MSC May 2012

MODERNSTEEL CONSTRUCTION
IN THIS ISSUE
IDEAS
2
Awards
Staggered Truss System
Safety Products
MSC
May 2012
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4 MODERN STEEL CONSTRUCTION MAY 2012
MODERN STEEL CONSTRUCTION (Volume 52, Number 5. ISSN (print) 0026-8445: ISSN (online) 1945-0737. Published monthly by the American Institute of Steel
Construction (AISC), One E. Wacker Dr., Suite 700, Chicago, IL 60601. Subscriptions: Within the U.S.single issues $6.00; 1 year, $44; 3 years $120. Outside the
U.S.single issues $9.00; 1 year $88; 3 years $216. Periodicals postage paid at Chicago, IL and at additional mailing offices. Postmaster: Please send address changes
to MODERN STEEL CONSTRUCTION, One East Wacker Dr., Suite 700, Chicago, IL 60601.
AISC does not approve, disapprove, or guarantee the validity or accuracy of any data, claim, or opinion appearing under a byline or obtained or quoted from
an acknowledged source. Opinions are those of the writers and AISC is not responsible for any statement made or opinions expressed in MODERN STEEL
CONSTRUCTION. All rights reserved. Materials may not be reproduced without written permission, except for noncommercial educational purposes where fewer than
25 photocopies are being reproduced. The AISC and MSC logos are registered trademarks of AISC.
May 2012
ON THE COVER: Robert B. Aikens Commons University of Michigan Law School, Ann Arbor, Mich., 2012 IDEAS
2
National Award Winner, p. 34.
26
2012 IDEAS
2
Awards
50
Staggered Home
BY STEPHEN METZ, P.E.
A space-saving, economical staggered
steel truss system is helping Ohio State
accommodate more students in better facilities
in its South High-Rise Residential District.
54
Visiting an Old Friend for the First
Time
BY LAWRENCE F. KRUTH, P.E.
A photographic appreciation of the Mackinac
Bridge.
departments
6 EDITORS NOTE
9 STEEL INTERCHANGE
12 STEEL QUIZ
58 NEWS & EVENTS
resources
64 MARKETPLACE
65 EMPLOYMENT
65 ADVERTISER LIST
steelwise
17
Developing M
p
BY BO DOWSWELL, P.E., PH.D., AND LARRY
MUIR, P.E.
Does an R=3 directly welded flange moment
connection do it?
product expert series
20
Up-to-Date Safety
BY KRISTEN CHIPMAN
Safety equipment makers continue to improve
their productsas well as delivery methods
in response to ever-changing regulations and
the current economic climate.
columns
36
features
awards
2
0
1
2
in every issue
National Award$15 Million to $75 Million
CENTRA AT METROPARK, ISELIN, N.J.
National AwardLess than $15 Million
ROBERT I. SCHRODER PEDESTRIAN
OVERCROSSING, WALNUT CREEK, CALIF.
38
economics
23
Jobs and Productivity: The
Impact on Construction
BY JOHN CROSS, P.E.
Analyzing the economys influence
on building starts is a matter of
looking at the right numbers, the
right way.
people to know
66
World Class
Bender-roller George Wendt strives
for gold in the swimming pool and
the curved steel industry.
We Protect More Than Steel.
REASON N0. 350,745. Why galvanize? Consider the rush hour
commuters driving under steel signage who depend on its durability.
Corrosion costs our economy almost $300 billion annually. But the driver
in the red SUV is a stronger reason. Learn more at azzgalvanizing.com.
Editorial Offices
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Editorial Contacts
EDITOR & PUBLISHER
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AISC Officers
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William B. Bourne, III
VICE CHAIRMAN
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TREASURER
Stephen E. Porter
SECRETARY & GENERAL
COUNSEL
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STRUCTURAL ENGINEER
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editors note
AS WE TOURED THE TITANIC MUSEUM during a recent family vacation in Branson,
Mo., I couldnt help but think about the difference between walking through the exhibits
and watching a documentary on television.
My daughter, Julia, absolutely loved the
museum. She stopped to touch various arti-
facts, to chat with the staff, and to read sign
after sign after sign. In contrast, Im skeptical
I could get her to watch a documentary on the
disaster, even though it would have conveyed
much more information in a shorter amount
of time. The difference is entirely experien-
tial. One is active involvement, one is passive;
one involves moving, the other sitting; and
one allows you to interact with others, while
the other offers very limited opportunities.
Most importantly, I believe she retained
more information from having visited the
museum. Im certain seeing, in person, the
size of a third-class stateroom had more of an
impact than seeing one on a television screen.
And being able to talk with otherswhether
museum employees or other visitorscom-
pletes the experience. (Plus, there were no
distractions. When I attend a webinar at my
desk, Im often interrupted by a phone call or
someone stopping by my offce.)
Unfortunately, more and more often were
all turning to the impersonal virtual world
to the exclusion of in-person experiences. At
AISC, we now have many more attendees at
our webinars than we have at our in-person
seminars. And while attendees at NASCC:
The Steel Conference still outnumber web
participants, the latter is growing much faster
than the former.
The reasons for the growth in screen
time are obvious. Registration is often less
expensive, theres less time out of the offce,
its more convenient, and theres no travel
expense. (A really disturbing trend is that in-
creasingly, design frms are not only declining
to pay for continuing education but are also
requiring staff to take vacation time to attend
seminars.)
And while clearly there is an educational
beneft to attending a continuing educa-
tion program remotely, Im concerned that
something is lost in the process. The richness
of the experience is diminished. The knowl-
edge gained is less. Most importantly, what I
think of as the auxiliary learning, disappears.
The auxiliary learning is what you get from
casual conversations with your peers; from
being able to interact directly with speakers;
and from the inevitable contacts you make at
a live event. I know Ive learned more over
the years from these casual conversations,
whether with someone like George Wendt
on bending steel (see People to Know on
page 66) or Drew Davis about the future of
printed magazines.
By all means continue to take webinars. But
please, please dont neglect in-person events.
Go to your local SEA or fabricator associa-
tion meeting. Attend a SteelDay event this fall
(September 28visit www.steelday.org for
updated information). And if possible, attend
national events such as NASCC: The Steel
Conference.
SCOTT MELNICK
EDITOR
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MAY 2012 MODERN STEEL CONSTRUCTION 9
steel
interchange
If youve ever asked yourself Why? about something related to
structural steel design or construction, Modern Steel Constructions
monthly Steel Interchange column is for you! Send your
questions or comments to solutions@aisc.org.
Fillet Weld Terminations
Our company standard is to extend fillet welds to the
ends of connected parts unless noted otherwise on
the construction documents. On a recent project, the
inspector mentioned we should not be extending our
welds to the ends of the part, but rather should terminate
them one weld size before the edge. Is this correct for
statically loaded fillet welds?
Not necessarily. Fillet weld terminations are addressed in
AISC Specification Section J2.2b. Roughly two-thirds of the
way through that section, you will find the statement: Fillet
weld terminations are permitted to be stopped short or extend
to the ends or sides of parts or be boxed except as limited by
the following. Four cases are then listed that have specific
requirements. As long as one of these four cases does not apply
to your joint, then the fillet welds can be stopped short or
extended; either practice is acceptable.
If fillet welds are terminated, the inspector is correct
regarding the appropriate distance to terminate a fillet weld
from the edge of the part. Please see the User Note after the
list of four cases in Section J2.2b. The user note recommends
that fillet weld terminations should be located approximately
one weld size from the edge
Keith Landwehr
Bolt Installation
I was recently told by a steel erector that the steel used
on a project had a high friction coefficient, which made
it excessively difficult to apply the turn-of-nut method for
tightening bolts. The connections used 1-in.-diameter
A325 bolts in standard holes to join two flat plates. Per
RCSC Specification Section 6, washers were not required
to be used under the bolt head or the nut. Is there a
requirement for a maximum friction coefficient between
the turned element and base metal when using the turn-
of-nut installation method?
No. The friction coefficient between the turned element and
the base metal is not specified for the turn-of-nut installation
method in the RCSC Specification. The friction coefficient
between the turned element and the base metal will vary
based upon the surface condition and smoothness of each
surface. It can depend on the materials and the exposure they
have experienced, and also on whether the turned element
galls the surface on which it is turned. Some people in the
industry prefer to use a hardened washer under the turned
element, even when it is not a specification requirement.
Doing so makes for a more predictable surface under the
turned element, and also eliminates the potential for galling.
Erin Criste
Built-Up Column Design
As part of a renovation project, I need to add cover
plates to an existing wide-flange column in order for it
to be able to carry additional load. I am having difficulty
determining the effective slenderness ratio for this cross-
section per AISC Specification Section E6.1. How are the
variables A, a and r
ib
determined for a cover-plated wide-
flange column?
AISC Specification Section E6.1 does not apply to your built-up
cross-section. The scoping statement of this section identifies
that Section E6.1 applies to built-up members composed
of two shapes. The intent is that they are members similar
to double-angles or double-channels. Cover plates are not
considered rolled shapes. The modified slenderness ratio in
Section E6.1 is included as a convenience in lieu of specifically
accounting for shear forces and deformations between the
individual elements of the built-up member.
The prescriptive requirements of Section E6.2 do apply
and you will likely need to do some calculations to determine
the required shear flow between the wide-flange shape and
the plates. It is likely that the prescriptive requirements will be
sufficient for shear flow, but you will have to determine that for
your particular case. One approach is to use an analysis similar
to what is done in the following AISC Engineering Journal
article: Analytical Criteria for Stitch Strength of Built-Up
Compression Members by Aslani and Goel (3rd Quarter 1992).
This article is available at www.aisc.org/epubs.
Heath Mitchell, S.E., P.E.
Flange Local Bending
In AISC 360-10 Section J10.1, Flange Local Bending, why
is the width of the flange, b
f
, not included in the equation
for flange local bending capacity? One would think that
a wider flange would have less bending capacity than a
narrower flange of the same thickness.
The flange width is incorporated into the derivation of the
equation for flange local bending capacity, but it drops out since
it is on both the demand and the resistance side. On the demand
side, the flange width is used to calculate the total load applied
and its moment arm. On the resistance side, an approach similar
to a yield line analysis is used to determine the amount of the
flange, in the longitudinal direction, that participates in the
resistance. This is dependent on the flange width.
The equation is based on the work of Graham (1960) listed
in the references to the Specification.
Larry S. Muir, P.E.
steel interchange
ANSI Roughness Criteria
AISC Code of Standard Practice Section 6.2.2 says surfaces
noted as finished on the drawings are defined by a
maximum ANSI roughness height of 500. Can you explain
what the height of 500 is and how it is measured?
The 500 value refers to a finished surface roughness of 500
in. (micro-inches). The user note to AISC Code Section
6.2.2 states that most cutting and milling processes meet this
requirement. Guidance for measuring surface roughness is
found in ANSI/ASME B46.1.
Erin Criste
HSS Connection
Using the equations in AISC 360-10 Table K3.1 for
round HSS-to-HSS moment connections, my connection
has more capacity than the branch member itself, as
determined by AISC 360-10 Section F8. This seems odd.
It would seem that the equations in Section K3 should
have an upper bound of the member capacity given in
Section F8. Why is this not the case?
AISC Specification Chapter K addresses connections between
HSS in a manner consistent with how Chapter J addresses
other connections. For example, one could put 100 rows of
bolts in a W810 and calculate a bolt group strength that
greatly exceeds the member strength, but the strength of the
system will still be limited to that of the member. Chapter K
only addresses the local effects of the connections, not the
strength of the members themselves, which are addressed
elsewhere in the Specification.
Larry S. Muir, P.E.
Extended Single-Plate Connection
The AISC Manual only shows stabilizer plates graphically
at a beam-to-column web connection. Would the same
concept apply to a beam-to-beam connection where we
have to use an extended single plate? In this case we
would end up with a full-depth shear plate using the beam
flanges as the stabilizing element.
The need to check for adequate stabilization of the supported
beam applies to any extended plate configuration, regardless
of the supporting member. Stabilizing plates are only required
when the extended single plate does not have the torsional
strength to resist lateral displacement of the beam in the
connection region. The following Engineering Journal article
discusses how one determines if stabilizer plates are needed:
On the Need for Stiffeners for and the Effect of Lap
Eccentricity on Extended Shear Tabs by W.A. Thornton
and P. Fortney (2nd Quarter 2011). This article is available at
www.aisc.org/epubs.
The results of this paper have been incorporated into the
14th Edition AISC Manual discussion of, and design procedure
for, extended single plates.
Seismic Compactness
According to AISC 341-05 Section 8.2b, members that
are required to be seismically compact shall not have
elements that exceed the limiting width-thickness ratios
of Table I-8-1. Can a section that is not seismically
compact be used if its available strength is determined
using either of the following?
(a) An effective area and section properties calculated using
reduced element widths that meet the maximum width-
to-thickness ratio requirements of Table I-8-1.
(b) An effective yield stress determined from the width-to-
thickness ratio meeting the requirements of Table I-8-1.
No. Your approach may work for members that behave
elastically, but it is not appropriate for members that are
expected to have stable cyclic performance in the inelastic
range. The Commentary to AISC 341-10 states: To provide
for reliable inelastic deformations in those members of the
SFRS that require moderate to high levels of inelasticity, the
width-to-thickness ratios of compression elements should be
less than or equal to those that are resistant to local buckling
when stressed into the inelastic range. Using lower stresses
in design would not accomplish the same effect and would not
satisfy the intent of the AISC Seismic Provisions.
Steel Interchange is a forum to exchange useful and practical professional ideas and
information on all phases of steel building and bridge construction. Opinions and
suggestions are welcome on any subject covered in this magazine.
The opinions expressed in Steel Interchange do not necessarily represent an official
position of the American Institute of Steel Construction and have not been reviewed. It is
recognized that the design of structures is within the scope and expertise of a competent
licensed structural engineer, architect or other licensed professional for the application of
principles to a particular structure.
If you have a question or problem that your fellow readers might help you solve, please
forward it to us. At the same time, feel free to respond to any of the questions that you
have read here. Contact Steel Interchange via AISCs Steel Solutions Center:
One East Wacker Dr., Suite 700
Chicago, IL 60601
rel: 8.ASK.ASC lox: 312.803.470
solutions@aisc.org
The complete collection of Steel Interchange questions and answers is available online.
Find questions and answers related to just about any topic by using our full-text search
capability. Visit Steel Interchange online at www.modernsteel.com.
Heath Mitchell is director of technical assistance and Erin Criste is staff engineer, technical
assistant at AISC. Keith Landwehr and Larry Muir are consultants to AISC.
1 True/False: AISC 360 Appendix 4
pertains to sustained elevated
temperatures.
2 True/False: The use of the turn-
of-nut method is acceptable for
pretensioned installation of TC bolts.
3 Whi ch AWS standard defi nes
t he s t andar d s ymbol s and
nomenclature for weld callouts?
a) AWS D1.1 b) AWS D1.8
c) AWS A2.4 d) AWS B1.11
4 Which part of the 14th Edition AISC
Manual has information on OSHA
requirements for erection safety?
a) Part 2 b) Part 9
c) Part 14 d) None of the above
5 True/Fal se: Chapter N i n the
2010 AISC Specification provides
requirements for inspection that
can be used as a guide for devel-
oping in-house procedures and
inspection training.
6 True/False: Weld access holes at
the flange-to-web interface are
not required when attaching the
flanges of a wide-flange column to
a base plate using complete-joint-
penetration (CJP) groove welds.
7 Which Chapter in the 2010 AISC
Specification contains requirements
that apply to thermal cutting?
a) L b) M
c) N d) None of the above
8 True/False: Lifting lugs (or pad
eyes) that meet the dimensional
requirements of AISC Specification
Section D5.2 can be designed using
the provisions of Section D5 for pin-
connected members.
9 True/False: Only qualified paints
that have been tested to result in
a Class A or Class B slip resistance
are allowed to be applied to the
fayi ng surfaces i n sl i p-cri ti cal
connections.
10 True/False: AISC determines the
dimensional properties of the steel
shapes shown in the AISC Manual.
TURN TO PAGE 14 FOR ANSWERS
steel
quiz
This months Steel Quiz focuses on fabrication, erection and industrial building
design. Most of the answers can be found in the AISC Specifcation (AISC 360)
and AISC Manual, as well as on the AISC and Modern Steel Construction websites.
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Some RWKHU Historical Events in 1887
Thomas Stevens is 1st man to bicycle around the world (SF-SF)
In Punxsutawney, Pennsylvania the first Groundhog Day is observed
To avoid disputed national elections, Congress creates Electoral Count Act
Cubs sell Mike King Kelly to Boston for record $10,000
Oregon becomes 1st US state to make Labor Day a holiday
Anne Sullivan begins teaching 6 year old blind-deaf Helen Keller
North Carolina State University is founded by the North Carolina General Assembly
Everett Horton, CT, patents fishing rod of telescoping steel tubes
Chester Greenwood of Maine patents earmuffs
Susanna Medora Salter elected 1st US woman mayor (Argonia, KS)
Huntsville Electric Co forms to sell electricity
1st transcontinental train arrives in Vancouver, BC
Racetrack betting becomes legal in NY state
Herman Hollerith receives a patent for his punch card calculator
Rowell Hodge patents barbed wire
Mighty (Dan) Casey struck-out in a game with NY Giants!
Philadelphia celebrates 100th anniversary of US Constitution
Emile Berliner patents the Gramophone
A Miles patents elevator
Detroit (NL) beats St Louis (AA) 10 games to 5 in World Series
Notre Dame loses its 1st football game 8-0 to Michigan
US receives rights to Pearl Harbor, on Oahu, Hawaii
SL SL SL
1887 1887 1887
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ANSWERS
1 False. Appendix 4 is for steel
exposed to f i re condi ti ons,
which is a temporary exposure
to elevated temperatures. It is
not intended for the design of
steel that experiences sustained
elevated temperatures. There
are other resources for this type
of desi gn. ASME Boi l er and
Pressure Vessel Code Section
II, Part D provides tables for
sustained elevated temperature
properties, including values of F
y
and F
u
at elevated temperatures,
and design values for numerous
carbon and alloy steels.
2 True. Any of the installation methods
in RCSC Specification Section
8.2 are permitted when installing
tension control (TC) bolts. The usual
approach with TC bolts is to use the
twist-off feature and method, but
sometimes this cant be done (e.g.,
in cases where there is no access
to enter the TC installation tool).
In such cases another method, like
the turn-of-nut method, can be
used. It is important to note that
the splined end of the TC bolt will
not be sheared off in this case; this
is not a cause for rejection of the
installation.
3 (c) AWS A2.4 Standard Symbols
for Welding, Brazing, and Non-
Destructive Examination provides
standard welding symbols and
nomenclature. The current edition
of AWS A2.4 was published in 2012
and is available at www.aws.org.
4 (d) Part 2 of the 14th Edition AISC
Manual includes a discussion
of t he OSHA requi rement s
for erection safety. The actual
regulations are available on the
OSHA website at www.osha.gov.
The ten most frequently cited
OSHA regulations in our industry
are listed on the AISC Safety web
page www.aisc.org/safety.
5 True. Chapter N can be used
as a gui de f or devel opi ng
these procedures. There are
steel quiz
al so other publ i cati ons that
may be useful, such as SSTCs
Shop Inspection Handbook for
Structural Steel Buildings. Visit
www.steelstructures.com.
6 False. In order to use an AWS
D1.1 prequalified joint, a weld
access hole is required. The weld
access hole provides clearance
for a backing bar if welding from
one side, or access to back gouge
and re-weld if welding the joint
from both sides without the use
of a backing bar. The weld access
hole should be dimensioned as
required by AISC 360 Section
J1.6. Most column bases require
only fillet welds, which do not
require weld access holes.
7 (b) AISC Specification Chapter M
provides general requirements for
fabrication and erection. Section
M2. 2 addresses the qual i ty
requirements for thermally cut
edges. Sections M2.5 and M2.9
address the requirements for
thermally cut holes for bolts and
anchor rods, respectively.
8 True. Pin material is governed
by Section D5 in the 2010 AISC
Specification. However, spreader
beam lifting lugs typically do
not meet t he di mensi onal
requirements of Section D5.2.
Usually, the pin hole diameter
exceeds the maximum of
1
32 in.
clearance provided in this section.
When lifting lugs fall outside the
limits imposed by Chapter D for
pin-connected members, other
resources, such as ASME BTH-1,
are needed to design the lug.
9 True. Non-qualified coatings are
not allowed on the faying surfaces
of slip-critical connections. The
area that must be kept free of
non-qualified paint is illustrated
in RCSC Specification Figure
C-3.1 on page 16.2-20 of the 14th
Edition AISC Manual.
10 Fal se. The di mensi onal and
physical properties of hot-rolled
steel shapes are specified in
ASTM A6. Pipes are defined
in ASTM A53, and HSS cross-
sections are determined by the
Steel Tube Institute of North
America following the information
provided in ASTM A500.
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2002 EAE Merit Award 400
tons of 16 inch pipe curved for JFK
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CHANGE TO AN AUTHORITATIVE work on a seemingly unchangeable
practice or engineering norm can understandably be met with confusion.
Heres an example: A common R=3 moment connection is the directly
welded fange connection shown in Figure 1. These connections are
designed based on the assumption that the web connection carries the
entire shear force and the moment is resolved into a couple with a lever
arm equal to the distance between the fange centroids. This assumption
was clearly stated in the 9th Ed. ASD and the 1st Ed. LRFD Manuals of
Steel Construction.
With the format change in the 2nd Ed. LRFD Manual, further
explanation of the behavior of these connections, with references to the
research, was included. However, while no change had occurred in the
underlying philosophy for designing these connections, all reference to
the plastic moment of the beam had been removed from the discussion
in the 3rd Ed. LRFD Manual, and only an allowance for some inelastic
deformation and a reference to some of the research remained.
This change has led to some confusion regarding these connections.
What was once a commonly held truththat these connections could
develop the design strength of the beam through the fanges aloneis
now frequently questioned and disputed. Our hope here is to reintro-
duce some age-old wisdom to todays engineers.
As stated previously, it is assumed that the fexural stresses over the entire
cross section can be safely carried by the fanges, as shown in Figure 2. If the
beam is loaded to its plastic moment capacity, the axial stress in the fange
is greater than its yield strength, due to the bending stress in the beam
web. However, tests have shown that these connections can carry moments
greater than the plastic capacity of the beam, even when combined with
shear loads approaching the shear yield strength of the beam.
There have been many test programs with directly welded moment
connections loaded to failure under monotonic and cyclic loading (see
sidebar on p. 19). The specimens generally had a fnal failure mode
DEVELOPING M
p
BY BO DOWSWELL, P.E., PH.D.,
AND LARRY MUIR, P.E.
steelwise
Does an R=3 directly welded
fange moment connection do it?
Bo Dowswell, P.E., is cofounder of and principal with SDS
Resources, LLC, in Birmingham, Ala. Larry Muir, P.E., is a structural
steel consultant in Atlanta and the chair of Task Committee 6,
Connection Design, of the Committee on Specications.
Fig. 1: Directly welded moment connection.
Fig. 2: Idealized stress flow.

