Académique Documents
Professionnel Documents
Culture Documents
and
AC Analysis
Assignments
. .
Homework
Topic
P4
Review of Logic
ws
Test
AC Analysis
Worksheet 9.2
1.
A set of data has a mean of 20 and standard deviation 2 , Find the z-score of F each data value a. 24 b. 18.6 27
u nt
2.
A szt of data has mean 57 and standard deviation 6. Find the data value of each given z-ssore. a. 2 = 2 b. z 1.3 c. 2 = -0.5
In the following problems let Y be a random variable with standard normal distribution.
use the table below to find each probability,
In the following exercises assume that the data are normally distributed. Use the table below as needed. Use proportions, if necessary to approximate A(z) to the nearest
ten- thousandth.
6.
A set of biology test scores has s mean 78 and standard deviation 8. Approximate the percent of scores that can be expected to be (a,) above 70, (b.) above 90, and (c.) between 7 0 and 90, A scientist measures weight gain in a certain group of laboratory animals. The msan gain is 12.4 g and the standard deviation is 3.2 g. Find the percent o f animals whose weight aain can be expected to be (a,) less than 14 a: (b.) more than 14 g, (c.) less than 6 g or more than 18 g,
Find the percent of data in a standard normal distribution within a , ) one standard deviation of the mean, (b.) two standard deviations of the mean, (c.) three standard deviations of the mean,
7.
8,
9.
A manufacturer of 60 watt bulbs finds that the buibs have a mean life of 1000 hours and a standard deviation of 50 hours,
b. q + p is "If c2 = b2, then a = A," This conditional sentence is false. For example, { - 2)'- = f2)1 but 2 6 - 2. c. p <-* q is ' " a = b if and only if c2 = bz," The bicondkional sentence is false because q
-r.
p is false.
p only if 4.
For example, "If two triangks are congruent, then they are similar" can also be stated in the following t h e ways:
Congruence of two triangles is sufficient for their similarity. Similarity of two triangles is necessary for their congruence. Two trianelss are congruent only if they are similar.
The sentence p only if q means that if a is not true. then p is not true. We call q' p' the c&ntraposiiiveof p q. Thus in the example above the coniraposh'ive of "If two triangles are congruent, then they are similar" is "If two triangles are not similar, then they are not congrusni."
EXAMPLE 2
Sdution
State the contra~osiliveof "If a qua~rilaisral is a parallelogram, then op~ositesides are congruent." A quadrilateral has TWO pairs of opposite sides. The negation of the conchsion of the given conditions! sentence is "AT Isasi one pair of opposite sides of a quadrilateral are not congrusnt."' The contrapositive of the given statement is "If at least one pair of o p ~ o s i ~ e of a quadrilateral are not sides
Many theorems in mathematics are proved by the strategy of em!rapmition. That is, by proving that a' p' is true we prove tnat p - q is true. Other theorems are proved b y contradiction. We may prove that p q is true by assuming thai p is true and q is false. If we iogisaliy obtain a false conciusion from these assumptions, we may asssr: tnat p q is r u e . A proof using this strategy is called an in4reci proof or proofby contradiction,
"
EXAAIPLE 3
Given the conditional sentence "If x = y. then x A ? = y i," what assumptions wouid be made in order to give an indirect proofs
SoI~ttion To prove the given conditional sentence indirectly. assume that x = \ and x + 1 = y - 1.
The two
most common ways t o specify an inrerve-l a r e by using E E K V A L HOTS.TION and SET BUILDER NOTATION.
rL.
' ,
'I'
~n:ervals whose ia.tersect.ion is the empty set sre called DISJOINT IKTERVALS.
Z KTERVAL
GRAPH
IhTERVAL KOTATXOK
k l v a y s use "or"= "Vn o r 'D for coaibination~of t i i s j o i n t intervals. Why can't you use nandn?
