ALQUSOUR ACADEMY

This slide shows 4 teeth along with their periodontium (which is the group of tissues surrounding and anchoring the tooth)

Root dentine

Hyaline layer of dentine 1/25

Acellular cementum located cervically

PDL

Alveolar bone

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Cementoblast

Epithelial rest of malassez

Fibroblast

Osteoblast

Osteocyte lying in lacuna

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Cementum is the thinnest cervically Acellular cementum is located cervically

Cementocytes lying in lacunae

Cementum is the thickest apically Cellular cementum is located apically

Cellular cementum is located at furcation area

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Cementoclasts resorbing primary tooth root Cementocytes lying in lacunae

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Cellular cementum located apically

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Fibroblast

Cementoblast

Epithelial rest of malassez

Acellular cementum located cervically

Hyaline layer of dentine

Dentine

Permanent successor tooth located lingual to its predecessor within the same bony crypt

Deciduous tooth undergoing root formation

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Dentine

Mature enamel

Reduced enamel epithelium covering and protecting the tooth during eruption

Oral mucosa

Epithelial rests of malassez (epithelial root sheath after fragmentation) Epithelial diaphragm (It is the internal angle of the ERS and it is the only site where ERS can be viewed as a continuous sheath) Apical foramen Dental follicle Cementum

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Dentine Predentine

Dental Pulp

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External proliferation zone (cementoblasts cementum) (fibroblasts PDL) (osteoblasts alveolar bone)

Epithelial diaphragm sandwiched between two proliferation zones

Internal proliferation zone (odontoblasts dentine)

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Stratum basale (Mitotic layer) Stratum spinosum (Thickest layer)

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Stratum granulosum (Keratinocytes are flat and contain keratohyalin granules)) Stratum corneum (Ortho-keratin layer)

This slide shows a keratinized epithelium and its layers (upside down)

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Non-keratinocytes (clear cytoplasm without keratohyalin granules or Tonofilaments)

These non-keratinocytes are found within stratum basale and thats why they might be either Melanocytes or Markel cells but not Langerhans cells which are found in supra basal layers If this epithelium is non-keratinized then these non-keratinocytes are Melanocytes but not Markel cells which only exist in keratinized epithelium 8/25

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Rete ridges of stratum basale of the epithelium

Papillary projections of papillary layer of lamina propria

Non-keratinocytes (clear cytoplasm without keratohyalin granules or Tonofilaments) These non-keratinocytes are found in the supra basal layer and thats why they are probably Langerhans cells

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Stratum superficiale Stratum intermedium Stratum basale

This slide shows a non-keratinized epithelium and its layers

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Non-keratinocytes (clear cytoplasm without keratohyalin granules or Tonofilaments)

This non-keratinocyte is found in the supra basal layer and thats why it is probably Langerhans cell (antigen-presenting cell) 10/25

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This is a coronal section through the tongue which is covered with masticatory and specialized mucosa that contains numerous taste buds and papillae

This section was taken from the anterior two thirds of the tongue to view Fungiform papillae

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Taste buds located on the top (keratinized) surface of the papilla

Highly vascularized core

They are mushroom-shaped papillae They are interspersed between Filiform papillae in the anterior 2/3s of the dorsum of the tongue They are few in number, but they get more numerous near the tip of the tongue They aren't surrounded with trench-like feature or cleft as in other papillae

This section was taken from the anterior two thirds of the tongue to view Filiform papillae They are found in the anterior 2/3s of the dorsum of the tongue They are thread-like papillae that contain NO taste buds and the most numerous in number Their main function is to give the rough masticatory surface of the tongue

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This section was taken at the level between the posterior one third and anterior two thirds of the tongue to view circumvallate papillae

This slide shows the circumvallate papilla which is located in the most posterior region of the anterior 2/3rds of the tongue just anterior to sulcus terminalis Its top surface is keratinized while its lateral surfaces are non-keratinized and its core is highly vascularized It is surrounded by a trench-like feature where taste sensation takes place

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Taste buds located at the lateral (nonkeratinized) surface of the papilla