of tension fange rupture. The applied moment consistently
exceeded the plastic moment capacity of the beam calculated
with the yield strength from tensile coupon tests. Strain hard-
ening is the reason provided by most researchers to explain
the ability of the fanges to carry loads exceeding their yield
strength; however, several specimens were loaded well in excess
of the measured tensile strength.
While it is clear that strain hardening of the beam fanges
plays a signifcant role in the performance of directly welded
moment connections, another important factor is the trans-
verse restraint of the fange at the column face. Generally, the
fange is free to deform through the thickness as shown in Fig-
ure 3a. However, deformation across the width of the fange is
restrained as shown in Figure 3b.
Fig. 3. Restraint at the beam flange.
The triaxiality increases with the level of restraint, which
results in increased strength and decreased ductility. Figure 4
shows the stress-strain curves for tension members with various
levels of restraint. If the member is restrained in one direction,
the yield and tensile strength is higher than that of a uniaxially
loaded member, but there is a decrease in ductility. Members
restrained in two directions have a much higher strength, but
very limited ductility.
Of course, the preceding discussion is over-simplifed to
illustrate the effect of restraint on the performance of moment
connections. One test (Shafer et al; see sidebar) showed that
the level of triaxiality is actually non-uniform across the width
and through the thickness of the beam fange. It also showed
that the experimental rupture load increased with the level of
triaxiality in the beam fange, and determined that the fanges
ruptured at stresses between 120% and 170% of the tensile
strength.
Web Connection
A common misconception is that slip-critical joints are nec-
essary at the web connection to limit the vertical movement
of the beam after the fanges have been welded. This would
presumably prevent secondary bending and shear stresses in
the beam fange in the area between the column fange and
the weld access hole. However, the tests showed no decrease in
strength when bearing joints were used. Furthermore, most of
the tests with slip-critical joints had slip occur at some point in
the testing, effectively rendering the web connection a bearing
joint anyway.
An additional advantage of using bearing joints is the potential
for reduced cost of installing the bolts and preparing the faying
surfaces. In most bearing joints, the bolts are only required to be
snug tight, which takes less time to install and inspect than the
pretensioned bolts that are required in slip-critical joints. Bear-
ing joints will also eliminate the cost of blocking paint at the
faying surfaces or wire brushing at galvanized faying surfaces
that may be required for slip-critical joints.
Testing has shown that web connections perform well with
either standard holes or horizontal slots. An advantage of using
short slots is the ability to facilitate shop and erection tolerances.
A further practical consideration is weld shrinkage. Typical
complete-joint-penetration groove welds in a directly welded
fange connection can be expected to shrink about
1
16 in. when
the weld cools and contracts. For beams with thicker fanges,
shrinkage could be around
3
16 in. For this reason, it is usually
advisable to use short slotted holes in the shear connection and
leave the bolts snug tightened to better accommodate the weld
shrinkage.
Physical tests have shown that the plastic moment of the beam
can be developed with suffcient inelastic rotation and deforma-
tion capacity through the beam-fange-to-column connection.
Therefore, in R=3 applications, the moment can be resolved into
an effective tension-compression couple acting as axial forces at
the beam fanges. This apparent increase in strength over the
prediction of elastic theory is due to strain hardening and trans-
verse restraint of the beam fange at the column face.
steelwise
3a. yielding through

the flange thickness
3b. restraint across
the flange width
Fig 4. Stress-strain curves for steel under various levels of restraint.

