 51.0 55.9 60.0 64.5 68.5 72.2 75.6 79.0 82.3 85.4 88.4 Antenna height in meters 3.47m 4.9m 6.0m 7.0m 8.5m 9.8m 12.0m 13.9m 15.5m 17.0m 18.4m 19.6m 20.9m 22.0m 23.0m 24.0m 25.0m 26.0m 27.0m

Add to these heights the height of any obstacles in the path. Note: In many cases the antennas do not need to be mounted this high. A field test with a working radio system will quickly determine if a propagation study needs to be done, and towers errected.

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