COMSATS Institute of Information Technology

Park Road, Islamabad Department of Electrical Engineering

Work Bench # Course Title: Course code: Semester: Course Instructor: Analog Communication Systems EE 352 5th Mr. Fahad Sharif

Lab 13: FM Modulation and Demodulation in MATLAB

Marks(10,10) ( , ) Students Name: _________________ Reg. No ____________________

_________________ Date

____________________ Signed By

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Briefing
Objectives
1. Understanding FM modulation. 2. Observing Time domain plot of FM modulated wave. 3. Observing Frequency Spectra of FM Modulated Wave with different Modulation Index. 4. Verification of Carsons Theorem. 5. Verification of Bessel Functions for FM spectra. 6. Observing Time domain plots and Frequency Spectra of Recovered Signal.

Discussion of Fundamentals
Frequency modulation (FM) is a process in which the carrier frequency is varied by the amplitude of the modulating signal (i.e., intelligence signal). The FM signal can be expressed by the following equation:

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1 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2

Amp

0 -0.2 -0.4 -0.6 -0.8 -1

0.5

1.5

2.5 time (s)

3.5

4.5 x 10

5
-3

Figure 1: FM Modulated Wave; specs in Fig 2

0.3

fc = 1e4; fm = 1e3 B=2

0.25

X: 9000 Y: 0.2884

X: 1.1e+004 Y: 0.2883

0.2

X: 8000 Y: 0.1764

X: 1.2e+004 Y: 0.1764

0.15

X: 1e+004 Y: 0.1119 X: 7000 Y: 0.06438 X: 6000 Y: 0.01696 X: 1.3e+004 Y: 0.06455 X: 1.4e+004 Y: 0.01703

0.1

0.05

-2

-1.5

-1

-0.5

0.5

1.5

2 x 10
4

Figure 2: Spectrum of waveform in Fig. 1

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Modulation Index
Modulation index relates to the amount of change in carrier frequency with respect to the message signal frequency. Mathematically, Modulation Index is given as: = modulation index = Am(f /fm) where f is the maximum drift from carrier frequency, and fm is the highest frequency component of the message signal.

Spectrum of FM modulated signals

Spectrum of FM modulated signal is shown in Fig. 2. Note that on each side of the spectrum, there will be peak at the carrier frequency, accompanied by number of sidebands as determined by Bessel function (see table 1) on both sides of carrier peak. The spacing between each sideband will be equal to the message frequency.
Table 1: Carrier and sideband amplitudes illustrated for various modulation indices

Sideband Modulation index Carrier 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16

0.00

1.00

0.25

0.98

0.12

0.5

0.94

0.24

0.03

1.0

0.77

0.44

0.11

0.02

1.5

0.51

0.56

0.23

0.06

0.01

2.0

0.22

0.58

0.35

0.13

0.03

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2.41

0.52

0.43

0.20

0.06

0.02

2.5

0.05

0.50

0.45

0.22

0.07

0.02

0.01

3.0

0.26

0.34

0.49

0.31

0.13

0.04

0.01

4.0

0.40 0.07

0.36

0.43

0.28

0.13

0.05

0.02

5.0

0.18 0.33

0.05

0.36

0.39

0.26

0.13

0.05 0.02

5.53

0 0.34 0.13

0.25

0.40

0.32

0.19

0.09 0.03 0.01

6.0

0.15 0.28 0.24

0.11

0.36

0.36

0.25

0.13 0.06 0.02

7.0

0.30

0.00 0.30 0.17

0.16

0.35

0.34

0.23 0.13 0.06 0.02

8.0

0.17

0.23 0.11 0.29 0.10

0.19

0.34

0.32 0.22 0.13 0.06 0.03

8.65

0.27

0.06 0.24 0.23

0.03

0.26

0.34 0.28 0.18 0.10 0.05 0.02

9.0

0.09

0.25

0.14 0.18 0.27 0.06

0.20

0.33 0.31 0.21 0.12 0.06 0.03 0.01

10.0

0.25

0.04

0.25

0.06 0.22 0.23 0.01

0.22 0.32 0.29 0.21 0.12 0.06 0.03 0.01

12.0

0.05 0.22 0.08

0.20

0.18 0.07 0.24 0.17 0.05 0.23 0.30 0.27 0.20 0.12 0.07 0.03 0.01

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Carsons Rule
Carsons rule says that approximately 98% of the power of FM modulated signal lies in bandwidth BT where BT is given by: BT = 2B(+1) Where B is bandwidth of modulating signal and is the modulation index.

Tasks
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Generate a message signal sinusoid with fm = 1 kHz and Am = 1V. Assume a carrier signal with fc = 10kHz and Ac = 1V. Plot Time domain waveform of Message Signal and Carrier using subplot. Set Modulation Index to 1 and calculate the frequency deviation accordingly. Modulate this message signal with the carrier generated above. Plot both time domain waveform of modulated signal and message signal on single plot using hold command. and frequency spectrum. Use different colors and linetypes for each trace. 7. Plot well labeled and clear frequency spectrum of the modulated wave. Use axis command and data cursor where necessary. 8. Verify the carrier and sideband peaks given in Table 1 from the frequency spectrum of the modulated signal. 9. Verify the carsons rule by calculating theoretical bandwidth and bandwidth from the spectrum. 10. Demodulate the signal using FM demodulator. 11. Plot the time-domain waveform of recovered and original signals on same plot with different linetypes and colors. 12. Plot the frequency spectrum of the recovered signal to investigate any changes occurred. 13. Repeat steps 4-12 for modulation indeces = 2, 3, and 4.

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