Moment Connections, Tested
Several tests have been performed,
and subsequent papers/reports written,
on directly welded moment connec-
tions. Here are ten:
Blackman, B. and Popov, E.P. (1995),
Studies in Steel Moment Resist-
ing Beam-to-Column Connections for
Seismic-Resistant Design, Report No.
UCB/EERC-95/11, Earthquake Engi-
neering Research Center, October.
Chen, W.F. and Patel, K.V. (1981),
Static Behavior of Beam-to-Column
Moment Connections, Journal of the
Structural Division, ASCE, Vol. 107, No.
ST9, September.
Engelhardt, M.D. and Husain, A.S.
(1992), Cyclic Tests on Large Scale
Steel Moment Connections, Report
No. PMFSEL 92-1, Phil M. Ferguson
Structural Engineering Laboratory, The
University of Texas at Austin, June.
Huang, J.S., Chen, W.F. and Beedle,
L.S. (1973), Behavior and Design of
Steel Beam-to-Column Connections,
WRC Bulletin 188, Welding Research
Council, October.
Krawinkler, H. and Popov, E.P. (1982),
Seismic Behavior and Design of
Moment Connections and Joints,
Journal of the Structural Division,
ASCE, Vol. 108, No. ST2, February.
Popov, E.P. and Tsai, K.C. (1989),
Performance of Large Seismic Steel
Moment Connections Under Cyclic
Loads, Engineering Journal, AISC,
Second Quarter.
Popov, E.P., Amin, N.R., Louie, J.C. and
Stephen, R.M. (1986), Cyclic Behavior of
Large Beam-Column Assemblies, Engi-
neering Journal, AISC, First Quarter.
Popov, E.P. and Stephen, R.N. (1970),
Cyclic Loading of Full-Size Steel Con-
nections, Report No. EERC 70-3, Earth-
quake Engineering Research Center, July.
Shafer, B.W., Oj drovi c, R.P., and
Zarghamee, M.S. (2000), Triaxiality
and Fracture of Steel Moment Connec-
tions, Journal of Structural Engineer-
ing, ASCE, Vol. 126, No. 10, October.
Stojadinoviv, B., Goel, S.C., Lee, K.H.
and Choi, J.Y. (2000), Parametric Tests
on Unreinforced Steel Moment Connec-
tions, Journal of Structural Engineering,
ASCE, Vol. 126, No. 1, January.
Theres always a safe solution in steel.
Think Safe
Think Steel
www.aisc.org/safety
GIVEN THE VARIETY of operations that occur in a fabri-
cation shop, its no surprise that fabricator safety concerns are
widespread. While some of these concerns apply to multiple
industries, others are specifc to fab shops.
Recent and proposed OSHA, ACGIH (American Confer-
ence of Industrial Hygienists) and EPA regulation changes
have only increased these concerns. As the fabrication indus-
try adjusts to better understand and meet these regulations,
suppliers of industrial engineering controls and personal pro-
tective equipment have also been working to upgrade their
products, as necessary, to meet these requirements.
Welding Fumes
One potential concern is the effect of welding fumes. In
2006, OSHA published the fnal Hexavalent Chromium Stan-
dard, which sets limits on that compound, and ACGIH, in
2010, proposed more stringent requirements on manganese
fumes. In addition, new clean air regulations were announced
by the EPA last year. All of these developments affect how
fabricators deal with welding fumes.
As with any risk, the frst step is to eliminate the hazard if
possible. Although its not commonly feasible to change base
metals, many of these hazards can be reduced by enacting mi-
nor changes in welding wire or welding processes. Assuming
that a major overhaul to the welding process is not possible,
the next step for shops to take is to minimize exposure levels.
Many vendors supply engineered central ventilation systems
that can effectively reduce weld fumes in most shops. This
option is typically very expensive, however, and not feasible
in all circumstances. That said, more cost-effective point-of-
operation ventilation systems are becoming available. These
fume extraction devices can be broken down into three areas:
Fixed (mounted to a wall or work station)
Portable units (small enough to pick up and move)
Mobile units (slightly larger units on wheels for easy
movement in shop environments)
In situations where these solutions are employed but
where employees still face exposure to fumes, the last line of
defense is personal protective equipment, and there are plenty
of products in this category.
The most appropriate type of respiratory device depends
on the exposure level against which shop workers need to be
protected. Negative pressure, half mask and/or full-face res-
pirators are often used. A recent trend in the fabrication shop
welding operations is the use of a powered air-purifying res-
pirator (PAPR). While generally much more costly than other
solutions, they can increase comfort for employees by limiting
the need for multiple personal protective equipment (PPE)
items. PAPR assemblies work as a hard hat, eye protection,
welding hood and respiratory protection all in one. The air
can also be cooled and/or heated for work comfort where ex-
treme temperatures are a concern. While it is true that PAPRs
can reduce the wearers mobility and peripheral vision, their
design has greatly improved over the last few years; they have
become lighter, they have more features, their batteries last
longer and their costs have leveled out due to competition.
Fall Protection
Another hazard that the fabrication industry is well aware of
is injury due to falls. The use of engineering controlsscaffold,
aerial lifts, handrails, etc.has greatly increased in recent years
but often does not completely remove the need for personal fall
protection. In addition, protecting a worker from a lower level
when that level is only a few feet below them is a huge challenge
within the industry. This, along with the fact that many shops
have overhead cranes and/or very high ceiling structures, signif-
icantly limits the anchorage points available for tie-off systems.
For several years, manufacturers of fall protection systems
have been working with the industry to invent and manufac-
ture solutions to fall-protection issues. Recently, there has
been a trend towards the use of personal self-retracting life-
lines (SRLs). The intent of SRLs is to limit an employees fall
to a matter of inches, not feet. This makes them very effcient
Safety equipment makers continue to improve
their productsas well as delivery methodsin
response to ever-changing regulations and the
current economic climate.
BY KRISTEN CHIPMAN
product
expert series
UP-TO-DATE
SAFETY
Kristen Chipman is an
environmental, health and
safety professional with
Cianbro Fabrication and
CoatingCorporation (AISC
Member) in Pittseld,
Maine, and is a member of
AISCs Safety Committee.
She can be reached at
kchipman@cianbro.com.
for use in lower elevation fall hazard situations. There are
even personal SRLs available that can be used in a horizontal
tie-off situation when tying off vertically is not possible. It is
important to note one potential drawback of SRLs, though:
If a person is, say, 10 ft from the tie-off point, they could
theoretically fall and swing like a pendulum, potentially im-
pacting an object. Employers should work closely with a fall
protection supplier to under-
stand the appropriate usage
and limitations of any SRL
system and what supplemen-
tal safety equipment might
be needednot to mention
their applicability for a spe-
cifc shopand train their
employees on their features.
Industrial Vending Machines
When it comes to PPE, its not just about what to use;
these days its increasingly about how PPE is supplied. The
economic downturn has caused many fabrication shops to cut
back on employees. Businesses are running lean and the task
of inventory and ordering of safety supplies and consumables
has become more of a challenge. Out of this need, a creative
and increasingly popular service has been born, that of the
industrial vending machine.
Several vendors now offer these machines for consumable
and safety items. Gone are the days of Are we all out of face
shields again? or Do you know when our glove order is
coming in? These vendors set up on-site machines to pro-
vide shops with whatever is needed in terms of safety-related
items. The vendors stock the items for the shop (typically
out of a local store) and many have an online minimum-max-
imum program so supplies
never run out in the shop.
Shops are looking more and
more to this type of system,
as ease of ordering and au-
tomatic billing save admin-
istrative timeplus, items
are readily available. Not
only that, but their sales are
tracked via reporting software by employee name or number,
which can assist businesses in minimizing theft or misuse of
what is purchased. And, both fab shops and equipment suppli-
ers can keep tabs on replacement rates for different types of
equipmentwhich can potentially lead to the development
of longer-lasting safety equipment that is more economical
and, ultimately, safer.
As with any risk, the frst step is to
eliminate the hazard if possible.
Phone: 281-20-9749 Fax: 281-20-9771
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Consulting Services, Inc.
Hayward/San Mateo OCEA 1968
http://www.asce.org/opal/past_ocea.cfm#1968
3
rd
ORTHOTROPIC
BRIDGE
CONFERENCE
Call for abstracts due on or before Sept. 15, 2012
Email one page abstract to: Abstract_3OBC@hotmail.com
Three-Day Conference with Workshop and Tours
Northern California, USA, June 25, 26, 27, 28 & 29, 2013
The American Society of Civil Engineers, The Metropolitan Transportation
Commission and the sponsoring organizations invite you to attend and
participate in the third Orthotropic Bridge Conference. The objectives of this
Conference are to present the latest developments in the design, construction,
maintenance and repairs of orthotropic decks on bridges worldwide, and visit
California orthotropic bridges in operation. Many of the leading engineers and
researchers who contributed to the spectacular advances of orthotropic decks
will present their views at this conference. Many notable bridge engineers
from across the USA and more than ten other countries have participated
in 2004 and 2008. The conference hotel selection has not been fnalized,
and the hotel will be located between, Sacramento, California USA and San
Francisco, California USA.
Tentative Schedule:
Attendees may register for all events, or events may be selectively attended,
including a one-day registration for any day of the 3-day conference. See
www.orthotropic-bridge.org for more details - subject to changes.
Tue 25 June: One-day workshop Orthotropic Deck Bridges. Separate
registration details to be provided later.
Wed 26 -
Fri 28 June: Orthotropic Bridge Conference
Opening times:
Wed - Thur: 8:00 AM to 5:00 PM
Friday: 8:00 AM to 11:00 AM
Separate registration includes two luncheons
Tours:
Thur 27 June: Night (6:00 PM to 11:00 PM) bus tour of the San Francisco /
Oakland Bay Bridge East Spans (SAS = Self-Anchoring
Suspension Orthotropic Spans
http://www.mtc.ca.gov/projects/bay_bridge/
Fri 28 June: Optional boat tour East Spans SAS & Golden Gate Bridge
(12:00 PM to 6:00 PM) Separate registration
Sat 29 June: Tour of nine orthotropic bridges in the San Francisco Bay
Area (7:00 AM to 10:00 PM); Separate registration includes
bus fare and meals.
CD Rom copies of 2004 OBC proceedings: $80 USA Dollars
CD Rom copies of 2008 OBC proceedings: $125 USA Dollars
(Cost will include tax and shipping charges - shipped 1 - 2 weeks
USA funds required - payable to: ASCE Capital Branch)
ASCE/SEI Sponsored Event
Equal Co-Sponsors:
ASCE, Sacramento Section, Capital Branch
P.O. Box 1492, Lincoln, CA 95648-1492
Phone: +1(916) 961-2723
E-mail: orthotropic_bridge_org_asce@yahoo.com
http://www.orthotropic-bridge.org
More Sponsors and Vendors desired: www.facebook.com/#!/events/305620086119534/
Co-Chairs: Ajay Sehgal, PE
Alfred R. Mangus, PE
Ofce Staff: Vivian Mevorah
Committee Chairs:
Technical co-chairs: Charles Seim, PE
Lian Duan, PhD, PE
Secretary: Ray Zelinski, PE
Finance: Richard Weitzenberg, PE
Past Chairs: Natalie E. Calderone, PE
Matthew Socha, PE
Research Chair: Robert W. Luscombe, PE
Scientic Chair: M. Henk KoIstein, PhD, PE
Scientic Vice Chair: Su Hao, PhD
HoteI Chair: Thor Larsen, PE
Webmaster: Paul Dessau, EIT
MTC Metropolitan
Transportation Commission
http://www.mtc.ca.gov
Current 2013 Scientic Committee Members
Dr. Man-Chung Tang USA
Dr. Sougata Roy USA
Dr. Brian Kozy - USA
Dr. Duncan Paterson USA
Mr. Dyab Khazem - USA
Mr. Paul Tsakopoulos USA
Dr. KhaIed Mahmoud - USA
Mr. Ronald Medlock USA
Dr. Marwan Nader USA
Dr. Partov Doncho Bulgaria
Dr. S. Inokuchi Japan
Dr. Takeshi Mori Japan
Mr. Ian Firth - UK
Mr. Peter Buitelaar Netherlands
Mr. Feng Liangping P.R. China
Dr. Airong Chang P.R. China
Dr. Alessandro Palermo New Zealand
Mr. Bjrn Isaksen Norway
Manual for Design, Construction, and Maintenance of Orthotropic Steel Deck Bridges
(Publication No. FHWA-IF-12-027) is available FREE at:
http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/bridge/pubs/if12027/if12027.pdf
THE UNEMPLOYMENT RATE is decreasing! GDP is ris-
ing! Things are looking up!
So why isnt the construction market accelerating?
Conventional economic wisdom argues that as the
unemployment rate decreases, more people are earning
more money, which increases consumer spending. Increased
consumer spending is the engine that drives gross domestic
product (GDP) and as GDP increases, so does the demand
for homes and buildings. Recent media reports point to an
8.3% unemployment rate compared to a rate of 10.0% just 27
months ago. Real GDP increased by 1.6% in 2011, capped by
an annualized fourth-quarter increase of 3%.
Yet despite all these good indicators, construction activity
only increased by 2% in 2011 compared to 2010, and that was
from a record low level of 64% below the peaks of 2006 and
2007. Why isnt construction rebounding?
The answer is actually rather straightforward: Any focus
placed on the government-reported unemployment rate is mis-
directed. Some economists argue that the focus is on the wrong
unemployment rate. Rather than track the U3 ratewhich in-
cludes only those individuals actively pursuing employmentit
is the U6 rate that should be the barometer for unemployment.
The U3 rate is currently 8.3% while the broader U6 rate is
14.9% (based on February 2012 data). The point is well taken
as the U6 rate includes those unemployed individuals who have
stopped looking for work or are marginally employed. But the
U6 rate is also decreasing.
The problem is that we are focusing on changes in the rate
of unemployment rather than looking at the actual level of em-
ployment in the U.S. Since peaking at a non-seasonally adjust-
ed employment level of 147 million in 2007, total employment
fell to 137 million in early 2010 and has only recovered 3.9 mil-
lion of the 10 million jobs that were lost; current employment
stands at 141 million. At the same time, the average number of
weekly work hours per worker decreased by 2%. Also over the
same time period, GDP dipped from a peak of $13.3 trillion to
$12.6 trillion before rebounding to the current $13.6 trillion.
Propelled by Productivity
The bottom line is that the general economys recovery has
been driven by an increase in productivity, not an increase in
employment. In broad terms, the U.S. economy generates 7.7%
more goods and services per reported hour worked today than
in 2007 (note that the government productivity fgures do not
fully capture variations in hours worked by salaried employees).
Productivity increases improve the proftability of corporations
and make U.S. goods and services more competitive interna-
tionally, but improved productivity does not result in an imme-
diate increase in demand for new commercial buildings. At the
same time, the lower number of employed workers prolongs
the stagnation in the housing market.
So what does this mean for the building construction indus-
try and, more specifcally, the structural steel industry?
First, even as economic growth accelerates, the impact on
building construction will lag. Signifcant growth in buildings
will not occur until employment levels reach or exceed those
at the start of the recession. Growth will occur, but it will be
in the single digits rather than the double-digit growth that
construction activity typically experiences coming out of a re-
cessionary period. The growth we predict will come from busi-
nesses using the proft gained from productivity increases in
terms of major capacity and product expansions, rather than
growth intended to simply stay ahead of current demand.
Second, as the construction market slowly expands, cost and
value will continue to be the major drivers of purchasing deci-
sions. Projects will be fnanced by current reserves rather than
outside fnancing sources. Dollars spent out-of-pocket are
always spent more carefully than borrowed dollars.
JOBS AND PRODUCTIVITY:
THE IMPACT ON
CONSTRUCTION
BY JOHN CROSS, P.E.
economics
John Cross, P.E., is an AISC vice
president.
Analyzing the economys
infuence on building starts is
a matter of looking at the right
numbers, the right way.
I
n
d
e
x

V
a
l
u
e

2
0
0
5

=

1
0
0
Employment, GDP and Productivity Trends
120
110
100
90
80
70
60
2
0
1
1
2
0
1
0
2
0
0
9
2
0
0
8
2
0
0
7
2
0
0
6
2
0
0
5
2
0
0
4
2
0
0
3
2
0
0
2
2
0
0
1
2
0
0
0
1
9
9
9
1
9
9
8
1
9
9
7
1
9
9
6
1
9
9
5
1
9
9
4
1
9
9
3
1
9
9
2
1
9
9
1
1
9
9
0
Productivity Employment GDP
Third, the expectation of project
owners will be that just as they have
improved their own productivity levels,
improved productivity will also have
been achieved in all segments of the
construction industry, including the
structural steel industry. Project own-
ers will expect more project for less
money.
Employ Efciency
Is the structural steel industry meet-
ing the challenge of improved productivity?
Certainly the growth of collaborative project
delivery methods, which enable designers to
capture fabrication effciencies during the
design stage; the increasing implementation
of BIM, which allows data to fow from the
design offce to the fabrication shop foor; the
growing implementation of robotic systems;
and improved quality management programs
have all contributed to improved fabricator
productivity. At the same time, the economic
realities of the past few years have forced ev-
ery segment of the construction industry to
sharpen their pencils and eliminate any pos-
sible waste from their production processes.
The fact that structural steel fabrication
takes place away from the construction site
in a controlled shop environment allows the
structural steel industry to identify, capture
and incorporate those productivity improve-
ments better than the site-based trades.
The bottom line? Keep your eyes on the
employment numbers, be patient and aggres-
sively attack ineffciencies while pursuing in-
creased productivity in your operations.
(Note: Actual value in 2005 is assigned index value of 100.)
economics
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Innovative Design in Engineering and Architecture with Structural Steel
awards I D E A S
2
THE DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTIONINDUSTRY recogniz-
es the importance of teamwork, coordination and collabora-
tion in fostering successful construction projects today more
than ever before. In support of this trend, AISC is proud to
present the results of its annual IDEAS
2
Awards competition.
This program is designed to recognize all team members
responsible for excellence and innovation in a projects use
of structural steel.
Awards for each winning project were presented to the
project team members involved in the design and construction
of the structural framing system, including the architect, struc-
tural engineer of record, general contractor, detailer, fabricator
erector and owner. New buildings, as well as renovation, retro-
t or expansion projects, were eligible. The projects also had to
display, at a minimum, the following characteristics:
A signicant portion of the framing system must be wide-
ange or hollow structural steel sections;
Projects must have been completed between January 1,
2009 and December 31, 2011;
Projects must be located in North America;
Previous AISC IDEAS or EAE award-winning projects
were not eligible.
Edward Ted Hazledine is the founder and CEO of
Benchmark Fabricated Steel, a Terre Haute, Ind.-based
AISC Certied Fabricator that has been in business for
more than 40 years, serving the construction industry
in more than 25 states and several foreign countries.
The company provides design-build and design-assist
services focusing on contructability, team building and
collaborative construction. Hazledine has served with
civic and trade associations in various capacities and is
currently a member of the AISC Research Committee. A
graduate of Purdues Krannert School of Management,
he enjoys interacting with engineering and construction
management students at Purdue, Rose-Hulman Institute
of Technology and Indiana State University. He recently
presented on the importance and impact of the fabricator-
detailer relationship in working with BIM and 3D software
at the 2012 NASCC: The Steel Conference.
Alford Andy Johnson spent more than 20 years as a sales
engineer and regional manager with the construction divi-
sion of ARMCO Steel Corporation, working both domesti-
cally and in Europe. He was the vice president of marketing
for AISC from 1990 to 2004, where he created and directed
a national team of structural engineers for technical market-
ing and sales; directed the creation of an ongoing market
research program, leading to focused marketing efforts for
the entire industry; directed the creation of AISCs Steel
Solutions Center; and created the design award competi-
tions that eventually became the IDEAS
2
Awards. He is
currently board president for the Taos Center for the Arts,
a not-for-prot organization supporting the visual and per-
forming arts in Taos, N.M.
Daniel Labriola, a project manager with Pepper Construc-
tion Company in Tinley Park, Ill., began his career in con-
struction in 1997, specializing in design-build. He joined
Pepper in 2000 as a project engineer. He is responsible for
the budget and schedule and provides construction man-
agement from the preconstruction phase through turnover.
He has an ASHE Healthcare Construction Certicate and is
a Certied Healthcare Constructor.
Eric Liobis is an honors student currently in his senior year
at Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology in Terre Haute,
Ind. and will be completing a double major in Civil Engi-
neering and Mathematics. His studies have focused on
structural analysis and design. In 2009-10 he received
the Rose-Hulman Civil Engineering Departments Faculty
Award and was named a Heminway Scholar. Liobis has
been active in numerous engineering projects at Rose-
Hulman, including managing the schools 2011 and 2012
entries in the Great Lakes Regional Conference concrete
canoe competition, designing a LEED-certied pedes-
trian park in Terre Haute and designing an art gallery in
conjunction with an architect from Ball State University.
This past summer Liobis interned with Tutor-Perini Cor-
poration, working on a $93 million renovation project of
the Newark Bay Bridge on the New Jersey Turnpike. He
is currently planning on pursuing a graduate education to
eventually obtain a Ph.D.
2012 IDEAS
2
Awards Jury

