About Group 18 elements Group 18 - Noble gases - all are gases which are naturally occurring Noble gases

es are monoatomic

Physical properties Noble gases small atomic sizes Colourless gases at room temperature Atomic size increase going down the group, the force attraction between atoms of each element becomes stronger melting and boiling point increase to overcome the force attraction The density increase as the relatif atomic mass and size increases

Change of Physical Properties Atomic size Increase when go down the group The number of shell is increase Density All noble gas have low density. Because the position of atom are far among of them When go down the group, the density are increase Melting Point & Boiling Point Have lowest melting and boiling point. Because the atom of noble gas had attract by the weak of Van der Waals Force and a few energy used to overcome it. When go down the group: ~atomic size increase ~Van der Waals Force increase

Some other physical properties of noble gases Insoluble in water Cannot conduct electricity Poor conductors of heat All noble gases are inert and chemically unreactive. It is unreactive because no reaction occur when the atoms collides example:

It is inert because of the electron arrangement Helium has two electron valence called duplet Others have eight electron valence called octet These electron arrangements are very stable because the outermost shells are full this is why noble gas exist as monoatomic gases and unreactive.

Uses of inert gases Helium : Neon : Argon : Used in electric light bulbs and fluorescent tubes To supply inert atmosphere for welding process Found in atmosphere (one part in 55,000). Used in neon signs. Fluorescent lighting as it emits an orangered glow when an electric discharge passes through it at low pressure. Neon is used in advertising lights and television tubes. Found in atmosphere (one part in 200,000). Used in airship and balloons. Its is eight times less dense than air. Not inflammable

Krypton: Xenon : Radon : For treatment of cancer Use for electron tubes and stroboscopic lamps Bubble chambers in atomic energy reactors Radon is used in the treatment of cancer. Used in some laser and photographic flash lamps. Used in fluorescent tubes Used in the stroboscopic lights which flank airport runways. Krypton gas is used in lasers to repair the retina of the eye.