Technical Palestine University- Khadoori Electrical Engineering Department Sensor Experiment No.

: 1 Name of experiment : Positional Resistor Transducers Student name : Ahmed Fawwaz Ali Jidoo Student No. : 20910747 Lab Partners : Ahmed Abu Awad . Mohamad faroone . Amer zeben .

Lab instructor : Taha Sulaiman .

Theory :
Variable Resistor Construction : A variable resistor consists of a track having a fixed overall resistance with a wiper which can be moved to make contact with any point along the track . In the carbon type , the total track resistance is varied by adjusting the proportional of non-conducting material to carbon in the compound during manufacture . this will produce a track of constant resistance along is length . so that any section . the track will be linear . Linear Variable Resistor Characteristics : A variable resistor can be used to provide a variable voltage . a steady voltage is applied across the ends of the fixed track . the wiper then picks off a variable voltage at the contact point with the track (potentiometer) . With a dual polarity voltage source , the polarity and magnitude of the output voltage will depend on the direction of movement of the wiper from its central position . Effect of loading : The variations of resistance as the wiper is moved will be quite complex and the voltage at the output will be non-linear .

Objectives :
Describe the basic construction of rotary and slider variable . State that the resistance section may be either a carbon track or wire wound . Describe the difference between a logarithmic and a linear track . Draw the basic characteristics of output voltage against variable control setting Describe the effect on the output voltage of loading the output circuit . Compare the application of a carbon track variable resistor to the wire wound type .

Equipment :
DIGIAC 1750 transducer and instrumentation trainer . 4mm Connecting Leads . Digital multimeter .

Practical :

2.3 _ Variation of output voltage with setting of rotary potentiometer .

Control setting Output voltage Table 2.1

1 0

2 0.225

3 1.92

4 3.52

5 5.2

6 6.57

7 7.96

8 9.43

9 11.23

10 11.83

O tp t v lta e u u o g 1 4 1 2 1 0 O tp t v lta e u u o g 8 6 4 2 0 1 0 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

Graph 2.1

Voltage across this section (V9-V2) = 11.23 0.225 = 11.005 v . Voltage per division (V9-V2)/ 9-2 = 1.5721 v .

2.4 _ Variation of output voltage with setting of sliding potentiometer :

Control setting Output voltage Table 2.2

1 -5

2 -2.87

3 -2.7

4 -1.56

5 -.96

6 .58

7 1.78

8 2.9

9 4.08

10 5

Output v oltage 6 4 2 Output v oltage 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 -2 -4 -6 0

Graph 2.2 Resistance R9 = Resistance R2 = 2.1 k ohm . R9 R2 = V9 V2 = 4.08 - -3.87 = 7.95 v . Voltage per Kohm =

2.6 _ Effect of loading on the potentiometer output voltage :

Control setting Output voltage Load resistance Table 2.3

10 5.8 94.3

9 5.8 92.3

8 5.75 76.5

7 5.71 64.1

6 5.65 53.3

5 5.55

4 5.38

5.08 2.756 1.336 3.01 0.993

41.6 29.54 16.9

100 90 80 5.8 5.8 5.75 5.71 5.65 5.55 5.38 5.08 2.756 1.336 Load resistance 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

Graph 2.3 Multimeter voltage reading with the moving coil meter connected = 0.034129 v. Loading resistance of the moving coil meter = 4.45 K ohm . OUTPUT VOLTAGE : Digital = 5.8 Analog = 5.9

Control dial setting Output voltage Table 2.4

150 4.59

120 3.61

90 2.73

60 1.81

30 0.92

0 0.031

-30 -0.84

-60 -1.702

-90 -2.54

-120 -3.4

-150 -4.29

C n l d l se g o tro ia ttin 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 0 -1 -2 -3 -4 -5

C n l d l se g o tro ia ttin 20 0 10 0

-1 0 0

-2 0 0

Graph 2.4