App

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APP - High efficiency, End Suction, Process Pump for Stock handling
Designed to ISO 2858
Applications Operating Data Family Curves 960 rpm 1450 rpm 2900 rpm Material of Construction Design Features Selecting pump for pulp handling Selecting pump for Black Liquor General Guidelines
Standard Industrial Pumps
Applications
O Operating Data960 rpm1450 rpm General Guidelines
2900 rpm
Material of Construction
D Design FeaturesSelecting pump for pulp handling
Selecting pump for Black Liquor
Product Training
App pumps finds application in
Continuous operation in process industries Pumping of clean abrasive / corrosive liquids Transfer of stock up to 8% consistency
ApplicationsOperating Data 960 rpm 1450 rpm2900 rpm Applications O Operating Data960 rpm1450 rpm 2900 rpm Material of ConstructionDesign Features Material of Construction D Design FeaturesSelecting pump for pulp handling Selecting pump for pulp handling Selecting pump for Black Liquor Selecting pump for Black Liquor General Guidelines General Guidelines
Product Training
Operating Data
APP pump is a horizontal, single stage, radially split, volute casing pump in back-pull out design
Pump size Capacity Head Pressure
: DN 50 to 150 mm : Q up to 132 l/s : H up to 105 m : p up to 16 bar
Temperature : t -100 to +180 0C Consistency : Up to 8%
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Family curves
960 rpm
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Family curves
1450 rpm
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Family curves
2900 rpm
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Material of Construction
Description
Volute casing Casing cover Impeller Wear Plate Brg. Bkt. Lantern Brg. Bracket Shaft S.P. Sleeve
Pressure-temperature limits
GC Execution C Execution
GC.
C. I. C. I. SS 2324 SS 2324 C. I. C. I. AISI 431 AISI 329
SS 2324
SS 2324 SS 2324 SS 2324 SS 2324 C. I. C. I. AISI 431 AISI 329 0 16
Max. discharge pressure in bar

-30
Temperature in 0C
120
180 200
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Better material - For longer life

New wear resistant Duplex Stainless Steel SS 2324
Chemical composition Material CF8M Std. ASTM A 743 C 0.08 Si 1.50 Mn 1.50 Cr 18-21 Mo 2-3 Ni 9-12
SS 2324
SIS 142324
0.12
1.5
2.0
23-27
1.3-1.8
4.5-7.0
Physical properties Resists corrosion Material CF8M Hardness Tensile kg/mm2 130-200 49.5 Yield Strength 20.9 Resists corrosion & reduces oxidation
High resistant to stress corrosion cracking & pitting Better erosion resistant
SS 2324 260
60.2-79.6
37.75
Better wear resistance
Better for lower pH value than Stainless Steel (CF 8 M)
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Design features
Heavy duty shaft as per ISO 5199 Volute casing with low radial forces Simplified sturdy bearing unit Self venting casing prevents air lock design
Open impeller specially designed for pulp application up to 8 % consistency
Rigid bearing support
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Design features
Special Spiral Key design
More power transmission capability

Self locking Back run safe Easy installation & dismantling
Fixed spiral key Non-sensetive to axial thrust Advantage of normal key & locking screw Never a wrong key / misalignment
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Design features
Adjustable side plate
Improved Q-H
Maintains high efficiency Provides a constant clearance impeller - sideplate No bearing housing adjustment needed = Less seal damages Fast & easy to adjust
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Design features
Process Stability
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Selection of pump for Paper industry

Pump handling pulp, liquor & slurry
Pulp is generally made up of wood stock duly converted in cellulose. To convert the black colored cellulose to whitish color pulp, bleaching is done . During this process the waste water in the form of black liquor is generated. Based on the stock used, process & bleaching agents color & characteristics of liquor changes. Green & white liquor are also there but concentrated black liquor is one of the most difficult liquid to handle. Apart from this pumps are also required for handling slurry & lime, in addition to the boiler feed water pumps, pumps for handling raw water, shower / felt cleaning and edge cutting applications.
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Effect of consistancy on stock flow characteristics
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Stock Behaviour
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Pump handling pulp