Construct the @ and tables tar 6 and S3-{a}, respectively, a. I (&,@ ) agroup? s b. Is (+-@) a group?
io}
a ) a group?
Prove that in a group the Identity i unique. Hint: Assume there are two distinct s identities and arrive at a contradiction.
Complete the table below for a triangle that has three distinct cornsrs (red, green, and blue). There are six possible "transformations". I. I does nothing (Identity) ii. C: rotate once clockwise iii. K: rotate once counterclockwise iv T; refiectaboutthelinethroughthetopcornerandcenter v. L: reflect aboiri the iine through the left comer and center vi. R: reflect about the line through the right comer and center
Before
<;
After I
After C
After K
After T
After L
After R
Examples:
Co L = R LC'C = T ROF. = 1
AC Analysis
1. Two warehouses are to s u p ~ i y three stores. Warehouse A has 12 items. B has 12 iiems. T?e three stores e a c h want 8 kerns. The cost 01" shipment is given by the foliowing iabk.
Warehouse B 1 4 1 3
\
14
--
Cost i do1lars1 n
AC ANALYSIS ASSIGNMENT SHEET CHAPTER 1&2 FUNCTIONS AND THEIR GRAPES POLYNOMIALAND RATIONAL FUNCTIONS
Da'topic
1.1&1.2:
Assignment
1 2
I
I
4
'
In. 92: 1-9 odd. 13-21 odd. 25-49 EOO. 51-59 BOO. 71. 77. 81 FunctiondGraphs of p. 105: 1-13 ODD, 19,21.25-57 EOO, 59.61.71, 73.75 Functions 1.W1.4: 116: 1-45 EOO. 11 Transfomations/Cornbi ip. 126: 1-29 EOO, 35-61 BOO,59,69,71 nations
Ip.
1-5 : Inverse Functions p. 139: 3-57 multipiss of 3,61, 63, 67-70. 71, 75, 77, 86
Quiz
2.1 k2.2: Quadratic p. 165: 1-8.23-25.29.35,47,49,51. 57 Functions/Poiynomials lp. 177: 1-9. 17, 19.21,2747 EOO, 55-57, 65.67. 73. 75 of Hisher Decree 2.3k2.4:Real P. 191: 1, 7. 11, 19,23,27.35,39. 41,45,47,53, 5 5 . 57,65-6 7 , 69, 75 ZerostComplex 202: 1-101 ED0 Numbsrs
ip.
1
Ip.
10
Review
Lesson
1
P. 338+ #3. 6.9. 18-63 mult. of 3.65 - 71 odd 77. 81, 83. 85
Functions
4.6 Graphs of Other Trigonometric
Functions
4.6 Damped Funciions
Review
Review
Test
Book Section
Topic
Law of Sines
'!
Assignment
Page 466- #3-39 mult 3 except 33
Law of Cosines
I
Vectors in the Plane
Practice
6.4 Day 2
DeMoivre' s Theorem
I
6.5 Day 2
I
Review
AC Analysis
Proof
AC Analysis
Worksheet 9.1
Prove each of the following using the Principal of Mathematical Induction. Assume n is any natural number.
, <
7.
Find an
a.
b.
1, 8, 18, 31,47, . . .
c. d.
8. 9.
Assignment
I 1
10.2
I1
i
I
Ellipses
1
1
I Page
,
1
1
I
10.4
1
I
Rotxhon of h e s
1
I
17
10.6
Poiar Coordinates
1 Page 805+
fa-" mult. of 4
!
8
10.7
10
11
1
1
IFohrRe~ewr
I
Worksheet
12
1 Tea
i i
I
I Assi-ment
I
k Problem
of 3
L h h of S m a t i o m
Review
Page 912+ #3-27 em! 33-39 eao, 43-67wo 25: 57 (mo = every other odd)
a3, . .
. , an*. . .
11
2s
1.
