2. 2 information policies related to censorship on the internet and freedom of information.

i.

China censors info on U.S. Internet freedom policy Cached: http://www.digitaltrends.com/computing/china-censors-info-on-us-internet-freedom-policy/ By: Geoff Duncan February 17, 2011 China runs the most extensive firewalling and Internet filtering operation on the planet, dubbed the Great Firewall of China for keeping a tight rein on information Chinese citizens can access via the Internet. China has become infamous for blocking access to what it deems disruptive or politically sensitive information and now that apparently includes Secretary of State Hillary Clinton. Reports from China indicate that Chinese censors have blocked posts from the U.S. Embassy highlighting Clintons recent speech on Internet freedoms, and Chinas top microblogging service Sina has blocked searches on the terms Hillary and Hillary Clinton with a message that the search results were blocked due to Chinese laws and regulations. Clintons speech elaborated on Internet freedoms as a primary plank of U.S. foreign policy, describing Internet freedoms as a basic human right. In the speech, Clinton said nations like China that stifle their citizens online speech and expression will pay long-term social and economic costs, including a dictators dilemma of being forced to greater lengths of oppression to maintain control over media and speech. Those who clamp down on Internet freedom may be able to hold back the full expression of their peoples yearnings for a while, but not forever. Chinese censors also recently blocked searches for Egypt in the wake of anti-government protests in that country that led to the resignation of president Mubarak. China is also not above shutting down Internet and

mobile access in entire regions of the nation, such as in 2009 when ethnic riots broke out in the countrys Xinjiang region. Internet and domestic mobile text services were shut down for month, and only re-enabled for domestic messaging and access to approved Web sites. The Chinese government consistently describes its citizens access to the Internet as free and unrestricted, while maintaining it has the right to block and restrict access to information it deems harmful or disruptive.

ii.

Malaysia Internet Censorship: Law & policy around the world In March 1999, numerous media organisations reported that Prime Minister Datuk Seri Dr Mahathir Mohamad had said there would be no censorship of the Internet. For example, in an article titled Do Away With Internet Censorship: PM the Utusan Express reported: "KUALA LUMPUR March 16 - Prime Minister Datuk Seri Dr Mahathir Mohamad has advised the Cabinet to dispense with attempts on internet censorship, said Multimedia Development Corporation (MDC) executive chairman Tan Sri Dr Othman Yeop Abdullah today. 'The Prime Minister has given specific instructions that there will not be censorship on the internet. That's the position of the government,' he said at a press conference. He explained that the Prime Minister was reaffirming a pledge in the Bill of Guarantee last week that there will be no censorship on the internet. On 14 February 2002, an article in The Australian reported that the Malaysian government had signalled an intent to require website operators to obtain licences. According to the article "Steven Gan, editor-in-chief of Malaysiakini.com, says the Mahathir government's plan to require licences for website operators would effectively silence the only dissenting media voices in a nation with rigid controls over traditional news outlets, especially newspapers."

7.

Copyright is defined as a right to authorise the use of ones work in different ways. It is the permission or the right to copy. The emphasis is not so much on the right to copy but on the right to prevent others from unfairly taking advantage ownership of the original owner of the copyright, who in most cases is the author, composer, artist and sculptor where the work originated. And also it is very

difficult to give an address on copyright generally as laws differ from country to country. (RTM Marketing) [see attavhment]

10. Why do we need to organized information? Describe the techniques on how information can be organized for ease of retrieval. Information must be organized in order to permit analysis, synthesis, understanding and communication. Organizing information is important because it allows person to manage and retain the information more efficiently, communicate the information more effectively, recognize the need for further information and discard unneeded information, recognize trends, clusters, and other patterns in the information gathered and synthesize disparate pieces of information into new knowledge. The usefulness of organizing things can be illustrated in tasks such as arranging tools in a workshop, organizing your desktop, or writing down directions for others to follow. Our day-to-day professional and social lives rarely demand that we create detailed architectures of what we know and how those structures of information are linked. Yet without a solid and logical organizational foundation, your web site will not function well even if your basic content is accurate, attractive, and well written. There are five basic steps in organizing your information: i. ii. Inventory your content: What do you have already? What do you need? Establish a hierarchical outline of your content and create a controlled vocabulary so the major content, site structure, and navigation elements are always identified consistently; iii. Chunking: Divide your content into logical units with a consistent modular structure; iv. Draw diagrams that show the site structure and rough outlines of pages with a list of core navigation links; and v. Analyze your system by testing the organization interactively with real users; revise as needed

One way to organize the information you have gathered is to group materials by similar concepts or content. For example, when gathering information from the Web, it is useful to bookmark Web sites and organizes them into folders. Another way of organizing information is to create an outline. An outline arranges materials hierarchically and sequentially by identifying main topics, subtopics, and details under the subtopics. Outlines allow you to group materials by similar concepts or content and put them into a logical order. Once you have organized your information, you will be able to analyze your materials and combine the different elements of information into a new entity. This process of integrating materials you have gathered and then creating your own information product is called synthesizing.