Page 1

Mer332 H\W11 Solutions Spring 2010 Prof Anderson

12-5
Solution The inlet stagnation temperature and pressure and the exit stagnation pressure of air
flowing through a compressor are specified. The power input to the compressor is to be determined.
Assumptions 1 The compressor is isentropic. 2 Air is an ideal gas.
Properties The properties of air at room temperature are c
p
= 1.005 kJ/kgK and k = 1.4.
Analysis The exit stagnation temperature of air T
02
is determined from
K 562.4
100
900
K) 2 . 300 (
4 . 1 / ) 1 4 . 1 (
/ ) 1 (
01
02
01 02
=
|
.
|

\
|
=
|
|
.
|

\
|
=

k k
P
P
T T
From the energy balance on the compressor,
) (
01 20 in
h h m W =

or,
kW 15.8 = 300.2)K K)(562.4 kJ/kg 5 kg/s)(1.00 06 . 0 ( ) (
01 02 in
= = T T c m W
p

Discussion Note that the stagnation properties can be used conveniently in the energy equation.



12-6
Solution Air at 320 K is flowing in a duct. The temperature that a stationary probe inserted into the
duct will read is to be determined for different air velocities.
Assumptions The stagnation process is isentropic.
Properties The specific heat of air at room temperature is c
p
= 1.005 kJ/kgK.
Analysis The air which strikes the probe will be brought to a complete stop, and thus it will
undergo a stagnation process. The thermometer will sense the temperature of this stagnated air, which
is the stagnation temperature, T
0
. It is determined from
p
c
V
T T
2
2
0
+ = . The results for each case are
calculated below:
(a) K 320.0 =
|
|
.
|

\
|

=
2
s /
2
m 1000
kJ/kg 1
K kJ/kg 005 . 1 2
2
m/s) (1
+ K 320
0
T
(b) K 320.1 = |
.
|

\
|

=
2 2
2
0
s / m 1000
kJ/kg 1
K kJ/kg 005 . 1 2
m/s) (10
+ K 320 T
(c) K 325.0 = |
.
|

\
|

=
2 2
2
0
s / m 1000
kJ/kg 1
K kJ/kg 005 . 1 2
m/s) (100
+ K 320 T
(d) K 817.5 = |
.
|

\
|

=
2 2
2
0
s / m 1000
kJ/kg 1
K kJ/kg 005 . 1 2
m/s) (1000
+ K 320 T
Discussion Note that the stagnation temperature is nearly identical to the thermodynamic temperature
at low velocities, but the difference between the two is significant at high velocities.



AIR
320 K
V
100 kPa
27C
AIR
0.06 kg/s

900 kPa

W
Page 2

12-7
Solution The states of different substances and their velocities are specified. The stagnation
temperature and stagnation pressures are to be determined.
Assumptions 1 The stagnation process is isentropic. 2 Helium and nitrogen are ideal gases.
Analysis (a) Helium can be treated as an ideal gas with c
p
= 5.1926 kJ/kg K and k = 1.667. Then
the stagnation temperature and pressure of helium are determined from
C 55.5 = |
.
|

\
|

+ = + =
2 2
2 2
0
s / m 1000
kJ/kg 1
C kJ/kg 1926 . 5 2
m/s) (240
C 50
2
p
c
V
T T
MPa 0.261 = |
.
|

\
|
=
|
|
.
|

\
|
=
) 1 667 . 1 ( / 667 . 1 ) 1 ( /
0
0
K 323.2
K 328.7
MPa) 25 . 0 (
k k
T
T
P P
(b) Nitrogen can be treated as an ideal gas with c
p


= 1.039 kJ/kg K and k =1.400. Then the stagnation
temperature and pressure of nitrogen are determined from
C 93.3 = |
.
|

\
|

+ = + =
2 2
2 2
0
s / m 1000
kJ/kg 1
C kJ/kg 039 . 1 2
m/s) (300
C 50
2
p
c
V
T T
MPa 0.233 = |
.
|