A panel of design and construction industry profession-
als judged the entries in three categories, according to
their constructed values in U.S. dollars:
Less than $15 million
$15 million to $75 million
Greater than $75 million
The judges considered each projects use of structural
steel from both an architectural and structural engineering
perspective, with an emphasis on:
Creative solutions to the projects program requirements;
Applications of innovative design approaches in areas such as
connections, gravity systems, lateral load resisting systems,
re protection, and blast;
The aesthetic and visual impact of the project, particularly
in the coordination of structural steel elements with other
materials;
Innovative uses of architecturally exposed structural steel;
Advances in the use of structural steel, either technically or
in the architectural expression;
The use of innovative design and construction methods
such as 3D building models; interoperability; early inte-
gration of specialty contractors such as steel fabricators;
alternative methods of project delivery; sustainability con-
siderations; or other productivity enhancers.
Both national and merit honors were awarded. The jury
also selected one project for the Presidential Award of Ex-
cellence in recognition of distinguished structural engineer-
ing and architecture. This years winners range from an S-
shaped pedestrian bridge to a campus commons area that
doubles as a winter garden to a steel-framed tiara on top
of a skyscraper.
Asma Momin, P.E., is a structural engineer in the Dallas ofce of
PageSoutherlandPage, an international, 425-person A/E rm
founded in 1898. With over a decade of experience in multiple
building types, Momin works closely with clients to develop
structural solutions for healthcare, commercial, academic, retail
and civic projects, including buildings located in seismic zones
and high-wind regions. She has produced construction docu-
ments and details for cost estimates, presentation drawings
and narratives that comply with both Department of Defense
and General Services Administration progressive collapse and
blast requirements. Her extensive experience with healthcare
projects includes retrotting medical equipment such as linear
accelerators, CT scanners and MRIs in existing structures. She
is currently leading two major projects for the U.S. Department
of Veterans Affairs: an Outpatient Clinic in Austin and the Long-
Term Spinal Cord Injury Facility in Dallas. Momin, who joined
PageSoutherlandPage in 2006, is active in several industry and
professional organizations, including AISC, SEAoT and the
World Affairs Council of Dallas/Fort Worth.
Wayne Perlenfein, AIA, leads federal market strategies
in Perkins+Wills Washington, D.C. ofce. He is a regis-
tered architect with 37 years of experience in planning/
programming, design, construction and facilities steward-
ship within the private sector and public government. He
is experienced in all aspects of program and project man-
agement, planning, design and execution of design-build
and design-bid-build of classied and unclassied proj-
ects. Perlenfein manages in-house and consultant project
managers, architects, engineers, planners, programmers,
construction managers, contract specialists and profes-
sional support staff. He also participates in government-
focused industry advisory councils and in the development
of agency-wide national design prototypes.
Todd Rich is the manager of Web and Graphic Systems
with the Design-Build Institute of America, Washing-
ton, D.C., as well as a contributing editor to Integration
Quarterly. A member of the DBIA staff since 1997, Rich
is currently responsible for the organizations electronic
communications and website, as well as writing for its
quarterly journal. She also serves as managing editor for
Design-Build Insight, DBIAs weekly electronic newsletter,
and copyeditor for DBIAs print and electronic communi-
cations. In the past, Rich was responsible for designing
DBIAs print communications as well, serving as graphic
designer and contributing editor for Integration Quar-
terlys predecessor, Design-Build Dateline, and many of
DBIAs promotional materials. Before joining DBIA, Rich
worked for the American Council for Engineering Com-
panies (ACEC), where she was a graphic designer and
webmaster and provided training, documentation and
rst-stage tech support for the ofces systems.
Osbourne K. Sims, III, is the president and CEO of
Sims Properties Development and Management, Inc., a
total property development group capable of handling
projects from inception to completion, whose services
include project feasibility studies, nancial proformas,
nancial packaging (public and private), commercial and
residential design and construction and property man-
agement. Before starting his own rm, Sims was the chief
architect and space facilities ofcer for the U.S. Environ-
mental Protection Agencys Region V.
2012 IDEAS
2
Awards jury, from left: Andy Johnson, Ted
Hazledine, Eric Liobis, Wayne Perlenfein, Asma Momin,
Daniel Labriola, Todd Rich, Osbourne K. Sims, III.
National AwardGreater than $75 Million
IRVING CONVENTION CENTER, IRVING, TEXAS
T
he new Irving Convention Center was conceived to
garner attentionbut just the right amount. Architect
RMJMs stacked design allows the building to act as a
landmark visible from many points in the surrounding area,
while at the same time minimizes the buildings footprint in
order to conserve land for other development. The build-
ing, located on the northwest corner of a 40-acre tract in the
heart of the Las Colinas development in Irving, Texas, is the
rst of several phases of a new entertainment district.
The stacked design placed the conference rooms and
ballroom above the convention center oor. In order to
achieve the approximately 190-ft span above the column-
free space, structural engineer Datum Gojer used a set of
four trusses: three catenary trusses and an arch truss, all ap-
proximately 40-ft deep.
The catenary-style trusses were used to support the
majority of the oor and use a catenary bottom chord, in
straight segments between work points and extending
down from the fourth-oor ballroom level to well within the
convention space. The arch truss supports the west end
of the elevated oor plates. In addition to architectural
limitations that precluded the use of the catenary truss at this
location, the arch truss had the added benet of allowing a
clear, diagonal-free space to place egress corridors. These
unconventional truss assemblies drastically reduced the
required steel tonnage, and their depth also reduced the
required section sizes, allowing all material for the buildings
to be acquired domestically.
The upper oors are contained in a copper-clad box struc-
ture that is elevated above the exterior terrace level and ro-
tated 20 relative to the main building grid. This conguration
created long cantilevers at each of the four corners of this
copper-clad box. In addition, the structure used to support
the copper-clad box is exposed and visible within the build-
ing at the ballroom level and silhouetted at night when backlit
through the copper cladding. Site-assembled trusses act as
both the structural support for the roof and the backup for
the copper cladding, and cantilever at all four corners of the
box, up to 117 ft.
The top of the podium level is an exterior terrace, acces-
sible from both the ground and from the third-oor confer-
ence level by exterior monumental stairs. The terrace extends
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the entire length of the south side of the building, including
above the two main entrances on the lower-level corners.
These entries were conceived by the architect as oor-to-
ceiling glass wrapping the corners, without visible structural
support. To achieve this, Datum Gojer designed two sets of
trusses, cantilevering as much as 150 ft toward the corner in
each direction. These trusses were analyzed together to re-
duce deections at the head of the glass and minimize vibra-
tions of the occupied terrace.
Minimizing the weight of the elevated box structure
while maintaining good vibration performance in the ball-
room and meeting rooms was a signicant challenge, and
the weight of the oor plates directly affected the steel ton-
nage required for the long-span catenary and arch trusses
over the oor. The nal upper-level oor assembly uses cas-
tellated beams at 15 ft on center, supporting a lightweight
concrete slab. This system minimized steel tonnage while
also offering a relatively stiff oor.
Owner/Developer
Irving Convention Center, Irving, Texas
Owners Representative
Beck Group, Dallas
Architect
RMJM (formerly Hillier), Princeton, N.J.
Structural Engineer
Datum Gojer, Dallas
General Contractor
Austin Commercial, Dallas
Steel Team
Steel Fabricator
W&W Steel, Oklahoma City, Okla. (AISC Member/AISC
Certied Fabricator)
North Texas Steel, Fort Worth, Texas (AISC Member)
Steel Detailer
International Design Services Inc., Maryland Heights, Mo.
(AISC Member)
Steel Erector
Bosworth Steel Erectors, Dallas (AISC Member/(AISC
Advanced Certied Steel Erector)
really show off the
Dan Labriola
The night views

of this building
and the translucent skin
steel structure.
Terry Wier Photography
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Merit AwardGreater than $75 Million
UCSF RAY AND DAGMAR DOLBY REGENERATION MEDICINE BUILDING, SAN FRANCISCO
B
ig things are being studied at a tiny level
at the new Ray and Dagmar Dolby Regen-
eration Medicine Building (RMB), perched
behind the University of California, San Francisco
(UCSF) Parnassus Medical Center in San Francisco.
The 68,500-sq.-ft facility houses 25 principal in-
vestigators and their teams whose job it is to study
tissue development and cell-based approaches to
treating diseases. The buildings design encour-
ages collaboration through the creation of four
open labs, which are interconnected by shared
break rooms and ofces that look out upon green
roof terraces. The design was based on conceptual
bridging drawings developed by Rafael Violy
Architects of New York and the San Francisco ofce
of Nabih Youssef Associates.
The 650-ft-long by 65-ft-wide building sits on a
steep hillside adjacent to an existing access road
the vertical slope of the hill is almost 60 towards
the western endand the plan mimics the ser-
pentine shape of the road as it twists and turns up
the hill. Each of the four open labs is contained
in a structural pod, each 150 ft in length. The
pods terrace up the hillside from east to west with
a one-half story step between each pod. The west-
ernmost lab aligns with the grade of the existing
access road grade; however, the roads steep gra-
dient creates a large elevation difference between
the eastern lab and the road below. As a result,
some foundation elements cantilever above grade
by as much as 30 ft.
Each pod consists of a conventionally framed
steel superstructure supported by an HSS space
truss below. Exterior walkways are cantilevered
7 ft to 14 ft off the north side of the building to
provide additional circulation between the pods.
The space truss provided an efcient means of
accommodating the horizontal sweeps of the road
and vertical slopes of the terrain. Early collaboration
with the steel fabricator and erector, Schuff Steel,
allowed the truss details to be coordinated with
their fabrication and erection plan. In some cases,
more fabrication-intensive connections were
favored to expedite eld construction and improve
the reliability of the nal product. This collaboration,
in combination with the use of building information
modeling (BIM), signicantly reduced the number
of RFIs and kept the structure on schedule and
budget.
The HSS space truss and exterior walkways were
exposed in their nal condition. As such, architec-
turally exposed structural steel (AESS) requirements
were incorporated into their design and construc-
tion. These requirements varied from simply re-
moving weld and erection aids for visually distant
members to grinding welds, providing constant
gaps and aligning bolt heads for more accessible
areas. Working with UCSF, the design-build team
was able to balance their aesthetic needs with the
budgetary limitations to produce an elegant and
dynamic exposed structure.
Because of RMBs close proximity to the San
Andreas Fault (about six miles), UCSF desired an
increased level of seismic performance for the
structure to protect the building and its contents
from damage in a signicant earthquake. Given
the unique architectural design and stringent per-
formance requirements, base isolation was select-
ed as the design solution that best balanced the
project requirements. Triple Pendulum isolation
bearings, manufactured by Earthquake Protection
Systems of Vallejo, Calif., were selected because
of their ability to limit the torsional response of the
long and narrow structure. Based on nonlinear re-
sponse history analysis, the structure is anticipated
to move a maximum of 26 in. laterally and 2 in. ver-
tically during a maximum considered earthquake.
Initial analysis indicated that the narrow build-
ing conguration resulted in the tendency for the
structure to tip during an earthquake. Since the
isolation bearings cannot resist tension directly, the
team had to conceive a solution that could resist
the required 200-kip tension force at any point of
the buildings travel. Structural engineer Forell/Els-
esser, in collaboration with Schuff Steel, created a
custom dynamic uplift restraint device, which con-
sists of two pairs of rollers that ride on curved tracks
that are interconnected by an articulating linkage
assembly. The performance of the uplift restraint
was successfully veried by shake table testing at
the University of California, San Diego.
The building is connected to the ninth oor of
the adjacent Medical Sciences Building by a 140-
ft-long steel bridge, which uses through plate
girders to span the long distance. An architecturally
exposed HSS and bare metal deck roof provide
pedestrians sanctuary from the elements. The
bridge is vertically supported by an 8-ft-diameter
concrete shell at the north end and a steel service
elevator tower to the south. The concrete shell
and steel tower also provide lateral support for
the bridge by cantilevering from their foundations
more than 90 ft below. The bridge is seismically
separated from RMB and the Health Sciences
Building to permit the anticipated 3 ft of differential
lateral movement.
RMB is the rst LEED Gold Certied project to
receive an Innovation in Design (ID) Credit for high-
performance seismic design. Forell/Elsesser was
able to show that the base isolated design resulted
in a 40% reduction of structural materials and 43%
reduction of CO
2
over a conventionally designed
structure of equal seismic performance. In addition,
the design-build process saved UCSF approximate-
ly $20 million and two years on their schedule.
Owner/Developer
University of California, San Francisco Capital
Programs and Facilities Management,
San Francisco
Owners Representative
Nova Partners, Palo Alto, Calif.
Architects
Rafael Violy Architects, New York
SmithGroupJJR, San Francisco
Structural Engineers
Forell/Elsesser Engineers, San Francisco
Nabih Youssef Associates, San Francisco
General Contractor
DPR Construction, San Francisco
Steel Team
Steel Fabricator and Erector
Schuff Steel, San Diego (AISC Member/(AISC
Certied Fabricator; AISC Advanced Certied
Steel Erector)
build without steel.
Eric Liobis
A uniquely challenging
building that would have
been impossible to
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Dan Labriola

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Merit AwardGreater than $75 Million
PENNSYLVANIA STATE UNIVERSITYMILLENNIUM SCIENCE COMPLEX
STATE COLLEGE, PA.
P
enn States Millennium Science Com-
plex was conceived to create shared
and specialized spaces to house the
Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences and the
Materials Research Institute. Together, the
Institutes provide hands-on opportunities
for research in human health, energy and
materials science.
The 275,600-sq.-ft building consists of
two four-story wings that each cantilever
154 ft to meet over a dramatic entrance
plaza, with an opening in the roof struc-
ture to allow sunlight to reach the garden
below. Constructed upon micropiles, the
building is an all-steel framed structure
with concrete reinforcement and is clad
in a combination of precast, curtain wall
and metal panels. Moment and braced
frames comprise the lateral force resist-
ing system in the wings of the building.
One of the Institutes goals was to
build laboratory facilities capable of
housing highly sensitive and specialized
equipment and instruments, along with
conference spaces, common areas and
ofce space for faculty and research staff.
The specialty areas include 40,000 sq. ft
of quiet labs requiring shielding from vi-
bration and electromagnetic noise, and a
10,000-sq.-ft nano-fabrication laboratory
requiring clean room access and vibra-
tion protection.
The design team located the nano-
fabrication lab within a structurally iso-
lated area that oats within the building
to eliminate vibration from surrounding
effects. In addition, typical bay sizes were
restricted to 22 ft by 22 ft to achieve bet-
ter vibration performance. The quiet labs
are also structurally isolated from the rest
of the building and situated on 24-in.-
thick slabs on grade beneath the plaza
of the complex.
The cantilever is supported by two ta-
pered steel trusses, one per wing, both
of which involved intricate connection
designs that were complicated by nu-
merous simple-span trusses and braced
hanger frames framing into the tapered
trusses. Wind tunnel tests were conduct-
ed to overcome the isolation issues and
to determine possible vibration effects
from multi-directional wind loads on the
cantilevera critical factor in a laboratory
building with sensitive equipment.
Overall, the Millennium Science Com-
plex uses 4,200 tons of steel, which took
60,000 labor hours to fabricate. Erection
of the steel framework took 22,000 hours
using four cranes and a peak of 75 iron
workers, with some eld welds taking
as long as three 10-hour days apiece to
complete. Erection consultant C.S. Da-
vidson provided an erection sequencing
plan, complete with an analysis of the an-
ticipated deection, and designed tem-
porary shoring columns to support the
cantilever trusses during construction.
Steel erection was so complex and the
design required such high accuracy that
a local survey rm, Sweetland Engineer-
ing & Associates, Inc., was brought in to
take readings of the cantilever trusses
during construction to ensure accurate
placement.
The entire project team, led by
structural engineering rm Thornton
Tomasetti, collaborated effectively in the
use of building information modeling
(BIM) technology, using Autodesk Revit as
a primary tool for information exchange
and coordination during the design and
construction phases. This enabled the
whole project team to be consistent
with each design aspect throughout the
duration of the projecta necessity on
such a large and complex design. Using
BIM also allowed steel procurement
and detailing to be expedited, reducing
construction costs and keeping the
project on schedule.
Owner/Developer
Penn State University, University Park, Pa.
Architect
Rafael Violy Architects, New York
Structural Engineer
Thornton Tomasetti, Newark, N.J.
Connections Engineer
C.S. Davidson, Inc., York, Pa.
General Contractor
WhitingTurner Contracting, State
College, Pa.
Steel Team
Steel Fabricator and Erector
Kinsley Manufacturing, York, Pa. (AISC
Member/AISC Certied Fabricator;
AISC Advanced Certied Steel Erector) D
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ROBERT B. AIKENS COMMONS UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN LAW SCHOOL, ANN ARBOR, MICH.
T
he University of Michigan Law School, constructed
in the 1930s around a quadrangle on the Ann Arbor
campus, inhabits one of the most beautiful examples
of university gothic architecture in the country. And while
the tree-shaded open spaces and the cathedral-like library
are among the most cherished spaces on campus, the Law
School itself has always lacked a central community space to
bring its members together.
The Robert B. Aikens Commons was conceived to ll that
void, providing students, faculty and staff with a meeting
space that would draw them together in a public square. A
long-neglected courtyard, nestled between grand academic
halls, was selected as the location for this new community
space. Hartman Cox-Architects envisioned a grand sky-
lit atrium and selected steel to create a stunning meeting
space that complements and accentuates the surrounding
historic structures.
The atrium roof is a lattice of gently curved HSS 8314
members, consisting of 54 curved ribs and four tiers of
purlins. These members allowed for exceptionally clean de-
tailing and were pre-assembled in the fabrication shop prior
to being shipped segmentally to the site for erection. The
roof is supported by eight tree-like columns fabricated from
W2484 sections. Each column extends through the main
can coexist with tradition.
Asma Momin
The building denes
how modernity
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oor slab to the lower-level space below, providing an op-
portunity to create xity at the column where it penetrates
the slab. This xity creates lateral stability for the atrium,
which is subject to unbalanced wind loads and snow loads.
An HSS perimeter member creates an attachment surface
for both a gutter and an expansion joint. The lateral stability
created by the trees, working in conjunction with the perim-
eter expansion joint, ensures that virtually no gravity loads
and no lateral loads reach the walls of the historic stone
structures surrounding the courtyard.
Besides creating a successful community space, improve-
ment of pedestrian trafc routes between the Law School
buildings was also necessary, and a new Gothic-style HSS
truss bridge, crossing over the atrium, spans between two
buildings: Hutchins Hall (an academic building) and an un-
used tower in the adjacent William W. Cook Legal Research
Library. The pedestrian route is completed, despite a signi-
cant change in elevation, through use of a two-stop elevator
cradled in the tower on a new grid of W2494 members.
Owner/Developer
University of Michigan Law School, Ann Arbor
Architects
Integrated Design Solutions, Troy, Mich.
Hartman-Cox Architects, Washington, D.C.
Structural Engineer
SDI Structures, Ann Arbor
General Contractor
Walbridge, Detroit
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CENTRA AT METROPARK, ISELIN, N.J.
T
he Centra at Metropark ofce building was built with
expansion in mind, in terms of both adding to an ex-
isting project and encouraging future additions. The
project involved renovation and expansion of an existing
four-story ofce building, adding 30,000 usable sq. ft to an
existing 80,000-sq.-ft building to draw future development
to the site. Light wells were added to the existing 20,000-
sq.-ft basement and a central oculus was constructed, mak-
ing the space usable. An additional 10,000 sq. ft was added
above the rooine, adding a fth oor.
The architect envisioned a high ceiling at the entrance of
the building in order to allow light into the basement. This
was achieved by reconguring and expanding the topmost
ofce oor plate from an L-shape to a rectangle. With a goal
to have a minimal column foot print area, a 50-ft-tall signa-
ture tree column was created for the addition. The col-
umns trunk extends from the ground and then branches
out in three directions to support the long-span trusses car-
rying the expansion.
The top of the branches connect at the fourth oor to
form a triangle while the center trunk support is located at
the centroid of this triangle to minimize unbalanced mo-
ments on the column. The sectional area of the branches
was reduced with the height, and the entire tree column
was constructed using 1-in.-thick plates welded together.
Lateral forces due to unbalanced loads were calculated, and
these loads were included in the analysis and design of the
buildings lateral system. A 5-ft-thick isolated footing was
designed to support the tree column loads, and this footing
was anchored at four corners using rock anchors to prevent
uplift from overturning.
The tree column, including the branches and the trunk,
had to be fabricated separately. Three strategically placed
splice locations were chosen, and the pieces were lifted onto
scaffolds and welded in place. The architect, Kohn Pedersen
Fox, wanted a oating structure appearance on top of the
branches and trusses at the fourth oor. Therefore, the faces
of the branches were offset in-board right below the fourth
oor soft, and a smaller triangular stub was continued to
connect to the underside of the long-span trusses. The in-
side of the tree column was lled with concrete at the site to
add lateral stability.
Two 120-ft oor-height trusses at the south and west
sides of the fourth oor were designed to carry the loads
while providing additional stability.
Todd Rich
The single branching column

