SocialSafeguards:

ChallengestotheUse ofCountrySystems of Country Systems

PeterLeonard Peter Leonard SafeguardsPracticeLeader EASSR EastAsiaPacificRegion WorldBank

April2012 A il 2012
The views in this presentation are the views of the author and y p do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of the Asian Development Bank (ADB), or its Board of Governors, or the government they represent. ADB does not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this presentation and accepts no responsibility for any consequence of their use. Terminology used may not necessarily be consistent with ADB official terms.

Social Safeguards

Environmental Assessment OP 4.01

Natural Habitats OP 4.04 Physical Ph i l Pest Dam Cultural Forests Management Safety Resources OP 4.36 OP 4.09 Op 4.37 OP 4.11

Social Assessment: Not a safeguard

Involuntary I di I l t Indigenous Resettlement Peoples OP 4.10 OP 4.12

Addresses other social risks and quality enhancement

Knowledge of safeguards is a core competency for social development staff

International waterways OP 7.50

Disputed areas OP 7.60

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Legal Safeguards

ChallengestoUseofCountrySystems SocialimpactscoveredbyOP4.01 Countryenvironmentallegislation&regulations Differentapproachesontakingintoaccountsocialsafeguards pp g g inenvironment(andsocial)impactassessment S Scope:typeofimpacts+socialissues fi i li Socialdevelopmentissues Methodologiesforscreeningandscoping

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Social Safeguards

InvoluntaryResettlementOP4.12
Lossoflandorotherassetsresultingin: Relocationorlossofshelter Lossofassetsoraccesstoassets Lossofincomesourcesormeansoflivelihood(whether Loss of income sources or means of livelihood (whether ornottheaffectedpersonsmustmovetoanother location)

Restrictionofaccesstolegallydesignatedparksandprotected areasthatresultinadverseimpactsonthelivelihoodsofaffected persons

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ChallengestoUseofCountrySystems Countrylawsandregulations Jurisdictionsandresponsibilities Projectcycle/workingupstream j y / g p Inadequateinstitutionalcapacityandarrangements Datacollection Socialaspectsintolargerphysicalrelocation Preparationandimplementationcapacity

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ChallengestoUseofCountrySystems contd ChallengestoUseofCountrySystems Fullreplacementcostsandcompensationmethods Livelihoodrestoration Monitoring Monitoring Grievanceredress Limitedorvaguebudgetandfinancing Capacitybuilding Capacity building
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Social Safeguards

PolicyChallengesandIssues

Scope of involuntary resettlement Scopeofinvoluntaryresettlement Replacementvalue p Livelihoodrestoration Eligibilitycriteria

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Social Safeguards

ScopeofOP4.12

Thepolicyappliestoallcomponentsoftheprojectthatresultininvoluntary resettlement,regardlessofthesourceoffinancing. Alsoappliestootheractivitiesresultingininvoluntaryresettlement,that,in thejudgmentoftheBank,are: directlyandsignificantlyrelatedtotheBankassistedproject necessarytoachieveitsobjectivesassetforthintheprojectdocuments, and carriedout,orplannedtobecarriedout,contemporaneouslywiththe project inadverseimpactsonthelivelihoodsofaffectedpersons

Restrictionofaccesstolegallydesignatedparksandprotectedareasthatresult

Social Safeguards

ReplacementValue
Impacts Lossoflandandotherassets Agriculturalandnonagriculturalland Housesandotherstructures Assets wells,trees,crops Compensation Fullreplacementcosts(marketvalueofassetsplustransactioncosts, registrationandtransfertaxes) Issues Whodeterminevalue? Whopaysforit? Whenisitdecided? Practice undervalued,undercompensated
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Social Safeguards