This slide show von Ebner minor salivary glands which are associated with circumvallate papillae and empty their water secretions at the flour of the trench They are made of ONLY serous Acini (which are dark in color) They are the only serous minor salivary glands

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Intrinsic muscles of the tongue

This section was taken at the level between the posterior one third and anterior two thirds of the tongue to view circumvallate papillae

The top (keratinized) surface of the papilla which doesn't project beyond the surface of the tongue and doesn't contain any papilla

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Trench-like feature Taste buds located at the lateral (nonkeratinized) surface of the papilla (Where taste sensation takes place)

Von Ebner serous minor salivary glands

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This is a longitudinal section of the tongue

Fungiform papillae with their taste buds on the top (keratinized) surface of the papilla

Filiform papillae

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Von Ebner serous minor salivary glands associated with Circumvallate papillae and found in the posterior region of the anterior 2/3rds of the dorsum of the tongue

Lingual mucous minor salivary glands found in the posterior 1/3rd of the tongue and related to lingual tonsils

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Lingual tonsils (lymphoid tissues "collection of lymphocytes" found in the base of the tongue in the posterior 1/3rd

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They are located at the side of the posterior 1/3 of the tongue They have one or two longitudinal clefts or grooves laterally The top surface of these papillae is keratinized but the lateral surface is non-keratinized Their tastes buds are found within the lateral non-keratinized surface (encircled structures)

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This slide shows the submandibular major salivary gland It is covered by a fibrous capsule and divided into a number of lobes which are farther divided into a number of lobules It is a mixed gland (serous and mucous secretions together) but serous secretions are much more dominant

Striated duct (drain from several intercalated ducts and lined with simple columnar epithelium)

Intercalated ducts (Drain from several Acini and lined with simple cuboidal epithelium)

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Serous acinus (demilune capping the mucus acinus) Mucous acinus Acinus lumen

The majority of Acini are serous Acini (dark in color) Intra-lobular ducts include: acinus lumen, intercalated ducts and striated ducts Inter-lobular ducts include: collecting duct 19/25

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As ducts get bigger and bigger, they get surrounded by thick connective tissue adventitia. Collecting ducts are interlobular ducts and they drain several striated ducts into the main excretory duct The duct in here is very big and surrounded with a thick connective tissue adventitia and that's why it is probably the main duct Beside the duct we have a big blood vessel with many extravasated erythrocytes (RBCs)

This slide shows the sublingual major salivary gland It is a mixed gland (serous and mucous secretions together) but mucous secretions are much more dominant

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Mucous acinus Serous acinus (demilune capping the mucus acinus) The majority of Acini are mucous Acini (pale in color) Intra-lobular ducts include: acinus lumen and intercalated ducts only (no striated ducts) Inter-lobular ducts include: collecting duct

This slide shows the parotid major salivary gland It is a serous gland ONLY

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All of the Acini are serous Acini (dark in color) Intra-lobular ducts include: acinus lumen and intercalated ducts only (no striated ducts) Inter-lobular ducts include: collecting duct This section is taken from an infant's parotid gland because of the huge amount of connective tissue (stroma) and fat cells present and the little amount of the secretory tissue (parenchyma)

Adipose tissue Intercalated duct Serous Acini

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Glenoid fossa

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Articular eminence Lateral pterygoid muscle (which is attached to the condylar neck and inter-articular disk and responsible for their forward sliding movement) This is a coronal section through the TMJ

Inter-articular disk

Condylar process

Parotid major salivary gland (totally serous)

Glenoid fossa

Inter-articular disk Upper & lower joint cavities

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Condylar process

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Articular surface (fibrocartilage "secondary cartilage")

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Resting zone Proliferation zone

Hypertrophy zone

Calcification zone

Ossification zone

Notice that chondrocytes don't occur in parallel rows, but they are scattered and they all go toward one side (one-sided growth) Notice that we have little amount of extracellular matrix and most of the volume is for the cells Bone is pink in color while cartilage is blue in color Endochondral ossification in the condylar process provides growth for the ramus of the mandible up to the age of 21

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Not active and thin fibrocartilage

This section sows an adult TMJ

Very active and thick fibrocartilage

This section shows a child TMJ

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