brings in an organic element
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imposed from the fourth oor and the
roof. The architect wanted to mimic the
tree columns irregularity in the exposed
diagonals of the trusses, so the truss pan-
el point spacing was varied. Each truss
spanned 96 ft between supports and
cantilevered out 24 ft to the other truss
in the perpendicular direction. All truss
diagonal connections to the top and bot-
tom chords were welded, and the exist-
ing perimeter columns supporting these
trusses had to be signicantly reinforced
with structural steel plates. The footings
supporting these columns were also en-
larged to accommodate additional grav-
ity loading.
The new addition added consider-
able lateral wind and seismic loads to
the existing moment framed steel struc-
ture that had to be resisted by the lat-
eral system. The existing system was un-
able to take the additional loading and
was abandoned for a new braced frame
retrot. Five new braced frames were lo-
cated around the existing elevator and
stair cores and were designed for the
entire buildings lateral loading, as well
as for the unbalanced load from the tree
column. These braces were located be-
tween the existing columns, which were
reinforced with steel plates for additional
loading. The spread footings at these
columns were also enlarged by doweling
the reinforcing into the existing footing
and also installing post-tensioning rods.
Rock anchors at these footings were also
used to hold down the lateral columns.
The project is pursuing LEED certi-
cation. By opting not to tear down the
existing building and reusing the exist-
ing steel structure, oor plates, roof deck
and 50% of the core elements, waste
was considerably reduced and valuable
resources saved.
Owner/Developer
Hampshire Real Estate Cos.,
Morristown, N.J.
Architect
Kohn Pedersen Fox, New York
Structural Engineer
DeSimone Consulting Engineers,
New York
General Contractor
Tishman Construction Corp.,
Newark, N.J.
Steel Team
Steel Fabricator
Berlin Steel, Malvern, Pa. (AISC
Member/AISC Certied Fabricator;
AISC Advanced Certied Steel
Erector)
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ROBERT I. SCHRODER PEDESTRIAN OVERCROSSING, WALNUT CREEK, CALIF.
T
he new Robert I. Schroder Overcrossing provides safe
passage for pedestrians and bicyclists over a major traf-
c intersection in Pleasant Hill, Calif. The bridge is the
centerpiece of a transit village consisting of commuter railway
station and a high-density, residential and commercial devel-
opment, and serves both commuters approaching the station
and recreational users of the 33-mile long Iron Horse Trail.
Surrounding elementstransit easements on the trails
surface for a future light-rail or streetcar system, 115kV power
lines hanging directly over the project site, oak trees that the
community was determined to preserve, underground utilities
and multiple property rights issuescreated boundaries within
which the bridges design needed to fall (although the over-
head power lines were eventually moved slightly). To avoid hit-
ting the trees and utilities, the design team twisted the bridges
body into an elongated S-shape. In order to take up as little
surface space as possible and avoid hitting any underground
utilities, the structure relies on an unusual support system; the
arches on either side emerge from a single common point at
ground level, then tilt away from one another at approximately
20 as they rise, leaving room in the middle for the bridge deck
to rest. As a result, the support infrastructure underneath takes
up only about half the space of a typical bridge.
To encourage community buy-in and create a lasting point
of pride for the region, the team placed a great deal of em-
phasis on the bridges aesthetics. While there are no parts
on the bridge that are exclusively decorativeevery element
serves either a structural or safety functioneach design de-
cision was carefully considered from a visual and a functional
perspective. For structural components, this meant making
each piece as light and elegant as possible. The most vis-
ible structural support, the double arches, comprise welded
groupings of three 10-in.-diameter HSS members, which are
joined by steel plate stiffeners at 14-ft intervals and bent con-
tinuously to form curves. The three-pipe grouping creates in-
tricate shadow displays that change throughout the day and
a visual rhythm that gives the structure a sense of dynamism.
The two ground-level support structures consist of three slim
concrete pillars, two of which are tilted to the angle of the
arches, and appear almost too slim and delicate to support
the bridges weight.
To create a feeling of openness, structural engineer Arup
also eliminated the need for the arch segments to touch
above the deck. A steel beam linking the two pairs of inclined
buttress columns that support them under the deck ensures
adequate structural support, giving pedestrians and bikers an
unobstructed view of the sky.
The underside also received consideration due to its visual
prominence from the ground. Because it acts as a continuous
beam running throughout the bridge, suspended from the
arches by structural hangers, Schroders deck requires only
about 2 ft of depth at its thickest point, rendering it consid-
erably less bulky than most comparably sized bridge decks.
This slender prole is enhanced by the curving underside,
shaped to resemble the hull of a boat, a modication that
also increases rigidity. Regularly shaped ribs provide visual
rhythm to the deck, making visible the structural action of the
hangers supporting it.
The project teams emphasis on intelligent, efcient use
of materials translated directly into a more environmentally
friendly project. The push to craft a lightweight, minimal de-
sign with no superuous elements signicantly reduced the
amount of steel used in the bridge; the total count was only
230 tons, or an average of 66 lbs per square foot, of deck plan
across the entire structurea very small gure compared to
most bridges of this type.
Owner/Developer
Contra Costa County Public Works Department
Architect
MacDonald Architects, San Francisco
Structural Engineer
Arup, San Francisco
General Contractor
Robert A. Bothman, Inc., San Jose, Calif.
Steel Team
Steel Fabricator
Mountain States Steel, Lindon, Utah (AISC Member/AISC
Certied Fabricator)
Steel Detailer
Axis Steel Detailing Inc., Orem, Utah (AISC Member)
Steel Erector
Adams & Smith Inc., Lindon, Utah (AISC Member/AISC
Advanced Certied Steel Erector)
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A very unique bridge that
brilliantly uses steel as not only
an architectural
a structural element but as
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CAMPUS COMMONS THE STATE UNIVERSITY OF NEWYORK, NEW PALTZ, N.Y.
T
he State University of New York at New Paltz has taken
a new approach to the concept of a university commons
area. The new Campus Commons on the schools cam-
pus is a three-level steel and glass winter garden addition to
a 1970 student union building. Taking its inspiration from the
forms of the nearby Shawangunk Ridge, it spans over and lls
in a previously underutilized plaza courtyard.
In order to span over and enclose the courtyard with a
column-free space that will also allow for future exibility, the
project team designed a structural tube stress skin system for
the addition that recreates the angular forms of Shawangunk
Ridge, an internationally known rock palisade in the nearby
Catskill Mountains. Uniform 4-in.-sq. HSS sections were fabri-
cated in large planar sections in the shop, then erected on-site
before being spray-coated with intumescent paint to meet the
required re rating. The erection of the entire steel enclosure
was completed in less than two weeks.
To resist the dead load and wind uplift on the roof, a 1-in.-
diameter stainless steel cable and 2-in. down rods were used to
transform the stress skin on the horizontal roof plane into a se-
ries of trusses and hold-downs. Ceramic fritted glass, patterned
with an abstracted digitized version of the tectonic plates of
the Shawangunk Ridge, was placed on top of the stress skin to
create the enclosure.
The distinctive geometry of the steel and glass enclosure
demanded creative use of structural analysis and design
software, as well as sequential prefabrication of portions of
the steel assembly. Ikon.5 architects, Robert Silman Associates
and Altieri Sebor Wieber (the mechanical engineer) worked
intensely and collaboratively in integrating the architectural,
structural and infrastructure systems, as all of these systems are
exposed and therefore part of the visitors experience.
Structurally, the atrium is composed of six main surfaces
(eight if you include the small beveled corners), with an exposed
superstructure of tubes and cables that form a column-free net
on which glass panes are placed. Welded HSS members, 4 in.
by 4 in., provide the majority of the structure. Because of snow
load, the HSS on the upper and lower roofs is supplemented
with steel bars and cables to form out-of-plane trusses, where
the HSS acts as the top chord. The HSS on the roofs is supple-
mented by hold-down cables anchored down to panel points
on the sidewalls to address wind uplift.
The ridge surface is formed geometrically as the step in el-
evation between the low roof and the high roof, and the 100-ft
spanning truss formed by the HSS in this plane was increased
to 14-in. by 4-in. members for the top and bottom chords. Field
connections to assemble the atrium surfaces onsite were gener-
ally performed by welding at exposed locations and bolting at
hidden locations.
The steel of the atrium is supported on a more conventional
and unique geometry
The potential of steel design
is apparent in the free formed
Asma Momin
of the building.

structure at the new occupied oor level: steel framing with con-
crete slab on deck, with lateral resistance provided by moment
frames and braced frames. A partial oor mezzanine also oats
within the space, supported partly by columns and partly by
rod hangers up to the ridge truss. The new structure is founded
on mini-caissons down to rock, with concrete caps and grade
beams supporting the basement slab. It is seismically separated
from the existing plaza and building complex.
Working within a strict budget of a publicly funded project,
the design used repeated structural sections types in the steel-
work, which served to simplify fabrication. In addition, varying
the HSS wall thickness reduced the overall steel tonnage, mak-
ing it cost-effective without sacricing aesthetics. With the ex-
pressed steel grid, a very economical glazing system could be
employed and easily installed due to the relative frequency of
local structural support.
The expressive new addition improves the experience of
entering the university while tying the campus back to its sur-
rounding, distinctive landscape. Set upon the existing concrete
plinth, the new structure draws an intense but elegant contrast
between the old and new construction. The 12,000-sq.-ft addi-
tion includes meeting rooms, a game lounge, a study mezza-
nine, group study rooms and a large, informal commons, while
the revitalized 10,000 sq. ft of space in the adjacent existing
building accommodates the renovated bookstore, a food court
and a gallery for social functions.
A sustainable, high-performance building, the new com-
mons has been designed to reduce energy consumption and
provide a healthy, light-lled interior environment for the cam-
pus community. The ceramic-fritted glass enclosure permits
transparency while controlling solar gain, and low- or zero-
impact mechanical and electrical support systems are included
throughout. The Commons is designed to achieve a LEED
Silver certication through its use of daylight harvesting and
views, radiant heating and cooling, use of recyclable materials
and photo-optic lighting controls.
Owner/Developer
The State University of New York at New Paltz
Architect
ikon.5 architects, Princeton, N.J.
Structural Engineer
Robert Silman Associates, New York
Mechanical Engineer
Altieri Sebor Wieber, LLC, Norwalk
General Contractor
Niram Construction, Booton, N.J.
Steel Team
Steel Fabricator
Erection and Welding Contractors LLC, New Milford,
Conn. (AISC Member/AISC Certied Fabricator)
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Merit AwardLess than $15 Million
PEDESTRIAN WALKWAYST. JOSEPHS
MEDICAL CENTER, STOCKTON, CALIF.
T
he pedestrian bridge at St. Josephs Medical
Center in Stockton, Calif. is a 320-ft-long steel-
framed covered structure that connects the ex-
isting hospital to a new patient pavilion.
The bridge has ve equal main spans, each about
60 ft long, and one end span that is 20 ft long. The
main columns are 20-in.-diameter HSS members lo-
cated 6 ft outside of the walkway footprint. These
columns extend vertically about 17 ft above the
walkway roof. The walkway is hung from these main
columns with rigid diagonal tension/compression
members. The main columns penetrate the existing
plaza level wafe structure and are supported by new
footings at the basement level. The walkway at both
ends is separated from the existing and new hospital
buildings by seismic expansion joints.
The overall structural conguration is relied upon
to effectively reduce column eccentricity by placing
columns on both sides of the walkway so that the
center of mass of the overall bridge is located very
close to the center of rigidity of the columns. Inter-
nal redistribution of torsional forces is made possible
by designing the walkway walls, oor and roof as full
trusses. The resulting effective eccentricity in columns
below the oor level is less than 1 ft whereas the ap-
parent eccentricity at each column is about 11 ft. The
torsional strength and stiffness of the walkway are
also used to effectively x the top of all eccentri-
cally placed columns in two horizontal directions. The
resulting lateral resisting system is equivalent to a mo-
ment frame structure in two horizontal directions even
though it uses only one continuous beam (walkway
truss) eccentrically placed outside the column lines.
The main columns and walkway longitudinal
top and bottom chords are detailed and designed
as continuous. All other members are designed as
simply connected, including columns to the founda-
tion, in order to reduce forces in the members and
the foundation and to reduce the stress gradient in
the joints and connections. The existing wafe slab
at the plaza level is used as a lever point, along with
the foundation pin connection, to efciently create
xity at the base of columns, and the walkway struc-
ture is used to create xity at the top of the columns.
Therefore, the columns in this bridge act as though
they are xed at top and bottom in both directions,
all by using simple end connections.
The resulting nal conguration is very efcient as
a structural system with a steel weight of about 830
plf. For comparison, an earlier design scheme with
cantilevered wide-ange columns located directly
under the bridge had an estimated structural steel
weight of about 1,080 plf.
The bridge embraces the main arrival plaza link-
ing the services of the new Womens and Childrens
Pavilion with the existing hospital. The overall shape
of the bridge is very pleasing and dramatic in its
curves, giving the viewer a feeling that the structure
Andy Johnson
showing weight savings.
Interesting visually
because of its
geometry and attention to
interesting technically
because of its efcient design,
attractive detailing,
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is oating in space since, the slender supporting columns are placed ec-
centrically outside of the walkway footprint. HSS were used to reduce
the overall dimensions, and twin round HSS members were used as wall
diagonals to visually reduce the prole while at the same time increasing
the number of connections and thus reducing the length and stress at
each connection point.
Owner/Developer
St. Josephs Medical Center, Stockten, Calif.
Architect
Anshen+Allen Architects, San Francisco
Structural Engineer
ESE Consulting Engineers, Benicia, Calif.
General Contractor
Turner Construction Co., Sacramento, Calif.
Steel Team
Steel Fabricator, Detailer and Erector
Olson Steel, San Leandro, Calif. (AISC Member/AISC Certied
Fabricator; AISC Advanced Certied Steel Erector)
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Merit AwardLess than $15 Million
GREAT AMERICAN TOWER AT QUEEN CITY SQUARE ROOFTOP TIARA, CINCINNATI, OHIO
T
he steel tiara that crowns the 41-story Great Ameri-
can Tower at Queen City SquareCincinnatis tallest
buildingis an iconic presence on the citys skyline.
The 400-ton, 130-ft-tall tiara was conceived by Gyo Obata,
a founder and design principal of HOK. Obata was inspired by
a photograph of a tiara worn by Diana, Princess of Wales, and
by Cincinnatis nickname, the Queen City.
Several design iterations were required to ultimately pro-
duce a cost-effective and graceful crown. Working closely with
HOK, structural engineer Thornton Tomasetti helped rational-
ize the tiaras geometry and produced a structural framing lay-
out that could easily be fabricated and constructed. Thornton
Tomasetti also provided HOK with a detailed 3D Tekla model
containing all proposed framing sizes, geometries and connec-
tion information. The Tekla model enabled HOK to approve
the aesthetic appearance of the structure before shop drawing
production, thereby facilitating a smooth shop drawing prepa-
ration and review process.
The tiara has a hyperbolic silhouette and its plan dimensions
measure 159 ft in the east-west direction and 93 ft in the north-
south direction. Geometrically complex, it is composed of 15
ornamental arch elements uniformly supported by 14 arching
columns woven through the tiara, creating a two-way support
system. It features more than 750 individual HSS elements,
ranging in diameter from 4 in. to 16 in. The smallest of the
tiaras members account for nearly 50% of the pieces and serve
to improve the aesthetic appearance of the structure. Funda-
mentally, the tiara is a self-supporting, two-way space frame
possessing stiffness and strength both vertically and laterally.
To overcome complexities associated with the irregular
geometry of the tiara, Thornton Tomasetti collaborated closely
with Owen Steel Company and Runyon Erectors regarding
Wow, ICONIC!!