To find a suitable pump for handling bleached pulp having 6% consistency Q= 108 m3/ hr. = 30 lps H= 15 m Temperature = 300C Sp. Gr. = 1.05 kg/dm3
General selection : Suitable pump is APP 22 - 80 at 1480 rpm with suction nozzle DN 125 mm Performance curves given in the curve booklet are for pump handling water. Because this is a mixture of pulp & water, they need to be corrected for the same. There are various correction factors for the same. Kk is size coefficient based on pump size (Refer Table 1) --- TBD pg 5 Km & Ki are stock quality coeff.based on the type of pulp handled(Refer Table 2 & fig.3 resp) -- TBD pg5
H is change in head in % based on the consistency of pulp & speed of rotation of pump (Ref. fig.1)
TBD pg5 fig.7
is change in efficiency based on the consistency of pulp & speed of rotation of pump (Ref
TBD pg.5 fig.8 To calculate change in head
fig.2)
To calculate equivalent head at water rating Hwater = ( 100 + H ) / 100 x Hstock Hwater = ( 100 + 3.0 ) / 100 x 15 = 15.45 m
H = (Kk /
Km) X DH 1.0 ) X 2.5 = 3.0
H = ( 1.2 /
Product Training Pump handling pulp

Q water = Q stock = 108 m3 / hr
At Q = 30 lps & H = 15.45 m suitable pump is APP 22 - 80 at 1480 rpm with = 72.5 % for water.
To calculate change in efficiency
To calculate efficiency for stock

x water
= (Kk / = (1.2 /
Km) X
stock = ( 100 - ) / 100
1.0) X 6 = 7.2
stock = ( 100 - 7.2 ) / 100 x 72.5 = 67.28 = 67%
To calculate power required at pump shaft

BkW = (Qstock BkW = (108
x Hstock)
/ (367
/ (367
x hstock)
X Sp. Gr.
x 15)
x
x 0.67)
X 1.05 = 6.92
Considering power reserve of 30 % as per guide lines MkW = 6.92 1.3 = 8.99 kW . Selected motor is of 9.3 kW
B kW P o w e r R e s e rv e t o k W . % t o k W . % t o k W % above kW %
(TBD pg.9 Table 12)
Product Training Pump handling pulp

To calculate NPSHR for handling the stock
NPSHR stock = ( Ki / Km ) x (NPSHR water + 0.5 m ) NPSHR stock = ( 1.27 / 1.0 ) x ( 4.5 + 0.5 m ) NPSHR stock = 6.35 m
To check shaft material for maximum allowed torque

This can be done by comparing ration of MkW to effective speed of motor. Here, 9.3 / 1460 = Bearing P/n value for 0.00637 which isAwithin the limit of 0.05 for shaft material ASTM A 276 Type 410. allowed Bracket ASTM Type
. . . .
(TBD pg.9 Table 11)
Product Training Pump handling black liquor

Viscosity is the most decisive factors in selecting pump for black liquor.
Viscosity of liquor depends on Raw material Dry solid content Process Temperature
APP pumps can not be offered if viscosity is > 1000 cSt To find a suitable pump for handling strong black liquor
Q= 60 m3/ hr = 16.66 lps pH = 11 ( Highly alkaline ) H= 29 m Temperature = 95C Sp. Gr. = 1.35 kg/dm3
viscosity = 500 cps = 500 / sp.gr. = 365 cSt
Performance curves given in the curve booklet are for pump handling water. Duty parameters of liquor are converted to equivalent duty parameters handling water. Various coefficient factors are used for the same.
Table of coefficients
P u m p S ize k k
- - - - - - - - - E - E - E - E - E - E - E - E - E - E - E - E - . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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Product Training
Stock quality coefficient

Type of stock Chemical Bleached Unbleached Knotter Unscreened Mechanical stock Km 1.0 0.95 0.95 0.9 0.9
Suction size coefficient

Suction size 65 80 100 125 150 >150 Standard Industrial Pumps Kk 3 2.3 1.6 1.2 1.0 1.0

At Q = 16.66 lps & H = 29 m suitable pump is APP 32 - 65 at 1480 rpm.
Change in head due to consistency
H = Viscosity in cSt x Qliquor in lps x k1 H = 365 x 16.66 x 5.92x10-3 = 3.60 m Hwater = Hliquor + H = 29 + 3.6 = 32.6 m
Qwater = Qliquor
At Q = 16.66 lps & H = 32.6 m, APP 32 - 65 at 1480 rpm & full impeller dia. has 53% efficiency. Power required at pump shaft Pwater = (Qwater
x Hwater)
/ (367
x water)
= (32.6 x 60) / (367
x 0.53)
= 10.05 kW
Additional power required on account of viscosity dP = Pm x ( ( rpm / 1000)X ) x k2 x ( dimp / dmax )3 where , Pm = Coefficient based on viscosity from Graph A dimp = Nominal impeller dia. At duty point in mm X = Coefficient based on viscosity from Graph B dmax = Maximum impeller dia.

