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Exercise 5.4
1.
2.X
Z
Y
Diagram 1
Solute
Solvent
Solution
sugar
Black coffee
Hot coffee
Hot water
Diagram 2
Based on diagram 2, determine the solute, solvent and solution in the hot coffee.
a. Solute :
b. Solvent :
c. Solution:
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SATURATED SOLUTION
P
DILUTE SOLUTION
Q
CONCENTRATED SOLUTION
R
Diagram 3
Draw lines to show the correct match between the solution in the beakers and their types
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Diagram 4
(a) Help Serena to label the above diagram using this information.
Solution
Solvent
Solute
(b) Use a molecular diagram to show the molecules of water and sugar in beaker R. Label
your diagram.
(c) Serena would like to add more sugar in the beaker without adding the volume of water.
Give two suggestion to her how to dissolve more sugar in the beaker.
(i)
(ii)
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
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Diagram 2
(a) In the above experiment, what is the :
(i) Solvent : ______________________________________________________
(ii) Solute : ______________________________________________________
(b) Give two ways to increase the solubility of common salt in the above diagram.
(i) ______________________________________________________________
(ii) ______________________________________________________________
(c) What type of solution is formed when the distilled water in the beaker will not dissolve
any more common salt?
________________________________________________________________
(d) Give two characteristics of the solution formed in the experiment.
______________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
(e) What are the factors effecting the solubility of a solute?
(i) ______________________________________________________________
(ii) ______________________________________________________________
(iii) ______________________________________________________________
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Diagram 6
(a) What are the hypothesis that can be tested?
(i) ______________________________________________________________
(ii) ______________________________________________________________
(b) State the variables in this experiment.
(i) Controlled variable : _____________________________________________
(ii) Manipulated variable : ___________________________________________
(iii) Responding variable : ___________________________________________
(c) Arrange P, Q and R in a descending order based on the rate of dissolving of sugar.
________________________________________________________________
(d) What is the conclusion that can you make from this experiment?
______________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
(e) What are the other two factors that affect the rate of dissolving a solute?
(i) ______________________________________________________________
(ii) ______________________________________________________________
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Diagram 7
(a) Which substance increases the most quickly as the temperature increases?
______________________________________________________________________
(b) Which substances have the same solubility at 40C?
______________________________________________________________________
(c) State the relationship between the solubility of substance and temperature.
______________________________________________________________________
8. An investigation to study the factors affecting the time taken for a Panadol tablet to dissolve
in 20 cm3 of water was carried out by two groups of students, Group X and Group Y. The
following table shows the results of Group X.
Panadol tablet
Whole tablet
Broken tablet
Powdered tablet
(a) (i) Which factor did Group X manipulate when they carried out the investigation?
___________________________________________________________________
(ii) Which factor did Group X keep constant?
___________________________________________________________________
(b) What can the students in Group x infer from their observation?
______________________________________________________________________
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9. Name the solvent for the following substances by using the terms provided.
Benzene
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
Alcohol
Turpentine
Acetone
Chlorophyll : _______________________________
Lipstick
: _______________________________
Rubber
: _______________________________
Paint
: _______________________________
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Diagram 1
(a) State the characteristics of the products in G and H in the diagram
G : __________________________________________________________________
H : ___________________________________________________________________
(b)State the changes in colour when a few drops of the following indicators were added to
the products in G and H.
Indicator
Damp litmus paper
Hydrogen carbonate
Universal
Acid/ Alkali
Vinegar
Grape juice
Yoghurt
Orange
Soap and detergents
Milk of Magnesia
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Alkali
Water
Alkali
Diagram 2
(a) State the colour change of litmus paper when it is added to the following acid.
(i) Solid citric acid
(a) Blue litmus paper : _________________________________________________
(b) Red litmus paper : _________________________________________________
(ii) Dilute citric acid
(a) Blue litmus paper : ________________________________________________
(b)Red litmus paper : _________________________________________________
(b)What is your inference?
_____________________________________________________________________
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Milk of magnesia
Orange
Toothpaste
Vinegar
Diagram 3
Substance
pH
Table 1
(a) Based on your observation on Diagram 4.1 and Table 4.2 state one property of
substances P, Q, R and S .
P: ..
Q: ..
R: ..
S: ...
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Common
property
Names of
substances
4. The following are the experiments to test the properties of acid. Write your observation for
each of these experiments.
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5. A reaction between a diluted hydrochloric acid and a solution of sodium hydroxide is shown
in the diagram.
Diagram 4
(a) Name the process of the reaction.
_____________________________________________________________________
(b) Write the word equation for the above reaction.
_____________________________________________________________________
(c) What is the pH value of the solution in the conical flask at the end of experiment?
_____________________________________________________________________
(d) What is the colour of the universal indicator at the beginning of the experiment?
_____________________________________________________________________
(e)What is the colour of the universal indicator at the end of experiment?
_____________________________________________________________________
(f) Name one application of this concept in our life.
_____________________________________________________________________
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Initial
Final
Purple
Table 2
(a)(i) State the colour of M.
.
(ii) Name the process that causes this change in colour.
.
(iii) Complete the word equation that shows the reaction.
Hydrochloric acid
Sodium hydroxide
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lemon
apple
tomato
10
11
toothpaste
12
13
14
soap
Milk of magnesia
Diagram 6
(i) Based on Diagram 6, complete the table below by giving one example for each group
of substances.
Acidic
Alkaline
.
7. The experiment below shows the neutralization of hydrochloric acid and sodium hydroxide.
Diagram 7
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Diagram 1
(a) Name the methods used in :
(i) Apparatus P - ______________________________________________________
(ii) Apparatus Q - _______________________________________________________
(b) What are the two processes involved in Apparatus P?
______________________________________________________________________
(c) Why is the liquid from beaker Q not suitable for drinking?
______________________________________________________________________
(d) What is the end product of the processes in apparatus P?
______________________________________________________________________
(e) Why is the liquid in beaker P not suitable for drinking?
______________________________________________________________________
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Diagram 2
(a) Name the following
(i) X : _________________________________________________________________
(ii) Y : ________________________________________________________________
(b) State three characteristics of liquid Y.
(i) __________________________________________________________________
(ii) __________________________________________________________________
(iii) __________________________________________________________________
(c) State why the water purified with the following methods of water purification is still
unsuitable for human consumption.
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
(iv)
Filtration : _________________________________________________________
Boiling : _________________________________________________________
Chlorination : _______________________________________________________
Distillation : _______________________________________________________
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d
a
Diagram 3
On figure 3, name the method and label the apparatus used for each picture using the following
words.
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Filtration
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Diagram 1
(a)State the function of adding
(i) Lime : ___________________________________________________________
(ii) Alum : ___________________________________________________________
(iii) Chlorine : ________________________________________________________
(iv) Fluoride : ________________________________________________________
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Diagram 3
(a) Based on Diagram 3, identify the parts labeled as
(i) T : _________________________________________________________________
(ii) W : ________________________________________________________________
(b) What are added in tank L?
_____________________________________________________________________
(c) What chemical is added in R, other than chlorine?
_____________________________________________________________________
(d) Based on answer in (c) ,explain the importance of the chemical.
_____________________________________________________________________
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Diagram 4
(a) Name the process X and Y
X : ___________________________________________________________________
Y : ___________________________________________________________________
(b) Name four natural sources of water that could possibly be stored in reservoir.
(i) __________________________________________________________________
(ii) __________________________________________________________________
(iii) __________________________________________________________________
(iv) __________________________________________________________________
(c) What is the function of alum in process X?
_____________________________________________________________________
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