Garima Goswami et al.

/ International Journal of Engineering Science and Technology (IJEST)

A PWM CONTROLLED SYNCHRONOUS LINK CONVERTER SCHEME FOR POWER QUALITY IMPROVEMENT AT NONLINEAR LOAD
GARIMA GOSWAMI
Asst. Proffessor ,Electrical &Electronics Engg.Deptt , AEC, AGRA, MTU, NOIDA, U.P grmsinha@gmail.com

PANKAJ KUMAR GOSWAMI

Asst. Proffessor ,Electronics & Communication Engg.Deptt , HCST, Mathura, MTU, NOIDA, U.P g.pankaj1@gmail.com

Abstract : The harmonics generated by nonlinear load when added with reactive load causes more problematic to supply system as it not only affects transformer at supply end, but also to other consumers connected to same supply. Because of these problems, the power quality is an issue and an object of great concern not only for consumers but also for distributors. This paper presents modeling and simulation of a Synchronous Link Converter (SLC) using PWM connected to a single-phase system having both reactive and non-linear load. The SLC acts as Active Power Filter for harmonics compensation and static Synchronous Compensator for variable compensation of load. The proposed model is designed and simulated using MATLAB/Simulink. The relevant results are presented for justifications.

Keywords: SLC; Active Filters; Harmonics Compensation; Power Quality; MATLAB/SIMULINK;

1. Introduction The Power quality is the set of limits of electrical properties that allows electrical systems to function in their intended manner without significant loss of performance or life. The term is used to describe electric power that drives an electrical load and the load's ability to function properly with that electric power. Without the proper power, an electrical device (or load) may malfunction, fail prematurely or not operate at all [1]. There are many ways in which electric power can be of poor quality and many more causes of such poor quality power. Power quality is simply the interaction of electrical power with electrical equipment. If electrical equipment operates correctly and reliably without being damaged or stressed, we would say that the electrical power is of good quality. On the other hand, if the electrical equipment malfunctions, is unreliable, or is damaged during normal usage, we would suspect that the power quality is poor [1,2]. Due to intensive use of power converters and often non-linear loads used by both industrial and domestic units, it has led to an increasing deterioration of voltage and current waveforms of the power system. The harmonics generated by nonlinear load when added with reactive load causes more problematic to supply system as it not only affects transformer at supply end, but also to other consumers connected to same supply [3]. Such bad attribute is the lag of efficiency [4]. In order to overcome this problem we have introduced a converter (SLC) along with PWM to the system [5]. Here the SLC will generate the current equal and opposite in phase with the harmonic components of current thus neutralizing the effect of harmonics on source current and making it in phase with the source voltage so that the auxiliary converter (SLC) will be responsible for harmonic components of current and the main converter (diode rectifier) will be responsible for fundamental components of current which makes the power quality improved [6].

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2. Proposed Design of Parallel Converter Scheme. Fig.1 shows the block diagram of parallel processing converters including non-linear load for a single system. Here, a single-phase uncontrolled diode bridge rectifier (main converter) with resistive load is taken as a nonlinear load on a single phase ac mains. This draws non-sinusoidal currents from ac mains. Auxiliary converter (a synchronous link converter, SLC) is a single phase full bridge boost converter. It is basically a voltage source inverter having IGBT switches and an energy storage capacitor on DC bus. Due to its current reversibility characteristics the full-bridge inverter is connected in the parallel with the ac mains through a filter inductance Lf, and the DC side of the inverter is connected to a filter capacitor Cf. SLC overcomes the drawbacks of passive filters by using the switching mode power conversion to perform the harmonic current elimination[5]. The main aim of the SLC is to compensate harmonics, reactive power and to eliminate the unwanted effects of non ideal ac mains so that it supplies only unity power factor sinusoidal currents. The system block diagram as shown in Fig. 1, is composed of four parts, which includes PC-based virtual instrument (VI) with dataacquisition device, control Algorithm, controlled process [7,8].

Fig. 1 Parallel converter scheme

2.1. Power quality Analysis with Linear load Application Simulink model is given to show power quality on linear load, theoretically as well as practical realization shows smooth current wave form, this result is basically provided to get a difference on power quality on non linear load application.