Wayne Perlenfein
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shipping methods, delivery methods and potential erection
procedures for structural steel framing members. Load-bearing
structural framing members needed to be designed to the
tightest tolerances. To help ensure this, Thornton Tomasetti
suggested a network of subassemblies for these members
that were shop fabricated, leading to fewer construction
components and allowing for geometric verication of the
elements before erection began. They also provided on-
site fabrication consultation, assisting in the development of
specialized tools that helped specify geometry of the members
where control points were inaccessible due to their location
within the volume of the HSS members. This collaborative,
shop-intensive process amounted to 80% of the assembly
effort, reducing the number of pieces handled in the eld
and resulting in a total number of eld modications not
exceeding 1% of the more than 750 individual components of
the structure.
Owner/Developer
Port of Greater Cincinnati and Eagle Realty Group,
Cincinnati
Architect
HOK, St. Louis
Structural Engineer
Thornton Tomasetti, Chicago
General Contractor
Turner Construction Co., Cincinnati
Steel Team
Steel Fabricator
Owen Steel Company, Columbia, S.C. (AISC Member/
AISC Certied Fabricator)
Steel Detailer
Thornton Tomasetti, Inc., Chicago
Presidential Award of Excellence in Engineering and Architecture
KAUFFMAN CENTER FOR THE PERFORMING ARTS
KANSAS CITY, MO.
T
he 400,000-sq.-ft Kauffman Center for the Performing
Arts was designed to create a focal point for Kansas Citys
burgeoning arts district. And with a 1,600-seat concert
hall, 1,800-seat ballet/opera house, caf, garden and under-
ground parking garage, it certainly commands attention.
Actually three buildings in one, the Kauffman Center required
different structural approaches for different areas. In the two per-
formance halls, for example, key issues included the need to cre-
ate wide, column-free spaces and support the sound-reecting
concrete ceilings. Structural engineer Arups solution included
straight, long-span steel trusses (90 ft in the opera house and
115 ft in the concert hall) tapered in depth to provide greater
strength where needed.
For the exterior shell, the geometrical complexity of the
architectural design presented a very different challenge. For
the unique toroidal roof, Arup devised an efcient truss system
made of single-direction rolled steel. The design is based on
roof trusses curved out of plane by rolling the truss chords to
produce the toroidal shape. The trusses are laterally braced
from rotation by the intermediate radial roof members (curved
the hard way) and the constant tension imposed by the southern
cable net. The multifaceted curved-back surface is also made of
curved trusses, but this time curved in-plane. The various facets
look different, but are actually identical rolled sections made to
look unique by varying the center point of a constant radius.
When it came to the atrium, an exterior pre-stressed stain-
less steel cable net was used to support the roof and walls, thus
avoiding the need for interior columns and beams, to achieve
the desired spacious, open quality in the glass-roofed lobby.
Splaying the external cables allowed lateral bracing to be omit-
ted, as well as facilitated the use of clear, open glazed walls.
The structures cable-net roof presented a number of unique
opportunities for advanced collaborative engineering. Cables
typically perform poorly in res, and consequently require cost-
ly, bulky reproong sleeves. The re and structural engineers
worked together to eliminate the need to encase the cabling.
For instance, for the passenger drop-off point, digital models
demonstrated that substituting high-strength rods for cables on
the buildings exterior would permit the elimination of reproof-
ing (because mechanical connections have higher heat resis-
tance, the rods dissipate the heat gained by the re).
For the interior, Arup modeled the re-induced release
of several cables in a re scenario, proving that those cables
within the ames reach were not critical to the vertical support
of the glass. For the vertical column masts, which are critical
to atrium support, intumescent paint treatments were used to
keep proles as slim as possible.
The architectural design features steel on the buildings
north-south-facing sides, which are curved, and concrete on
the east-west-facing sides, which are at. In the lobby, ex-
posed stainless steel masts, cables and a truss spanning both
walls combine with the massive glass walls to create a dra-
matic setting for events and gatherings. In the concert hall,
stainless steel mesh forms the backdrop for the stage.
Modeling and analysis were particularly important to a
structure with such an unusual shape, as was early integration
and sharing of these models with specialty contractors. Shar-
ing the stiffness results of the structural model with the cable
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supplier and general contractor allowed the cable supplier
to bracket anticipated structure movement and check glass
deection and warping. Likewise, the contractor shared the
cable stressing and construction sequence with the design
team. This allowed the design team to check the frame per-
formance over the sequential stressing operation.
For the cables supporting the glass lobby structure, non-
linear analysis and form-nding were used to balance the
effects of gravity, wind and other conditions and determine
the most structurally efcient shape.
Of course, being a performance venue, acoustical con-
siderations were of the utmost importance. To provide the
best possible sound in the two performance halls, a box-
in-box approach was employed. The dense concrete walls
of the two performance spaces provide acoustical benets.
The halls are covered by long-span steel trusses support-
ing two separate layers of sound-reecting concrete caps.
These two buildings are then covered again by an external
steel-trussed shell and glass roof. In the nished building,
the outer steel shell roof helps block vibration and noise
from the surrounding city, while the glass roof provides a
circulation link between the halls.
In addition to acoustical benets, the split in materials saved
time and money and the construction schedule was shortened
by several months. While the detailed design, approval and
fabrication for the steel portions were underway, concrete was
formed, cast and allowed to cure. As soon as steel fabrication
was complete and the parts transported to the site, the rest of
the building was assembled relatively quickly.
Owner/Developer
Kauffman Foundation/Land Capital Corp., Kansas City, Mo.
Architects
Safdie Architects, Somerville, Mass.
BNIM Architects, Kansas City, Mo.
Arup, New York
Structural Engineering Associates, Kansas City, Mo.
General Contractor
J.E. Dunn Construction, Kansas City, Mo.
Steel Team
Steel Fabricator
Hirschfeld Industries, San Angelo, Texas (AISC Member/
NSBA Member/AISC Certied Fabricator)
Steel Detailer
Structural Solutions, Inc., Fort Worth, Texas (AISC
Member)
Steel Erector
The Bratton Corp., Kansas City, Mo. (AISC Member/AISC
Certied Fabricator)
do? Have youseenwhat we
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Theres always a solution in steel. Now you know where to nd it.
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rsthand why it makes sense to build with steel.
Todays structural steel industry is a modern, efcient business that uses
some of the most advanced and efcient technologies, tools, and processes
available. Steel is the most recycled material on the planet, and in terms of
environmental friendliness there is no greener building material out there.
@SteelDay
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American Institute of Steel Construction
One East Wacker Drive, Suite 700
Chicago, IL 60601
312.670.2400 www.aisc.org
A space-saving, economical staggered steel truss system
is helping Ohio State accommodate more students in better facilities in its
South High-Rise Residential District.
WITH A STUDENT POPULATION of more than 55,000, the
main campus of The Ohio State University in Columbus is one
of the largest in the country. Student housing is therefore a
rather large operationespecially with the schools goal of pro-
viding accommodations for all its freshmen and sophomores.
The relatively recent goal of requiring sophomores to live
on campus created a defcit of about 3,200 beds. To help meet
this demand, OSU is building two new 11-story towers in the
South Campus Area, each connecting two existing residence
halls. The project also involves renovations to and expansion of
fve student housing facilities.
Beyond Beds
Siebert Hall is 10 stories and, prior to the current construc-
tion, housed 326 students. Steeb Hall is 11 stories (plus a base-
ment), housing 460 students. Stradley, Park and Smith Halls are
virtually identical 11-story buildings, each with a basement and
each housing 460 students, making a total bed count of 2,166.
The project consists of renovating the fve existing build-
ings as well as two additions that will include a total of 360 new
beds. The two new connector towers will connect Stradley and
Park Halls and Smith and Steeb Halls, effectively creating two
buildings from four.
But the goal of the renovation and expansion goes beyond
just adding beds; it seeks to create a better sense of commu-
nity among students, a modernized campus appearance and
a LEED-Certifed structure. The dormitory renovation and
expansion was designed to meet the universitys Interim Green
Build and Energy Policy, which involves reducing energy con-
sumption and attaining at least LEED Silver status.
Classes and Construction: In Session
Building at universities while classes are in session always
presents challenges. Occupancy had to be maintained for resi-
dents in adjacent buildings throughout construction, which
could not interfere with service deliveries to adjacent buildings.
The laydown and staging areas were near the site to avoid dis-
ruption elsewhere.
Additional challenges included matching the existing foor-
to-foor height of 9 ft, 4 in. while also accommodating an 18-in.
difference in the elevation of the foors of Park and Stradley
Halls.
The design team ended up choosing a staggered steel truss
system because of its fast erection. This system also saves space
with smaller columns and permits a relatively shallow foor,
similar in thickness to the existing construction. Additionally,
fewer columns are used with staggered truss construction,
allowing the interior lower levels to be column-free. The sys-
tem also worked well with low foor-to-foor requirements of
the project. And, it allowed for the innovative aesthetic desired
by the projects architects.
The fnal layout of the building has plan dimensions of 81 ft
between the existing buildings by 40 ft 6 in. Both additions are
11 stories tall, and foor-to-foor heights match and align with
existing geometry at the Smith/Steeb addition. At the Stradley/
Park addition, where the existing foors were misaligned 18 in.,
Staggered
BY STEPHEN METZ, P.E.
Stephen Metz, P.E., is
vice president of Shelley
Metz Baumann Hawk, Inc.,
Columbus, Ohio.
Home
the new foor elevations were placed between
the existing elevations, resulting in ramps at
each end of the addition to transition to the
existing foor elevations. The Stradley/Park
addition is built over a basement that houses
the chillers and electrical equipment; the cool-
ing towers are on the roof of this addition. The
exterior facades of both additions are a com-
bination of precast concrete, metal panel and
curtain wall.
In addition, there were three main challenges
that made this particular staggered truss appli-
cation (we refer to as a hybrid staggered truss
system) special: the two-story space at the frst
foor lobby, the transfer level at foor three, and
the cantilevered student lounges at foors three
through nine (all in both new towers).
For the lobby, the architect wanted the frst-
foor entry to be a two-story space to provide
a well-lit, welcoming entry space. The typi-
cal confguration of a staggered truss system
would have the trusses terminate at the second
foor with bracing at the frst foor. However,
a two-story-high, open space would not allow
this. That meant the lateral load resisting sys-
tem at the lower two levels had to become a
moment frame. In order to make this happen,
trusses from foors three to four were placed
at every column line, and the bottom chord
of the trusses became part of the moment
frame. Additionally, a 42-in.-deep upturned
plate girder was used as the bottom chord.
The depth of the plate girders would not have
allowed proper clearance at the second foor
walkway if they had been placed so that the top
fange was fush with the precast concrete foor,
due to the low foor-to-foor height. To allow
for headroom, the girders were upturned, so
that the bottom fange is just below the bot-
tom of the precast. The plate girder had to be
notched to allow for the third-foor corridor
to pass through the truss. The result is that the
bottom chord of all four of the trusses at foors
three and four is a 42-in.-deep plate girder
with 2-in. by 10-in. fanges. These trusses
are supported by W14398 columns. The
combination of trusses and columns form the
moment frame that is the base of the lateral
load resisting system in the north-south direc-
tion (see Figure 1).
For the transfer level at the third foor, the
columns at foors one and two needed to be
offset 2 ft, 2 in. toward the interior from the
upper level columns. This was done to allow
the lower level columns to be inset from the
exterior curtain wall system while the upper
columns are within the exterior wall system.
This presented a loading challenge: both the
gravity and lateral loads had to be transferred
Exterior elevation of the addition. The cantilevered study lounges are on the right.
Notch in upturned girder at the corridor.
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from the upper columns back to the lower level columns. The
gravity loads were transferred by using the trusses at foors three
to four, and the plate girders that were used in the moment
frame were also used as transfer girders for the gravity loads
from the upper level columns.
To transfer the lateral loads, a horizontal truss system was
used at the third foor. This truss system was designed to trans-
fer the lateral reaction from the base of the upper level columns
back to the top of the lower level columns. This resulted in the
W14398 lower level columns serving double duty as moment
frame columns in both the east-west and north-south directions.
There are two student lounges at opposing corners of the addi-
tion at foors three through nine. The lounges extend 19 ft from
the face of the main building and are approximately 15 ft wide.
Because of aesthetic desires and site issues, the lounge extensions
could not be supported by columns that extend to the ground.
Interior space constraints also would not allow for the trusses to
cantilever through the space. To provide support, a single steel
girder cantilevers from the column as an extension of the truss
chord on the other side of the column. This girder supports the
entire foor framing in the lounges. To keep the depth and weight
of the girder reasonable, a vertical member is moment connected
to the end of the girder for stiffness. To counter the eccentricity
of the unbalanced loading on the foor, the framing connects to
the existing building columns for uplift support.
From the multi-phase schedule to the framing system, all
Figure 1: Typical truss elevations. There are two of each elevation.
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components comprised a new and innovative design process.
Providing a design that would allow the new additions to ft
between the existing buildings was also challenging, and orga-
nization among all parties onsite has been a key to its success
thus far. At a project size of 487,000 sq. ft in renovation and
96,000 sq. ft in new construction, the estimated construction
cost is $120 million. With an anticipated opening date of May
2012 for Stradley/Park and May 2013 for Smith/Steeb Halls,
this renovation and addition defnes the long-term direction of
the schools South High-Rise Residential District.
Owner
The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
Design Architect
Sasaki, Watertown, Mass.
Architect of Record
Schooley Caldwell Associates, Columbus, Ohio
Structural Engineer (Additions)
Shelley Metz Baumann Hawk, Inc., Columbus, Ohio
Construction Manager
Smoot Construction, Columbus, Ohio
Steel Team
Steel Fabricator
Marysville Steel, Marysville, Ohio (AISC Member/AISC
Certied Fabricator)
AISC Lends a Hand

Engineers can take advantage of AISC resources to explore, select and promote innovative systems on their projects.
For the OSU South Residence Halls, Monica Shripka, AISCs Upper Midwest regional engineer, supported the engineer
in the system selection phase. Through the engineers invitation, she presented an overview of the benets, challenges
and case studies of the staggered truss system to the entire project team, including OSU representatives.
As the project progressed into the construction phase, AISC organized a presentation and site tour to highlight this
innovative application of the staggered truss system. Local engineers, architects and construction professionals learned
about the projects system selection process, design aspects, best practices and lessons learned during a breakfast
presentation. Then, everyone had the chance to see the staggered truss system rsthand while walking through the
construction site. More info can be found at www.aisc.org/osu.
Contact your local AISC regional engineer at www.aisc.org/MyRegion to engage AISC support. Theyre happy to
provide support in your corner at your next project meeting, and can help you promote your successful steel projects
to the local AEC community.
Floors 3 and 4 of the cantilevered study lounge.
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The two new connector towers will increase OSU's

