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-C7-
(normal stresses)
(tangential stresses)
shear reinforcements
longitudinal reinforcement
bent up bars
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1.1. First, the longitudinal reinforcement yields, then increase the cracks widths and the deflection, and finally the compressed concrete is crushed.
1.2. The concrete is crushed before the reinforcements yielding, and the failure is not announced by a pronounced increase of cracks widths or deflection.
- Failures modes 2. inclined sections the bending moment + shear force action
2.1. The transversal reinforcements (stirrups and bent-up bars) yield the widths of inclined cracks increase, visible deformations appear, and finally the compressed concrete at the crack end is crushed. 2.2. The compressed concrete at the crack end or in the beam core (T-beam) is crushed without the transversal reinforcements yielding.
steel yieldind
concrete crushing
Navier relation
Jurawski relation
Tz = V z
The variation of tangential stress on the section height for double reinforced sections
simply reinforced section double reinforced section
equivalent section
rectagular section
-the static moment of the tension reinforcement cancel the static moment of the compressed concrete section.
simply reinforced section double reinforced section
T section
linked variation
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variables
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(z is a fraction of h0)
dx
(+) if M and h0 increase in the same direction (-) if M and h0 increase in different directions
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1. Tooth-Comb model
Shear in concrete
The shear component due to the dowel (dorn) effect Vertical component of the granulosity effect
EC2 :
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continuous beams
beam effect
arch effect
If :
=>
=> and
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If :
=>
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Bent-up bars
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