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Fig. 2 linear load model

2.1.1 Simulation results at linear load

Fig. 3 Source voltage

Fig. 4 Load current

2.2. Power quality Analysis with Non Linear load Application Simulink model is given to show the effect of non linear load (power rectifier) on power quality in terms of its harmonic distortions. The distorted current wave form is being depicted to show problem issue on application of non linear load

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Fig. 5 Simulink model of Power analysis on nonlinear load

2.2.1 Simulation results at non linear load

Fig. 6 source voltage

Fig 7 Harmonic distortion in line current at non linear load

2.3. Power Quality Improvement on Nonlinear Load using SLC with PWM control As now it is clear from above analysis, the addition of non linear load produces a very high Level of distortion in power quality that is shown in terms of percent THD. Finally a Simulink based model is proposed to reduce these harmonics from input current and hence to provide significant improvement in overall THD.The proposed methodology consist of parallel SLC (Synchronous Link Converter) scheme to provide significant phase matching with the help PWM controlled gate input on IGBT bridge SLC, hence reducing the overall distortion in line current and also significant improvement in overall power factor [5,6].

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Fig. 8 Simulink Model of Proposed Harmonic Reduction scheme

2.3.1 Simuation Results of Proposed Scheme

Fig 9 source voltage at proposed model

Fig 10 line current with improved quality

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Fig. 11 Total Harmonic Distortion

Table 1: Comparative analysis of power quality improvement

With linear load With non linear load With non linear load using SLC

Applied voltage (peak value) (Vs) 311.13v

Source current (peak value) (Is) 3.2 A with out distortion Appx 3.2 A with distortions 3.2 A with very reduced THD

R (ohm) 200

Load L Non linear (mH) load 1 _____

THD (%)

Less than 1 % 117%

311.13v

200

311.13v

200

Thyristor Bridge converter Thyristor Bridge converter In parallel with SLC

17%

3. Conclusion: In this paper an effort has been made to develop and implement a harmonic compensator for single phase diode bridge rectifiers AC to DC unregulated converter (main converter). The principle is based on parallel power processing. An auxiliary converter which is basically a synchronous link converter is connected in parallel to the main converter in order to compensate the harmonic and reactive power of the main converter. The above scheme has been simulated using MATLAB simulation software. Various simulation results are presented for the comparisons. A hybrid control environment has been used, which has partially analog as well as partially digital implementation. Using MATLAB software PWM control is implemented in the digital environment. It is found that initially (with linear load) the waveform of source current was sinusoidal and in phase with source voltage thus having power factor unity. With the application of non linear load the waveform of source current became distorted having THD as 117% thus power quality becomes poor having power factor much less than unity. As we apply SLC with PI controller and simulate the model with the help of MATLAB it was found that the waveform distortion of source current has been reduced to 17% thus the power quality is improved with power factor close to unity.

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References
[1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] [7] [8] Roger C. Dugan/Mark F. Mc Granaghan Electrical power system quality by published by McGrawHill. Prof. Mack Grady Understanding Power System Harmonics by Dept. of Electrical & ComputerEngineering University of Texas at Austin. www.ece.utexas.edu/~grady L. Rossetto, G. Spiazzi, P.Tenti Control Techniques for power factor correction converter,world academy of science ,engineering and technology,2011 Dr. R.K. Tripathi, Member, IEEE & Mr. Chandreshver Pratap Singh Power Quality Control of Unregulated Non-linear Loads, Power, Control and Embedded Systems (ICPCES), 2010 InternationalConference on Nov. 29 2010-Dec. 1 2010 , 1 - 6 B. Singh, K. Al-Haddad, and A. Chandra, A review of active filters for power quality improvement, IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron. 46 (6),960971 (1999). Bhim Singh, Brij N. Singh, Ambrish Chandra, Kamal Al-Haddad,Ashish Pandey, and Dwarka P. Kothari,A Review of Single-Phase Improved Power Quality AC-DC Converters, IEEE Trans. Ind. Electronics, vol. 50, No. 4, 2003,pp. 410-417 Luis A. Morn Juan W. Dixon Jos R. Espinoza, Rogel R. Wallace, Using Active power filters timprove power quality, J. Nastran, R. Cajhen, M. Seliger, and P. Jereb, "Active power filter for nonlinear AC loads," IEEE Trans. Power Electron., vol. 9, pp. 92-96, Jan. 1994.

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