\
|
=
|
|
.
|

\
|
=
) 1 4 . 1 /( 4 . 1 ) 1 /(
0
0
K 323.2
K 366.5
MPa) 15 . 0 (
k k
T
T
P P
(c) Steam can be treated as an ideal gas with c
p


= 1.865 kJ/kg K and k =1.329. Then the stagnation
temperature and pressure of steam are determined from
K 685 C 411.8 = = |
.
|

\
|

+ = + =
2 2
2 2
0
s / m 1000
kJ/kg 1
C kJ/kg 865 . 1 2
m/s) (480
C 350
2
p
c
V
T T
MPa 0.147 = |
.
|

\
|
=
|
|
.
|

\
|
=
) 1 329 . 1 /( 329 . 1 ) 1 /(
0
0
K 623.2
K 685
MPa) 1 . 0 (
k k
T
T
P P
Discussion Note that the stagnation properties can be significantly different than thermodynamic
properties.




12-8
Solution The state of air and its velocity are specified. The stagnation temperature and stagnation
pressure of air are to be determined.
Assumptions 1 The stagnation process is isentropic. 2 Air is an ideal gas.
Properties The properties of air at room temperature are c
p
= 1.005 kJ/kgK and k = 1.4.
Analysis The stagnation temperature of air is determined from
K 348 ~ = |
.
|

\
|

+ = + = K 9 . 347
/s m 1000
kJ/kg 1
K kJ/kg 005 . 1 2
m/s) 470 (
K 238
2
2 2
2 2
0
p
c
V
T T
Other stagnation properties at the specified state are determined by considering an isentropic process
between the specified state and the stagnation state,

Discussion Note that the stagnation properties can be significantly different than thermodynamic
properties.


Page 3

100 kPa
STEAM
1 MPa
750C
W
12-10
Solution Air flows through a device. The stagnation temperature and pressure of air and its
velocity are specified. The static pressure and temperature of air are to be determined.
Assumptions 1 The stagnation process is isentropic. 2 Air is an ideal gas.
Properties The properties of air at an anticipated average temperature of 600 K are c
p
= 1.051
kJ/kgK and k = 1.376.
Analysis The static temperature and pressure of air are determined from
K 518.6 = |
.
|

\
|

= =
2 2
2 2
0
s / m 1000
kJ/kg 1
K kJ/kg 051 . 1 2
m/s) (570
2 . 673
2
p
c
V
T T
and
MPa 0.23 = |
.
|

\
|
=
|
|
.
|

\
|
=

) 1 376 . 1 /( 376 . 1
) 1 /(
02
2
02 2
K 673.2
K 518.6
MPa) 6 . 0 (
k k
T
T
P P
Discussion Note that the stagnation properties can be significantly different than thermodynamic
properties.



12-11
Solution The inlet stagnation temperature and pressure and the exit stagnation pressure of products
of combustion flowing through a gas turbine are specified. The power output of the turbine is to be
determined.
Assumptions 1 The expansion process is isentropic. 2 Products of combustion are ideal gases.
Properties The properties of products of combustion are c
p
= 1.157 kJ/kgK, R = 0.287 kJ/kgK, and
k = 1.33.
Analysis The exit stagnation temperature T
02
is determined to be
K 9 . 577
1
0.1
K) 2 . 1023 (
33 . 1 / ) 1 33 . 1 (
/ ) 1 (
01
02
01 02
=
|
.
|

\
|
=
|
|
.
|

\
|
=

k k
P
P
T T
Also,
( )
( )
1
1 33 0 287 kJ/kg K
1 33 1
1 157 kJ/kg K
p v p p
kR
c kc k c R c
k
. .
.
.
= = =

=

From the energy balance on the turbine,
) (
01 20 out
h h w =
or, ( ) ( )
out 01 02
1 157 kJ/kg K (1023.2 577.9) K= 515.2 kJ/kg
p
w c T T . = = ~ 515 kJ/kg
Discussion Note that the stagnation properties can be used conveniently in the energy equation.