South High-Rise Residential District's occupancy by
360.
A photographic appreciation of the Mackinac Bridge.
BY LAWRENCE F. KRUTH, P.E.
WITH A TOTAL LENGTH of fve miles, including a suspended
portion of 8,614 ft between cable anchorages, the Mackinac Bridge,
joining Michigans upper and lower peninsulas, is among the lon-
gest suspension bridges in the world. Its 3,800-ft main suspended
span is exceeded in the U.S. only by San Franciscos Golden Gate
Bridge (4,200 ft) and the Verrazano-Narrows Bridge (4,260 ft),
connecting Staten Island and the Bronx in New York.
54 MODERN STEEL CONSTRUCTION FEBRUARY 2012
Visiting an Old Friend
for the First Time
Lawrence F. Kruth, P.E., is
vice president of engineering,
technology and safety with
AISC-member Douglas Steel
Fabricating Corporation,
Lansing, Mich. The rm also is
an AISC-certied erector and
fabricator.
Built beginning in 1954 and completed in 1957 by the
American Bridge Division of the United States Steel Corpora-
tion, the Mackinac Bridge consists of more than 100,000 tons
of structural steel. At the peak of construction, more than 3,000
people were employed at the bridge site.
After living in Michigan for more than 25 years, I was given an
opportunity last August to make a trip to the top of the south tower
of the suspension bridge. Its the kind of offer that is on every engi-
neers wish list, especially those involved in the steel industry.
Getting to the top of the tower begins at the bridge deck
level where you enter through a small access door. The door is
no more than a small hatch made from plate hinged and locked
to prevent access. Next to the door is the dedication plaque
placed by American Bridge in 1955.
After entering the tower, you immediately enter the elevator
for a trip to the upper portion of the tower. The elevator origi-
nally went nearly to the top of the tower, but no longer goes
that high. Installation of new drive motors now restricts vertical
travel distance of the elevator. Douglas Steels feld operations
manger, David Hannah, held the door as I entered the elevator.
(Elevator may be too generous of terminology for this device,
which is approximately half the size of a phone booth.)
In addition to Hannah and myself, our guide for the
trip also rode with us to the highest vertical access
point provided by the elevator.
Upon exiting the elevator we travelled through a
series of hatches both horizontal and vertical, climbing
up ladders through openings so small that my shoulders
would not ft through them without raising my arms
over my head. (This reminded me of my tour of the
USS Silversides, a World War II submarine anchored
in Lake Michigan in Muskegon, Mich.)
Overall the bridge includes 4,851,700 rivets. Trav-
eling through the internal portion of the south tower,
I was amazed by the many rivets that were installed in
such small areas by the ironworkers back in the 1950s.
It also was amazing to see the mill marks on the steel
members indicating that U.S. Steel rolled them in my
hometown of Pittsburgh. The H-USA marking indi-
cates they were a product of the Homestead Works.
Finally, we came to the vertical access point to
the top. To access the top, it was necessary to climb
Larry Kruth
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FEBRUARY 2012 MODERN STEEL CONSTRUCTION 55
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Why the Mackinac Bridge Enthralls Us So
If the longest three U.S. suspension bridges were siblings, the Mackinac Bridge
would be the one who moved to the edge of the wilderness while the older
Golden Gate Bridge and the younger Verrazano-Narrows Bridge opted for
the hustle and bustle of city life. Strong structural similarities remain, but the
frontier-like setting of the Mackinac Bridge gives it a very special feel.
All three are toll bridges, dutifully providing safe and convenient access
that would otherwise be quite challenging. But consider this: the Golden Gate
Bridge serves the San Francisco Bay Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA), with
a population of 4.3 million, and has an annual trafc count of 39 million. The
Verrazano-Narrows Bridge is within the New York/Northern New Jersey MSA,
which has a population of 18.9 million. Its annual trafc amounts to about 70
million. The Mackinac Bridge, connecting Michigans upper and lower penin-
sulas, is in an area that falls outside the larger population concentrations con-
sidered by the U.S. Census. The three counties in the immediate area have a
combined population of nearly 70,000. Even so, as a part of the I-75 corridor
that runs north from Detroit to Ontario, at Sault Ste. Marie the Mackinac Bridge
still serves approximately four million vehicles per year.
56 MODERN STEEL CONSTRUCTION FEBRUARY 2012
FEBRUARY 2012 MODERN STEEL CONSTRUCTION 57
an unprotected ladder through three very
small, round vertical access hatches.
Upon exiting to the top of the south
tower, the view made the whole trip worth-
while. The bridges two towers rise 552 ft
above the water level of the Straits of Macki-
nac. Standing at this location where only a
few people had stood before, on a structure
that many ironworkers risked their lives to
build, was awe-inspiring.
Looking straight down from the tower
at this height was breathtaking. The bridge
deck consists of two lanes in each direction.
The exterior lanes are concrete and the
interior lanes are steel grating. The parked
red Mackinac Bridge Authority van that
took us to the south tower was evident.
As our group explored the area at the
top of the tower, we observed many of the
fne details of construction. The suspension
cables were clearly wrapped with the spin-
ning wire. The saddles for the suspension
cables were a marvelous work of engineer-
ing and construction. Small angles were
mounted to the exterior of the tower to
act as anchoring points for the suspended
platforms used to paint the tower. The
entire Mackinac Bridge is constantly being
painted and inspected by the Mackinac
Bridge Authority.
Too soon, it was time to leave. I would
like to thank the Mackinac Bridge Author-
ity for their hospitality, and also David
Hannah, Douglas Steels feld operation
manager, and especially Judd Converse,
one of Douglas Steels ironworker fore-
men, who made it possible for me to cross
another item off of my bucket list.
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Existing Certied Erector Facilities
Existing Certied Bridge Component Facilities
Existing Certied Fabricator Facilities
Newly Certied Fabricator Facilities
Newly Certied Erector Facilities
Newly Certied Bridge Component Facilities

Newly Certified Facilities: March 131, 2012
news
People and Firms
t 4USVDUVSBM BOE DJWJM GJSN JQ has
promoted Jason Hart, P.E., to
a principal of the firm. Based in
JQs Dal l as
of f i ce, Har t
i s cur r ent l y
overseeing the
firms project
wo r k wi t h
Luminant, the
largest power
supplier in the
Nor t h Texas
region.
t American Punch Company has
released an application for mobile
devices that allows the user to
cal cul ate the recommended
t o n n a g e n e e d e d wh e n
punching steel. The app makes
calculations based on user input
of punch shape and dimension
and thickness of material being
p u n c h e d .
The results of
recommended
tonnage are
then presented
for a variety of
materials. It is
avai l abl e for
free download
via iTunes or
an Andr oi d
app store.
t 5IF $BMJGPSOJB
Preservation Foundationwhich
provides statewide leadership,
adv oc ac y and educ at i on
to ensure the protecti on of
Cal i f or ni as di verse cul tural
heritage and historic places
recentl y appoi nted Carol yn
Searls, P.E., a senior principal
and vice president with Simpson
Gumpertz and Heger Inc., San
Francisco, to its Board of Trustees
for a one-year term. As a board
member, Searls will also serve
on the Foundations Education
Committee.
To nd a certied fabricator or
erector in a particular area, visit
www.aisc.org/certsearch.
Newly Certied Fabricator Facilities
Allied Steel Co., Inc., Riverside, Calif.
Camelot Metals, Inc., Roseville, Minn.
GT Grandstands, Inc., Plant City, Fla.
Sanco Steel DBA Southern Steel Fab,
Donna, Texas
Stateline Fabricators L.L.C., Phillipsburg, N.J.
Structural Steel Services, El Paso, Texas
The Gateway Company of Missouri LLC,
St. Louis, Mo.
Newly Certied Erector Facilities
Ahlborn Structural Steel, Santa Rosa, Calif.
Blue Ridge Industrial, Inc., Johnson City, Tenn.
Campbell Certied, Inc., Oceanside, Calif.
Iron Industries Inc., Hanford, Calif.
Newly Certied Bridge Component Facilities
The Gateway Company of Missouri LLC,
St. Louis, Mo.
BRIDGE CERTIFICATION: COMING SOON!
Did you know that AISC Certification is introducing a new Bridge Certification
Program this year? Visit www.aisc.org/bridgecertification for updates on this
upcoming program, as well as to view related resources, such as articles, press releas-
es and AISCs new Bridge Standard. If you have additional questions or comments,
please feel free to contact us at certification@aisc.org.
SAFETY
ANSI Approves Two New Safety Standards
The American National Standards Institute
(ANSI) has approved two American Society of
Safety Engineers (ASSE) standards address-
ing fall protection: the new ANSI/ASSE
Z359.14-2012, Safety Requirements for Self-
Retracting Devices for Personal Fall Arrest and
Rescue Systems, and the revised ANSI/ASSE
Z359.4-2012, Safety Requirements for Assisted-
Rescue and Self-Rescue Systems, Subsystems and
Components. Both are part of the Z359 Fall
Protection Code.
The new Z359.14 standard establishes
requirements for the performance, design,
qualification testing, markings and instruc-
tions, inspections, maintenance, storage
and removal from service of self-retracting
devices. The revised Z359.4 standard estab-
lishes requirements for the performance,
design, marking, qualification, instruction,
training, use, maintenance and removal
from service of rescue systems and their
subsystems and components.
news
IN MEMORIAM
Clarkson Pinkham, Seismic Design Expert
Clarkson W. Pinky Pinkham of Los
Angeles passed away on January 30,
2012, at the age of 92. Through a career
that spanned more than six decades in
structural engineering, he spent a life-
time sharing his expertise with others in
the field. He was a longtime contribu-
tor to AISC, serving as a member on
the AISC Committee on Specifications
(COS) from the mid-1970s until 2000,
after which he served as an emeritus
member. He was also a member of Task
Committee 9Seismic Design from
the mid-1990s until 2010, serving as
Technical Secretary for the 1997 AISC
Seismic Provisions for Structural Steel
Buildings. He received an AISC Lifetime
Achievement Award in 1999.
The AISC Committee on Manuals
will be dedicating the Second Edition
Seismic Design Manual to Pinkham for
his leadership and dedicated involve-
ment in the development of the Seismic
Provisions, as we know it today. The
Manual will be available in early 2013.
Pinkham was born November 25,
1919, in Los Angeles, to Walter and
Dorothy Pinkham. A Bachelor of Science
degree in Civil Engineering in 1947, from
the University of California at Berkeley,
laid the foundation for Pinkhams broad
experience in structural engineering.
From 1941 to 1946, he served in the
U.S. Naval Reserve on a hydrograph-
ic survey ship, the U.S.S. Pathfinder,
surveying the Pacific Islands for the
U.S. Navy. He retired as a Lieutenant
Commander, USNR (Ret.) in 1954. In
1942, he married Emma Lu Hull, whom
hed known since high school.
Throughout his career, he was gener-
ous in sharing his abundance of structur-
al engineering experience and knowledge
with those who requested it on subjects
such as structural steel, concrete and
masonry design, cold-formed steel struc-
tures and timber. By providing solutions
and recommendations to those request-
ing his expertise, the integrity of numer-
ous structures have been significantly
improved, in particular their capacity to
resist seismic-generated forces.
Pinkham was elected President of
the Structural Engineers Association
of Southern California (SEAOSC) in
1971, and later served as President of
the Structural Engineers Association of
California (SEAOC) in 1975. He was
twice given the S. B. Barnes Award for
Research, and in 1994 was inducted into
the SEAOSC College of Fellows, the
highest honor awarded by SEAOC.
The Structural Engineering Institute
of the American Society of Civil
Engineers awarded Pinky the Walter P.
Moore, Jr. Award in 2009 in recognition
of his dedication to and technical exper-
tise in the development of structural
codes and standards.
He also served on many other impor-
tant technical committees involved in the
design of structures, such as the AISC
Committee on Specifications (emeritus),
the American Iron and Steel Institute
(AISI) Committee on Specifications
for the Design of Cold-Formed Steel
Structural Members, the American
Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE)
Committee 7 on Minimum Design
Loads for Buildings and Other Structures
and the Building Seismic Safety Council
(BSSC) Steel Committee.
Pinkham was passionate about learning.
He believed the really important thing in
schools is to get a person into the mood
of wanting to learn, that, if you can get
students into the urge of wanting to learn
and know things, thats more important
than any specific subject, per se, because
you can always pick it up if you have that
urge to read and do things.
Pinkham is survived by his daughter,
Nancy Ballance, and his son Anthony,
four grandchildren and five great-grand-
children. He was preceded in death by his
wife, Emma Lu, and his son Timothy.
NSBA NEWS
Made in America? Should Be! Says New Campaign
The Should Be Made in America
campaign, created by the Alliance for
American Manufacturing (AAM), was
launched earlier this spring at the new
San Francisco-Oakland Bay Bridge, a
massive construction project that was
outsourced to China at the cost of
thousands of American manufacturing
jobs. The campaign urges the use of
American-made components for infra-
structure projects financed with U.S. tax
dollars.
The National Steel Bridge Alliance
(NSBA) has issued a public statement
commending AAM for the new campaign:
The campaign brings into focus how
decision makers on the San Francisco-
Oakland Bay Bridge financed the project
with American tax revenues while
circumventing Buy America provisions.
This federal rule is designed to ensure
that taxpayer-supported projects help the
American economy. On this project, the
bridge authority carefully segmented the
job to segregate the federally funded
portion and allow the steel fabrication of the
bridge to go overseas. Despite media claims,
this project was not a success for American
taxpayers. Its far over budget, way behind
schedule, and has resulted in the transfer of
thousands of jobs and hundreds of millions
of dollars from America to China.
To learn more about the Should Be
Made in America campaign, visit www.
shouldbemadeinamerica.com.
news
AISC NEWS
New and Improved
Digital Manual
AISC NEWS
Student Bridge Competitions in Full Swing
The 2012 ASCE/AISC Student Steel
Bridge regional competitions have
kicked off, with 17 competitions taking
place from March through May.
About 200 university teams participate
in a total of 18 regional competitions (the
first regional competition took place in
January), and the top teams will quali-
fy to compete in the finals at Clemson
University, May 25-26. Now in its 21st
year, the competition convenes engineer-
ing students from across North America
to build their designed and fabricated steel
bridges under the pressure of the clock.
There are plenty of opportunities
to attend one of these exciting events!
View the full schedule of upcoming
regional competitions (including host
school contact info) on ASCEs website
at http://bit.ly/z6uGHm. You can find
out more about the national competi-
tion on Clemson Universitys website at
www.clemson.edu/ces/steel-bridge.
For more information about the 2012
Student Steel Bridge Competition, visit
www.aisc.org/steelbridge or www.
nssbc.info.
When the digital edition of the latest
AISC Steel Construction Manual was
introduced last year, it proved to be a
great alternative to carrying around the
nearly 4-lb hardcover book. You could
view the entire 14th Edition Manual,
print out sections, copy and paste from
the PDF file and search for keywords.
And now its even better!
In response to user feedback, AISC
has developed a new version of the digi-
tal Manual that offers all of the follow-
ing improved features:
The ability to load the file on more
than one computer (for example,
your desktop and your laptop).
In all, the digital manual can be
downloaded for use by one indi-
vidual on up to six devices.
The option to enable bookmarks.
A more robust navigation tool (a
table of contents).
The ability to use it on a tablet
(including the iPad, Android tab-
lets and Galaxy Tab 10.1).
To obtain the new digital manual,
visit www.aisc.org/bookstore and pur-
chase the digital edition of 14th Edition
Steel Construction Manual. The download
instructions are very specific; AISC rec-
ommends that you read them carefully.
Tennessee Tech Universitys bridge from the Southeast regional competition.
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Americas steel industry is leading manu-

facturing out of the recession, accord-
ing to a new report by Timothy J.
Considine, professor of energy econom-
ics, University of Wyoming.
Considines analysis, Economic
Impacts of the American Steel Industry,
finds the industry supported more than
one million jobs in the U.S. economy in
2011 and is playing a significant role in
leading manufacturings post-recession
resurgence, primarily because it is highly
interrelated with many other sectors of
the economy.
The report reveals that each job in the
U.S. steel industry supports seven jobs
in the countrys economy, reflecting the
industrys ripple effect on employment. In
2011, the American steel industry directly
employed 150,700 people and, given the
multiplier effect, supported more than
1,022,000 jobs, as well as contributed $101
billion in gross domestic product and $246
billion in gross economic output.
Considine points out that the signifi-
cant economic impact of the industry is
based on the fact that steel is the most
prevalent material in the economy, and
the steel industry purchases a wide variety
of inputs from other industries that cre-
ate a favorable ripple effect. This is one
reason why so many countries around the
world welcome investments that establish
steel mills, because they stimulate indus-
trial supply chains, he said.
Considines analysis was commis-
sioned by the American Iron and Steel
Institute (AISI) to provide an updated
look at the American steel industrys
overall impact on the U.S. economy.
Visit http://bit.ly/H8PL1I to read
the full report.
INDUSTRY NEWS
Steel Industry Leads U.S. Manufacturing Recovery
CORRECTION
The caption under the authors photo
on p. 33 of the April issue of MSC
should have read, From left: Bennett,
Richardson, Rolfe and Matamoros.
WEBINARS
BE INFORMED. BE EFFICIENT.
BE BETTER.
AISC
SPRING 2012
PODCASTS
www.aisc.org/webinars
www.aisc.org/podcasts
Theres always a solution in steel.
One E Wacker Drive, Ste. 700
Chicago, IL 60601
www.aisc.org 312.670.2400
Live Webinars
Live Webinar
A I S C P O D C A S T S
Brought to you by
AISC Continuing Education
STEEL
PROFILES
STEEL
PROFILES
5/175/18 Los Angeles, CA 7/197/20 Portland, OR
www.aisc.org/seminars
SEMINARS
www.aisc.org/steelcamp
5/1 Omaha, NE
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5/2 New York City, NY
5/3 Denver, CO
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5/22 Spokane, WA
5/22 Tulsa, OK
5/24 Chicago, IL
6/5 Boston, MA
6/7 Portland, ME
6/21 San Francisco, CA
Louis F. Geschwindner Seminar
The NEW 14th Edition Steel Construction Manual
Seismic Braced FramesDesign Concepts and Connections
8/22 Anchorage, AK
Practical Application of the
Uniform Force Method
5/10 Larry Muir, P.E.
Current episode: an interview with
Carol Drucker, S.E., P.E., SECB
Upcoming episode: an interview with
James O. Malley, S.E., P.E.
SteeLCAMP
news
INDUSTRY AWARDS
2011 High Performance Building Awards Winners Announced
The National Institute of Building
Sciences Sustainable Buildings Industry
Council (SBIC) recently announced the
recipients of its 2011 Beyond Green
High Performance Building Awards.
The awards recognize initiatives that
shape, inform and catalyze the high-
performance building market, as well
as the real-world application of high-
performance construction practices. The
program consists of three award cat-
egories: High Performance Buildings,
High Performance Initiatives and High
Performance Products.
Two steel projects achieved Honor
Awards in the High Performance
Buildings category:
The Redding School of Arts in
northern California took First Place
for a New Academic Complex. With
an emphasis on the performing arts,
the 77,000-sq.-ft public charter school,
which features exposed steel framing,
has been designed with a balance of tra-
ditional design elements and innovative
technology concepts. The schools mis-
sion is to use LEED Platinum certifi-
cation as a starting point, and it has a
building dashboard that will show how
well it is actually performing.
The second steel -framed wi n-
ner, the U.S. Port of Entry in Calais,
Maine, was awarded First Place for New
Construction. Energy-efficient design
and the reuse of materials were impor-
tant components of the project, making
it one of the nations first LEED Gold
ports. Located on the eastern-most land
port of entry into the U.S. from Canada,
the facility consists of one 80,000-sq.-
ft building separated into two differ-
ent operational building sections, and
is part of a larger infrastructure project
that enhances the flow of transporta-
tion between the two countries while
improving security for customs and bor-
der protection.
To view the full list of award winners,
visit http://bit.ly/zLnZFm.
P
a
u
l