0 terms bLfar OUI" in the sequence cluster near the n u m ~ e r That is, it zppexs 1. tnat d l terms from a,, an are as dose to 1 2s we plezse provided that large enough values of n.
we use
I00
what vahes of
100
We can make [an- 11 even smaller by requiring that n be even larger. h k d , no matter how small a positive number h is given 2s a bound for 1% - 11, WE can find a number M such that lan - 11 < I whenever n > M. i
h i ! of-n -I1 1
2 s n irxreases
without
bound is 1, and we w r i ~ e
L~LMWUr
m eacn
i i r r i ~ ~ I[ 11
exws.
par^
(a'),
Answer
c. Divide the numerator and the denominator by n2:
Since the limit of the numrator is nonzero and the limit of the cis nomina~or zero, the limit of the x q u e n c e does not esisi. is Answer Long division could also be used to solve the proolrm.
Sincc lim
)I*=
r1
d o ~ nof exist, the limit of the given quotimi does not exist* s
[ &,
If I!-= atI = 0, then for every 11: [ i n = 0. lim If n-w on exists, then n-= laIl[exists. lim liin If lim laI,\ exists, then nhn L:,, exists, -e If a,, 5 bI,for all 11 and rl-m b,! exists, t h ~ nlim Iim
I?-==
11-=
0,:exists.
lffln =
nz 2n?
I ?then
n-==
22. If u,, = 2 d
?m
+ 7'
bJ7. . . such thal RlimC (an + b,J = ? , . d 24. Finu two divergent sequmczs u l ,c2, . . , , u , ~ . . . and ' b l , b7! , . . , -
25. Find one convergent sequence a [ . fi2, - . . c n , . . . and on= aivergent sequmce b , b2, , . . , bt,, . . . such that a t b ], . . . , ~ ~ b , ., , . con. verges,
has a h i i t , the hrnh k uniaue. 27. Prove that - 1, I - 1, . . . is divergent by corn~leting parls (a) and (b).
Let 11 =
5
I
~ a l c u l Chapter 2 usAssignments
Lesson
Topic
2.2
2.3
2.3
2.4
Chain Rule
2.4
WS
Review
Calculus Chapter 2 Test
t ANALYSIS
alculus Chapter 2
NAME:
Verify:
Verify:
dx
= ex.
EXERCISES:
Use four terms of the infinite saries to find and verify with your calculator:
a) eS
3)
4)
5)
SECTION 2.5
Implicit Differentiation
Implicit Differentiation
iiuideiines for Impkit Differsntfafion
1 Differentiate both sidss of the equation with respect w 1 . . 2. Collect all terms involving d y / d x on the lefi side of t h e equation and move all other !ems to ths right sids of the equation. 3. Factor &/dx out of the left side of the quaiion. 4. Solve for ay/& hy dividing both sides of the equation by th: left-hand f a a o r that does not contain dy/&.
EXAMPLE 2 implicit Differentiation
Solution
3 , ,d v 2,.- -,- d v
d x d
5 civ - 3 2!= 0
x h
O!+= 2y - 5) +
TOsee how you can use an implicii &v-tvainc,, consider tine graph shown in Figure 2.25. From the graph, you can see that y is not a function x . Even so, ins derivative found in Example 2 gives a formula for the slope of the tangent line a1 a poini on this graph. T e slopes a?several points on the graph are shown bslow the graph. h
irnpiicii eouation
- jy - xi = - 4
s the derivative
: TECHNOLOGY With most graphing utilities, it is easy to sketch t i e graph of an equation that explicitly represents y as a function of I.S k e t c n i n ~ a u h s ohsr of : equations, however, can require some ingenuity. For insiance, to sketch tine graph : of the eyation given i n Example 2, try using a "~apning utility, ssi in parametric : mode, to sketch the graphs givsn by A- = ,/f3 - i2 - 51 + 4, y = t, and : A- = - v^ + l 2 - 51 + 4,y = f . for - j 5 I < 5. How does the result compare : with the graph shown in Figure 2.25?
SECTION 25 .
