AP BIOLOGY BODY'S DEFENSES ACTIVITY #5

NAME_____________________ DATE____________HOUR____

LYMPHATIC SYSTEM
OBJECTIVES: List the general functions of the lymphatic system. Identify the major components of the lymphatic system and give their functions. Describe the importance of lymphocytes and identify where they are located in
the body.

LYMPHATIC SYSTEM FUNCTIONS

LYMPH CIRCULATION

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LYMPHATIC SYSTEM COMPONENTS

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LYMPHATIC SYSTEM COMPONENTS

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LYMPHOCYTES

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NONSPECIFIC DEFENSES
OBJECTIVE: List the bodys nonspecific defenses and explain how each functions. NONSPECIFIC DEFENSES

PHYSICAL BARRIERS

PHAGOCYTES

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IMMUNOLOGICAL SURVEILLANCE

INTERFERONS

COMPLEMENT SYSTEM

INFLAMMATORY RESPONSE

FEVER

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SPECIFIC DEFENSES
OBJECTIVES: Identify the forms and properties of immunity. Describe what happens during cell-mediated immunity. Describe what happens during antibody-mediated immunity. PROPERTIES OF IMMUNITY

CELL-MEDIATED IMMUNITY

ANTIBODY-MEDIATED IMMUNITY

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CELL-MEDIATED IMMUNITY

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ANTIBODY-MEDIATED IMMUNITY

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Chapter 43 Immune System ANTIBODY STRUCTURE

QUESTIONS:
1. Match the description/definition/function with the correct term. A. B. C. D. E. F. G. H. I. J. Antibodies Antigens B cells Immune response Lymph Lymph nodes Lymphatic system Lymphatic vessels Lymphocytes Lymphoid nodules K. L. M. N. O. P. Q. R. S. T. Lymphopoiesis NK cells Pathogen Plasma cells Right lymphatic duct Spleen T cells Thoracic duct Thymus Tonsils

______ Microorganisms responsible for many human diseases ______ Organ system that defends the body against infection and disease ______ Dominant cells in the lymphatic system; participates in the immune response ______ A specific defense against a specific or particular pathogen, toxin, or foreign compound ______ Carry lymph from peripheral tissues to venous system; lymphatics ______ Fluid that flows through lymphatic vessels; resembles plasma but with a lower concentration of suspended proteins ______ Collects lymph from lower abdomen, pelvis, lower limbs and the left side of the head, neck and chest ______ Collects lymph from the right side of the body above the diaphragm ______ Lymphocytes that provide cellular or cell-mediated immunity ______ Lymphocytes that provide antibody-mediated or humoral immunity ______ Cells that produce antibodies ______ Globular proteins that react with specific chemical targets; immunoglobulins ______ Substance that triggers the production of antibodies; pathogens, parts or products of pathogens, or other foreign compounds ______ Lymphocytes that attach foreign cells, normal cells infected with viruses, and cancer cells; responsible for immunological surveillance ______ Process of lymphocyte production ______ Masses of lymphoid tissue that are not surrounded by a fibrous capsule

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______ The large lymphoid nodules found in the wall of the pharynx; guard the entrance to the digestive and respiratory tracts ______ Small, oval lymphoid organs covered with a fibrous capsule; filter and purify lymph before it reaches the venous system ______ Site of T cell maturation; located behind the sternum; reaches greatest maximum size during puberty and then decreases in size ______ Contains the largest collection of lymphatic tissue in the body; located between the stomach, left kidney, and diaphragm; removes abnormal blood cells and components 2. Match the structure with the correct letter from the diagram. ______ Appendix ______ Bone marrow ______ Lymph nodes ______ Lymphatic vessels ______ Right lymphatic duct ______ Spleen ______ Thoracic duct ______ Thymus gland ______ Tonsils

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QUESTIONS:
3. Match the description/definition/function with the correct term. A. B. C. D. E. F. Chemotaxis Complement Cytokines Diapedesis Fever Immunological surveillance G. H. I. J. K. L. M. Inflammation Interferons Lysozymes Macrophages Microphages Phagocytes Pyrogens