Additional power required on account of viscosity P = 2.4 x ( ( 1480 / 1000)2 .79 ) x 2.13 x ( 330 / 330 )3 = 15.26
Pliquor = Pwater x sp.gr. of liquor + DP Pliquor = 10.02 x 1.35 Hence pump for handling stock is 16.45%
+ 15.26
= 28.79
Considering safety margin , motor selected is = 28.79 x 1.15 = 33.10 = 37 kW
Calculating NPSHR
NPSHR water = NPSHR liquor Notice drop in pressure in & pumping temperature in suction piping. With liquors having viscosity > 250 cSt use shortest possible suction piping.
Material suitability
SS 2324 is suitable for highly alkaline ( up to 11 pH) & hot (temperature up to 1050C) black liquor.
For APP pumps to be offered for these applications kindly take HOs recommendation on your selection.
Product Training
Influence of supplementary air on the pump performance
If the stock contains supplementary air, the pump head and efficiency decreases and the suction head requirement increases
Product Training
Influence of supplementary air on operating point
Due to the presence of supplementary air, the operation point of the pump changes. This fact should be taken into account when selecting the pump
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The position of refilling pipes

Presence of air bubble in the stock affects the pump characteristic values and requires a higher suction head and when the air contents increases, the air pockets in the piping causes more problems. The air mixes easily with the stock if the stock falls freely into the chest or reservoir
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How to avoid air pockets
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Outlets from the reservoirs and Chests
In the agitator basins the pump should be on the side, where no flow disturbances occur
Connecting the pump inlet pipe to the chest must always be carefully planned. The inlet pipe must be positioned where the flow is least disturbed. Inlet pipe should be as short & straight as possible
The pump should be positioned in as free as possible
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How to improve pumpability
a) Must be avoided
b) Recommended
Shape of reservoir bottoms inclining in the direction of the pump inlet pipe
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How to design the inlet opening of the suction pipe
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Pipe reductions in horizontal pipe

Inlet pipe should be as short & straight as possible
Conical pipe parts should be avoided
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Pipe reductions after pipe directed upwards
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Selection & position of valve in the suction pipe
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Connections to the inlet pipe
If there are pipe connections to the inlet of the pump, they should be placed as far away from the inlet opening as possible with a curved entrance to the inlet pipe.
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Connection of the inlet pipe to a manifold
If the inlet pipe of the pump is connected to a manifold, this connection should be as smoothly curved as possible
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Guide values for the flow velocities in the pipes

a-b in outlet pipes b-c in inlet pipes

App

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Product Training

Standard Industrial Pumps

O Operating Data960 rpm1450 rpm General Guidelines

D Design FeaturesSelecting pump for pulp handling

Selecting pump for Black Liquor

App pumps finds application in

Standard Industrial Pumps

Pump size Capacity Head Pressure

: DN 50 to 150 mm : Q up to 132 l/s : H up to 105 m : p up to 16 bar

Temperature : t -100 to +180 0C Consistency : Up to 8%

Standard Industrial Pumps

Standard Industrial Pumps

Standard Industrial Pumps

Standard Industrial Pumps

Max. discharge pressure in bar

Standard Industrial Pumps

Better material - For longer life

Better wear resistance

Better for lower pH value than Stainless Steel (CF 8 M)

Standard Industrial Pumps

Open impeller specially designed for pulp application up to 8 % consistency

Rigid bearing support

Standard Industrial Pumps

More power transmission capability

Standard Industrial Pumps

Standard Industrial Pumps

Standard Industrial Pumps

Selection of pump for Paper industry

Standard Industrial Pumps

Effect of consistancy on stock flow characteristics

Standard Industrial Pumps

Standard Industrial Pumps

Pump handling pulp

Km) X DH 1.0 ) X 2.5 = 3.0

Standard Industrial Pumps

Product Training Pump handling pulp

To calculate change in efficiency

To calculate efficiency for stock

stock = ( 100 - ) / 100

stock = ( 100 - 7.2 ) / 100 x 72.5 = 67.28 = 67%

To calculate power required at pump shaft

Standard Industrial Pumps

Product Training Pump handling pulp

To check shaft material for maximum allowed torque

(TBD pg.9 Table 11)

Standard Industrial Pumps

Product Training Pump handling black liquor

viscosity = 500 cps = 500 / sp.gr. = 365 cSt

Standard Industrial Pumps

Product Training Pump handling black liquor

Standard Industrial Pumps

Standard Industrial Pumps

Stock quality coefficient

Suction size coefficient

Product Training Pump handling black liquor

= (32.6 x 60) / (367

Standard Industrial Pumps

Product Training Pump handling black liquor

Considering safety margin , motor selected is = 28.79 x 1.15 = 33.10 = 37 kW

Influence of supplementary air on the pump performance

Standard Industrial Pumps

Influence of supplementary air on operating point