Implicit Differentiation
137
EXAMPLE 5
Find dy jdx implicitly for the equation sin y = x. Then find the largest interval of the form - a < y < a such that y is a difiereniiabie function of x {see figure 2.29).
Solution
dv cos y = 1
di-
dv -=-
dx
1 derivative is dy = ire 1.2s
1 cosy
dx~\-X1'
The largest interval about the origin for which y is a difierentiable function of x is - n/2 < y < ~ / 2To see this, note that cosy is positive for ally in this interval and . . . is 0 at the endpoims. If you restrict y to the intervai ir/2 < y < 77/2: you should be able to write d y / h explicitly as a function of x. T do this, you can use o
SECTION 2.5
implicit Differentiation
IS9
Id.
Exercises
J.
= ser
: - . * find +!dr I
at
In Exercises 45 and 46,find the at which the graph of the equation has a vertical or horizontal tangent line.
45 25-r2+ l h f l
142
CHAPTER 2
Differentiation
Find:
In each o the remaining examples in this section. you mus: create a. matnsmaiica! f mode! from a verbal descri~tiun. EXAMPLE 2
3
Rippies in a Pond
Solution
The variables r and A are related by A = r". The race of change%%! maim r is ilr/di = 1.
A = rr=
Equation:
Given rate:
Find:
ar -= 1 tit
dA dt
when
r=4
Fipre L32
When r = 4, the
2x1
is chiingirg
a1 a
'A',li-
1. Identify all given quantities and ouanriiies 10 be determined. Make a s k e ~ n and label the p a n r i h . 2. 'Write an equation involving ths varii~ieswhose rates of change either arc given or are to be determined.
N G E In thase guidelines. hi sure you ptrfurm Slep 3 before Step 4 . Suhstiiuting the known valuus of the vhriiibiss bdore diffsr;:rniniing will product an inappropriati: dtrivaiive
3. Using the Chain Ruk. implicitly differenijiire both sides of the e~uatit
-1. After completing Step 3, substitute into ths resulting equation all K o nw vaiuss for the variables and thsir rates of change. Then solve for the r s o u k i
race of change,
CHAPTER 2
Differentiation
-.
An airplans is flying on a Bight path that will take station. as shown in Figure 1.34. If s is decreasing
when s = 10 miles, what is tie speed of the plane?
Solution Let x be the horizontal distance from the statior.. as shown in Figure 2.34. Notice that when s = 10,x = ^/lO2 8. =
Given role:
Find:
=$
Figure 2.34
Solve for
ttx.
11:.
d r
di
10 8
Bemuse the veiocity is -500 miles per hour. the speed is 500 miles per himr.
A. and
Mi/:
EXAMPLE 5
Find the rats of change in the angls of elevation of the camera shown in Figure 2.35 at 10 seconds after lift-off.
Solution
Let 6 be the angle of elevation. as shown in Figure 2.35. When 1 = 10, the height 5 of the rocket is s = 5W = 50( I$) = 5000 feet.
Given rare: k / d r = 1001 = velocity of rocket
Find:
d9/dt when
= ID and
= 5000
Using Figurs 235, you can relait s and 8 by the equation tan t! = 5/2000.
See Figure 225
A television camera at ground level is filming the lift-ofi of a space shuttle that is rising vertically according to the position eauation s = 5ot2, where s is measured m feet and f is measured in seconds. The camera is 2000 feet from the launch pad. F i v e 1.35
SECTION 2.6
Related Rates
147
23. Depth A swimmingpool is 12 meters lung, 6 meters wide, i mctsr deep at the shallow end, and S .meters deep at h s deep - end (see Figure). Water is being pumped into the pool at cubic maier per minute, and there i s 1 meter of water at the deep end. ( 3 ) What percent of the pool is filled? I )AI what m is t i e water ievel rising? % e
27. Construction A winch at the top of a 12-meter building pulls a pipe of the same length ID a veniail'position,as shown in the figure. The winch pulk in rope at a raie of U-2 meiers per second, Find the rats of vertical change and the rais of horizontal change at the end of the pipe when y = 6.