______ Enzymes present in some exocrine secretions that have antibiotic properties ______ Cells that engulf and destroy pathogens and foreign materials ______ Neutrophils & eosinophils ______ Large, actively phagocytic cells derived from monocytes ______ Movement of white blood cells through the walls of capillaries by squeezing between adjacent epithelial cells ______ Movement of cells toward or away from a chemical stimulus ______ Constant monitoring of normal tissues by NK cells ______ Small proteins released by activated lymphocytes, macrophages, & cells infected with viruses; cause cells to produce proteins that interfere with viral reproduction ______ Chemical messengers released by tissue cells to coordinate local activities; hormones of the immune system; released to alter activities of cells and tissues throughout body ______ Plasma proteins that interact in a chain reaction following exposure to activated antibodies or to surfaces of certain pathogens; promote cell lysis, phagocytosis and other defense mechanisms ______ Localized tissue response to injury; characterized by swelling, redness, warmth, pain, and some loss of function ______ Maintenance of body temperature above 99 oF ______ Circulating proteins that can reset the thermostat in the hypothalamus and cause a rise in body temperature

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QUESTIONS:
1. T cells are responsible for ___________________________ immunity. B cells are responsible for ___________________________ immunity. 2. What is the difference between acquired and innate immunity? Acquired Immunity Innate Immunity

3.

What is the difference between active and passive immunity? Active Immunity Passive Immunity

4.

Match the function with the correct cell. A. B. C. Cytotoxic T cells Helper T cells Memory B cells D. E. F. Memory T cells Plasma cells Suppressor T cells

______ Responsible for cell-mediated immunity; track down & attack bacteria, fungi, protozoa and foreign tissues that contain targeted antigen ______ Remain in reserve; differentiate into cytotoxic T cells with second exposure to antigen ______ Depress the action of other T cells and B cells by secreting suppression factors; put on the brakes and limit the degree of the immune system action from a single exposure to an antigen ______ Release cytokines that coordinate specific and nonspecific defenses and stimulate cell-mediated and antibody-mediated immunity ______ Derived from B cells; produce antibodies ______ Remain in reserve; differentiate to form plasma cells with second exposure to antigen

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5.

List the 3 ways cytotoxic T cells destroy pathogens, foreign cells and abnormal cells? _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________

6.

Helper T cells produce cytokines when they bind to targeted inactive B cells. What are the four functions of these cytokines? _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________

7.

Why do B and T cells ignore normal (self) antigens and attack foreign (nonself) antigens? _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________

8.

Antibodies bind to and destroy specific antigens. List the 5 possible ways this occurs. _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________

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9.

Identify the class of antibodies described in each of the following. ______ Largest class of antibodies; responsible for defense against many viruses, bacteria, and bacterial toxins ______ Anti-A, Anti-B and Anti-D antibodies; responsible for cross-reactions between incompatible blood types ______ Found in tears, mucus and saliva; attack pathogens before they enter body tissues ______ Accelerate inflammation on exposure to antigen; bound to surface of mast cells and basophils ______ Play role in B cell activation by binding antigen to B cell

10.

Listed below are characteristics of the primary and secondary responses to a specific antigen. Determine if the statement is true of the primary response (1) or the secondary response (2.) ______ Initial response to antigen ______ Does not appear immediately ______ Gradual, sustained rise in concentration of circulating antibodies ______ Antibody activity peaks several weeks after exposure to antigen ______ Appropriate B cell must be activated and, once activated, must divide and differentiate into plasma cells ______ Activates memory B cells ______ Very rapid increase in antibody activity and concentration ______ Memory B cells divide and differentiate into plasma cells ______ Produces a much faster and stronger response ______ Can be substituted with immunization

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11.

Match the description with the correct term. A. B. Allergens Allergies C. D. Autoimmune disorders Immunodeficiency disease

______ Immune system fails to develop normally or the immune response is blocked ______ Develop when the immune response mistakenly targets normal body cells & tissues ______ Inappropriate or excessive immune responses to antigens ______ Antigens that trigger allergic reactions ______ AIDS/HIV ______ Psoriasis, rheumatoid arthritis, myasthenia gravis, multiple sclerosis, narcolepsy, Type 1 diabetes, Graves disease, Addisons disease, pernicious anemia, lupus 12. What happens to the effectiveness of the immune response with advancing age? _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________

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