LivelihoodRestoration
Impacts Lossofincomeearningcapacity Compensationalonedoesnotguaranteetherestorationorimprovementof livingstandards Example:agriculturallandhasamarketvalue(requirescompensation),butit isalsothebasisforlivelihoodandfutureearningcapacity(requires rehabilitation) Issues Notpartofstandardpractice Household may have multiple providers of income require intrahousehold Householdmayhavemultipleprovidersofincome requireintra household analysis Womenhavedifferentopportunitiesforemployment requiregender analysis Vulnerable groups (poor elderly ethnic minorities) have different Vulnerablegroups(poor,elderly,ethnicminorities)havedifferent opportunitiesforlivelihoodrestoration establishcriteriaforvulnerability
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Social Safeguards

EligibilityCriteria PeopleWithoutSecurityofTenure People Without Security of Tenure

Definition Peopleclaimingownershipofprivatelandbutlackinglegaltitle Squattersonpubliclandorpublicsafetyzones(i.e.RightofWay) Ownersofenterpriseslackinglicensesortitles Mobilanditinerantvendors Impacts Squattersinoccupationoflandbefore projectinitiationmayhaveinvestedin structuresorlandimprovement Issues OP4.12 affectedpeoplewhodonothavelegaltitletolandsoccupied/usedby themneedtobeprovidedwithresettlementassistance Controversial norecognizedrights l d h
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OP4.10onIPs/EthnicMinorities /
IPs/EthnicMinoritiesreferstoadistinct, vulnerable,socialandculturalgroup possessingthefollowingcharacteristicsin varyingdegrees:

Selfidentificationandidentificationby others Collectiveattachmenttolandand naturalresources Customarycultural,economic,socialor politicalinstitutionsthatareseparate fromthoseofthedominantsociety andculture Indigenouslanguage

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ChallengestoUseofCountrySystems Policyrequirements:
Social assessment Socialassessment Free,priorinformedconsultationorconsent B d Broadcommunitysupport it t Culturallyappropriatebenefitsandmeasures EthnicMinorityDevelopmentPlan PhysicalrelocationofIPs/EthnicMinorities Landandnaturalresources
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ChallengestoUseofCountrySystems contd ChallengestoUseofCountrySystems

Landandnaturalresources:
Noactionplandevelopedforthelegalrecognitionoflandsandterritoriesthat IPs/EthnicMinoritieshavetraditionallyownedorcustomarilyusedor occupied Equitable benefits in commercial development of the natural resources on the Equitablebenefitsincommercialdevelopmentofthenaturalresourcesonthe landsorterritoriesofIPs/EthnicMinorities

Limitedintegrationwithproject Lackof,orinadequate,indicatorsanddatanotdisaggregated Inadequateinstitutionalanalysisandarrangements Limitedbudgetandfinancing ted budget a d a c g

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IPPolicyTriggers

PolicyistriggeredwhenIPs/EthnicMinoritiesarepresentin,orhave collectiveattachmentto,theprojectarea Coversgroupswhohavelosttheircollectiveattachmenttogeographically distincthabitatsorancestralterritoriesoccurringwithintheconcerned groupmemberslifetimebecauseofconflict,governmentresettlement programs,dispossessionfromtheirlands,naturalcalamities,or di i f h i l d l l ii incorporationofsuchterritoriesintoanurbanarea Excludeseconomicmigrantstourbanareas

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CoreElements

Screening SocialAssessment Social Assessment Free,priorandinformedconsultation leadingtobroadcommunitysupportto theproject PreparationoftheIPs/EthnicMinorities PlanorFramework DisclosureofthePlanorFramework

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SocialAssessment Consultation SocialAssessment

Free,priorandinformedconsultationleadingtobroadcommunitysupport Culturallyappropriate Genderandintergenerationallyinclusive Conductedingoodfaith Conducted in good faith Voluntary,freeofinterferenceand nonmanipulative

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LandsandRelatedNaturalResources

EMDPactionplanforlegalrecognitionofownership,occupation,orusageifthe projectinvolves: project involves: Activitiesthatarecontingentonestablishinglegallyrecognizedrightstolandsand y y p territoriesthatEMshavetraditionallyownedorcustomarilyusedoroccupied (suchaslandtitlingprojects) Theacquisitionofsuchlands

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