Figure for 23
24. Depth A [rough is 12 feet iung and 3 feet iiCroSK the tup (see k u r e j . Its ends arc isosceles trianglss with ultiiutiss of 3 feel. it water is heing pumped into the trough nt 2 cubic feet wet minute. how fast is the water ievel rising when the water is 1 foot deep? 25. Moving Ladder A ladder 25 feel long i s leaning against tht wall of a niiuse (set Figure). Tne base of the ladder is pulled away from the wall at a m of 2 feet per second, e
(a) H fast is the top rntiving down the wall when the base of the ladeer is 7 fee:, 15 ieet, and 24 fee: from the wall?
Figure for 27
Figure for 2~
28. Boating A boa1 is pulled into a dock by means of a winch 12 feet above the deck of m e boat (me figure).The winch pulis in rope ai a raie of 4 fee! per second. Determine the s p e e ~ the of boat whsn there are 13 ies! of rapt 01. What huppcns 10 [He 11 s ~ e e d the boa: ilii it gets closer to the dock? of
An air traffic comrallsr spots two planes at the same altitude converging on a. puint as they fly a1 right angles to each other (see figure). O x plane i s 150 miles from tbs point moving a! 450 miles per hour.The other plane is 2U0 miles from ins point moving ilt 6UU rniiss per huur.
(a) Ar what rate is ths distance between the planes decreasing?
(b) Consider the trim& funned by the side of the house. the ladder, and the ground. Find Ibs rate ai which the area of the iriungie is ckantjng when the base of the ladder i 7 feet s
(b) How much time does the air traffic controller have to get
one of the
Figure for 25
Figure fur 25
Figure for 26
FOR FURTHER INFORIIATION Fur more information on the mathematics of muving ladders ses t n m i c l e 'The Fiilling Ludde~ Paradox" by Paul Schoksr. and Andrew Sirnoson in the January 1996 issue of The College Mathematics Journal.
30. AirTrafficCommi AnaipianeLifiyigaianaitituasof 6 miles and passes directly over a radar antenna (sss figursj. Wbsn th plane is 10 miles away -(r= 10)-lnc r ~ u a rnsiecis that t i e dismnce 1 is changing at a rate of 246 miles per houi. Wi; the sueed of the @me? is 33.Shadow Length A man 6 fesi tall walk at a rat- of 5 feet rn p e r second away from a iigix tha? is 15 fee: above the youna i-st: figure). When he is 1U feet from the base of [he ligh.
( a ) at
26. Construction A cunstmctiun worker pulls a 5-meter plank UD the side ul it buildinyuuder construction by msani of a. rops lied to one enu of a pbnk (see Rpre). Assume the opposite end of the plank Eolbws a path psrpenaicula~to the wall 01 the building and the worker pulls tne rope at a rale of 0.2.5msier per second. How fast is the end of the plank siiaing along the ground when i t is 1 meters from the wall of the builuing? 5
m of Elevation e
1 '
A butloun rises 3 : ii rate of 5 rnersrE per second from a puini on ihs: ground 30 rneieni irum an observer. Find the rats of chunge o f the angle of elevaiiun of the baiioon from the observer w k n the ballixin ih 3D meters above ths
ground.
A06
57. (a)
-10 10
23. ( a ) 12.5%
7
(b)
-<
(b)
f b ) 2U minutes 29. ( a ) -750 miles per hour 28 31. * - 8.85 feel per second
JlO
3.-
59. Proof
33. (a)
(hj
J
37. Proof
-1
(b)
$
39. T"-"' 1 . 3- + ~
( ; -) = < ill
r
".pimperscCon~
(b) increiises
U. /.r4 - 5x2
2 w
+ 1vj
fC)
49,
17. In}
fb)