W
a
r
c
h
o
l
The Redding
School of Arts
U.S. Port
of Entry in
Calais, Maine
W
h
i
t
t
a
k
e
r
P
h
o
t
o
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r
a
p
h
y
Atlas Tube, a division of JMC Steel
Group (and an AISC Member), has part-
nered with Nippon Steel and Sumikin
Metal Products Co., Ltd. (NSMP) and
Mitsui and Co., Ltd. to supply jumbo
hollow structural sections (HSS) to the
North American market. The jumbo
sizes, which were not originally available
in North America, range from 18-in.
square to 22-in. square and up to 0.875
in. in wall thickness. Atlas tube will mar-
ket and distribute these jumbo HSS
products throughout North America.
Typically used in vertical column
and diagonal bracing applications and as
members of large, long-span trusses, the
jumbo HSS sections offer an alternative
to open sections and built-up, welded
box sections used in structures with a
high load demand.
As an engineer, you want all the
tools at your disposal to effectively
solve design challenges in a cost-effec-
tive and timely manner, says Bradlee
Fletcher, a structural engineer with
Atlas Tube. Readily available jumbo
HSS will be another option for engi-
neers to do just that, especially for
structures with large load demands
such as ones in high seismic areas.
The jumbo sizes are now available
from Atlas Chicago facility. For more
information on the new sizes, visit atlas-
tube.com/jumbo-hss.
In other JMC news, the company
has entered into a definitive agreement
to purchase and acquire the real estate,
building, equipment and improvements
of Atkores Allied Tube and Conduit
manufacturing facility in Morrisville,
Pa., which produces HSS and ASTM
A53 Grade B standard pipe. JMC will
not operate the facility, but will continue
to service its customers from its existing
manufacturing facilities. The acquisition
is expected to be finalized by early May.
INDUSTRY NEWS
New Jumbo HSS Available Domestically
The NEW 14th Edition Steel Construction Manual includes:
9 New HP18 and HP16 series
9 Revised connection tables based on increased bolt shear strength values
9 Updated single-plate and extended single-plate connection design procedures
9 Enhanced prying action procedure
9 Revised bracket plate design procedure
9 Latest AISC codes and standards
Put a little COLOR in your life!
Theres always a solution in steel.
One East Wacker Drive Ste. 700
Chicago, IL 60601
312.670.2400 www.aisc.org
Digital Edition* and Hard Copy
AVAILABLE NOW!
Order your copy today!
$175 Members
$350 Non-Members
800.644.2400
www.aisc.org/bookstore
*You can now install the AISC Digital Edition
on multiple devices, including your
desktop computer, laptop and tablet!
Including the 2010 Specification for Structural Steel Buildings, with Chapter N
on QC and QA, expanded composite design provisions, and improved slip-critical
connection provisions.
To advertise, call 231.228.2274 or e-mail gurthet@modernsteel.com.
marketplace
Search employment ads online at www.modernsteel.com.
AISC Quality Certification
LOSING OUT TO COMPETITION?
Get Certified!
Need Steel Erection Certification? Call Jim Mooney
Your Quality Certification Connection
JAMES M. MOONEY & ASSOCIATES
941.223.4332
jmmoon94@aol.com
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Are you in the KNOW about the NEW?
Did you know that the AISC Board of Directors approved the
new Standard for Steel Bridges2011 (205-11) in 2011? The
Certication Department is in process of working on a Program
for Steel Bridge Fabricators. These efforts will involve specic
program requirements, participant transitioning needs, as well
as marketing requirements with the ofcial program rollout and
existing-participant transition starting in mid-2012.
As always, if you have additional questions or comments on these
or other items related to AISC Certication, you are encouraged to
contact us at certification@aisc.org.
Temporary Bridge for Sale
Available July, 2012, located in New York City, Length
550 feet, width 25 feet, Tower Height 18 to 90 feet.
Details at this link: http://www.halmarinternational.
com/022012/TempBridge.pdf. And you can contract
Jesse Jameson @ 718-588-0841
LATE MODEL STRUCTURAL
STEEL FABRICATING EQUIPMENT
Peddinghaus Ocean Avenger II 1000-1 CNC Beam Drill, (1) Drill Head,
Siemens CNC, 40x 60 Beam Capacity, 2004 #20877
Peddinghaus 38/18 Twin Column Band Saw, 37x 18 Capacity, 2Blade,
1996 #20555
Peddinghaus FDB 1500/3E CNC Plate Drill w/ Oxy/Plasma Cutting Torches,
Maximum Plate Width 60, 1998 #17696
Peddinghaus FPB 1500/3E CNC Plate Punch w/ Plasma Cutting Torch,
Maximum Plate Width 60, New 1998 #17634
Ficep 1001-D CNC Beam Drill (1) Spindle, 40x 40Maximum Beam, Fanuc CNC,
50 Maximum Length, Thru-Spindle Coolant, New 2003 #19265
Peddinghaus 623K Angle Punch/Shear Line, 6x 6x 1/2, 80 Ton Punch, CNC ,
250 Ton Shear, 1995 #19897
Controlled Automation ABL-100 Angle Punch/Shear Line, 8x 8x 3/4,
60 Feed w/ Loader, 2000 #20155
Peddinghaus BDL1250 CNC Beam Drill, 50Max. Beam, (3) Spindle, 2000 #21739
Tel: 631.249.5566 | Email: sales@prestigeequipment.com | www.PrestigeEquipment.com
Visit www.PrestigeEquipment.com for all our inventory & services
Call: 312.861.3000
Email: Info@atema.com
www.atema.com
Atema can heIp you underatand the
certification requirement for categoriea.
BuIIdIng-BzIdge-Conponent-PaInt-Ezectoz
Renote oz OnsIte AssIstance!
InteznaI AudIts!
Docunent CzeatIon!
AISC Certification
Training
Visit steelTOOLS.org
Join the conversation at AISCs new
le-sharing, information-sharing website.
Here are just a few of the FREE resources now available:
|c|e ||a| 1O0 |ee|T00|S u||||||e a.a||ao|e |c| dcW||cad||
O|:u|c| o|c W|e|e ]cu| :a| :c||e:| a|d |a|e |dea W|||
your peers
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then Flange Width
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Got Questions? Got Answers?
Participate with us at steelTOOLS.org.
Advertise in Steel Marketplace!
Contact: Lou Gurthet
u|||e| |ed|a Sa|e, ||C
telephone: 231.228.2274 fax: 231.228.7759
e-mail: gurthet@modernsteel.com
employment
To advertise, call 231.228.2274 or e-mail gurthet@modernsteel.com.
Search employment ads online at www.modernsteel.com.
ProCounsel, a member of AISC, can market your skills
and achievements (without identifying you) to any city
or state in the United States. We communicate with
over 3,000 steel fabricators nationwide. The employer
pays the employment fee and the interviewing and
relocation expenses. If youve been thinking of making
a change, now is the time to do it. Our target, for you, is
the right job, in the right location, at the right money.
RECRUITER IN STRUCTURAL MISCELLANEOUS
STEEL FABRICATION
Buzz Taylor
PROCOUNSEL
Toll free: 866-289-7833 or 214-741-3014
Fax: 214-741-3019
mailbox@procounsel.net
Are you looking for a new and exciting opportunity in 2012?
We are a niche recruiter that specializes in matching great structural
engineers with unique opportunities that will help you utilize your talents and
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www.FindYourEngineer.com
Looking for something from an old issue of
Modern Steel Construction?
All of the issues from MSCs first 50 years are now
available as free PDF downloads at
www.modernsteel.com/backissues.
Program Engineer
The American Institute of Steel Construction (AISC) is seeking a
Civil/Construction Engineer to serve as the primary resource for
all technical matters pertaining to the AISC Certication programs
and activities. He or she will manage the programs technical
requirements and communicate these requirements to owners,
designers, and program participants.
The AISC Certication programs assess the effectiveness of
fabricator and erector quality management systems that integrate
quality standards, program regulations, and management principles.
The primary responsibility of the position is to develop, manage,
and maintain the AISC Certication programs administrative and
technical requirements.
A working knowledge of specications, codes and other regulations
related to the structural steel and construction industry is a must.
The ideal candidate will have a Bachelors Degree in Engineering and
at least 5 years work experience in a construction related eld.
This position is located in the AISC Chicago ofce. The ability to travel
approximately 25% of the time and attend industry events is required.
If you are interested in applying for this position, please forward your
resume and cover letter, including your desired salary requirements
to: HR@aisc.org
Advertiser Listing
AISC............................................................ www.aisc.org....................................... 19, 49, O1, O8
American Punch Company............................ www.americanpunchco.com................................... 12
ASCE .......................................................... www.asce@asce-sacto.org .................................... 22
Atlas Tube ................................................... www.atlastube.com................................................ 1O
AZCO Steel Co............................................. www.azcosteel.com ............................................... 14
AZZ Galvanizing Services.............................. www.azzgalvanizing.com.......................................... 5
Bentley Systems .......................................... www.bentley.com...................................... Back Cover
Brown Consulting Services, Ltd..................... www.steelconnectiondesign.com ............................ 21
C||:ac |e|a| Rc||ed P|cdu:|...................... www.cmrp.com...................................................... 15
Controlled Automation.................................. www.controlledautomation.com.............................. 25
FabTrol Systems Inc. .................................... www.fabtrol.com.................................................... 11
Grating Fasteners LLC.................................. www.gclips.com..................................................... 21
IES.............................................................. www.iesweb.com................................................... 19
Lindapter USA.............................................. www.lindapterusa.com........................................... 24
Peddinghaus Corporation ............................. www.peddinghaus.com............................................ 2
RISA Technologies........................................ www.risa.com........................................................ O/
SDS/2 Design Data ...................................... www.sds2.com........................................................ 7
SidePlate Systems, Inc. ................................ www.sideplate.com.................................................. 8
St. Louis Screw & Bolt .................................. www.stlouisscrewbolt.com...................................... 13
Tekla........................................................... www.tekla.com........................................................ 3
Check out AISCs new Podcasts
www.aisc.org/podcasts
PODCASTS PODCASTS
Brought to you by AISC Continuing Education
Advertise Your Job Openings in MSC!
|SC erp|c]re|| ad a|c appea| c||||e!
www.modernsteel.com/classifieds.php.
(Please note that these ads no longer appear at www.aisc.org.)
Contact: Lou Gurthet at 231.228.2274
or gurthet@modernsteel.com
FIVE DAYS A WEEK, Chicago Metal Rolled Products
president George Wendt wakes up at 4:45 A.M. and heads to
the pool to swim 4,000 to 5,000 yards with the Chicago Masters
Swim Club at the University of Illinois at Chicago. After his
morning swim, he dives into his work at his bender-roller facil-
ity just a few miles from the pool.
While Wendts career in the steel industry didnt begin until
later in life, his love of swimming started quite early. He swam
competitively from age 5 through age 20, when he earned All
American status at the University of Minnesota. After college
he returned to his alma mater, Fenwick High School in Oak
Park. Ill., where he taught English for eight years, became chair-
man of the department and earned a Masters degree. He then
taught English and communications at Benedictine University
in Lisle, Ill. for three years while earning a PhD. in English lit-
erature. However, teaching, graduate school and raising a family
of three with his wife left little time for swimming, so Wendt
ended up taking a 16-year hiatus from his sport.
Little did he know that around the same time, his career path
would begin to bend in a different direction as well. In 1981,
Wendts mother asked him to help out with the family business,
a structural bending-rolling operation founded in 1908 and pur-
chased by her father in 1923. Soon thereafter, his brother, Joe,
also joined the company and now serves as vice president of sales.
We struggled at first, but the fear of having our grand-
fathers company fail on our watch was a strong motivator to
succeed, says Wendt. And the company continues to this day
as a family-run operation. Wendts mother joined her sons in
the business, where she served for 20 years. Wendts own son,
Dan, started with the company 14 years ago and is now vice
president of operations. Most recently, Wendts sister, Ginny,
has been helping out in marketing.
I told my students that they would never know what skills they
will need in their lives, so learn all you can, says Wendt. I also told
them that a good education would teach them how to learn. At
Chicago Metal, I read, studied, learned and started applyingwith
the faith and trust of our shop and officethe lean manufacturing
techniques we call world-class manufacturing.
Bender-roller George Wendt strives for gold in

the swimming pool and the curved steel industry.
people to know
WORLD CLASS
Wendts firm, Chicago Rolled Metal
Products, curved the steel for the
Uni versi ty of Chi cagos Ratner
Athletic Center; Wendt has also
trained there.
Soon after joining Chicago Metal, Wendt returned to
swimming. At first, swimming was part of my stress manage-
ment system, he says. I trained but did not need the addi-
tional stress of competition.
But prompted by his teammates, Wendt eventually returned
to racing in U.S. Masters Swimming, which is organized into
five-year age groups starting at age 18 and extending to over
100. When you are in the 13-14 age group in almost any
sport, you want to be 14, he explains. However, when you
are in the 65-69 age group, you want to be 65. Most swim-
mers get slower as they age. My goal is to get slower slower
than the other guys.
Wendt competes in several events, including the 400m,
800m, 1,500m and 5,000m freestyle; the 100m and 200m
breaststroke; the 200m backstroke; and the 400m individual
medley. In recent years he has set six individual national
records and six relay national recordsand even one individ-
ual world record, with a time of 19 min, 7.93 sec. in the mens
60-64 1,500m freestyleall in his age group. He has competed
in all 22 of the annual Big Shoulders swim races on Chicagos
lakefront (one could argue that the event is architecturally and
structurally significant, as it takes place in front of such iconic
steel structures as Mies Van Der Rohes lakefront residential
towers and the Hancock Center). The event has grown to
1,000 swimmers and last year, Wendt finished 40th among all
entrants in the 5K race, with a time of 1hr, 9 min., 31 sec.
With an interest in both swimming and curving steel,
Wendt and his family try especially hard to supply the curved
steel for any swimming pool projects on which they bid. Their
rolled beams cover the San Juan Natatorium in Puerto Rico
and Ratner Athletic Center at the University of Chicago, the
latter of which won an AISC Engineering Award of Excellence
(now the IDEAS
2
Awards) in 2004as well as the UIC
Flames Athletic Center, where he trains.
At practice, I can point to the roof trusses and say to my
teammates, Thats what I do! he laughs. Or, Id tell you
what I do, but its over your head!
Intelligent
Structural Design
www.bentley.com/Structural
Having all the applications you need for the tasks at hand, along with the ability
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Bentleys new Passport Subscriptions for structural engineers provide access to
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and information that most projects require. These options are available as an
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MSC May 2012

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MODERNSTEEL CONSTRUCTION

clearly tops the performance list of national

0.08P 0.000d 0.1P 0.0001d

is the only SMF connection system to be subjected

18 MODERN STEEL CONSTRUCTION MAY 2012

3a. yielding through

Fig 4. Stress-strain curves for steel under various levels of restraint.

MAY 2012 MODERN STEEL CONSTRUCTION 19

brochure out now! Get yours at www.lindapterusa.com

The original expansion

MAY 2012 MODERN STEEL CONSTRUCTION 27

The night views

The single branching column

MAY 2012 MODERN STEEL CONSTRUCTION 39

MAY 2012 MODERN STEEL CONSTRUCTION 41

is an annual event hosted by the American Institute of Steel

visits and see

AISC Lends a Hand

The two new connector towers will increase OSU's

Newly Certied Fabricator Facilities

Newly Certied Erector Facilities

Newly Certied Bridge Component Facilities

Americas steel industry is leading manu-

Bender-roller George Wendt strives for gold in

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