Vous êtes sur la page 1sur 25

Course Semester

: BScIT :I

Subject Code
Subject Name Unit number Unit Title

: MT0031
: Basics of IT :1 : Basics of IT

C o n f i d e NEXT HOME n t i a l

Unit-1 Basics of IT

Overview of Operating system

Lecture outline
Introduction Objectives What Is Information Technology?

Data Processing System


Information Types of Information Computing Models Wide Area Network or WAN

Client / Server
Internet Summary

C o n f i d NEXT PREVIOUS e n t i a l

Unit-1 Basics of IT

Introduction
Information and communication are without doubt two key words that represent global activity. The communication of the right information at the right time in a convenient form can cause new directions in Business, Research and Industrial decisions.

Con ident l PREVIOUS f HOME i a NEXT

Unit-1 Basics of IT

Objectives

At the end of this unit you should be able to:


Describe the term Information Technology Explain the features of Information Society Define Information and knowledge Explain type of information and scope

Con ident l PREVIOUS f HOME i a NEXT

Unit-1 Basics of IT

What Is Information Technology?


- Information is a vital resource in development activities of any society. - All our economic and social progress depends very significantly in the transfer of commercial, scientific and technical information.

- People in different situations require information on a subject in


different forms and with different emphasis. - Information is obtained through processing of data. - Storage, retrieval and processing of data become the essential resource for all economic and social exchanges.

Con ident l PREVIOUS f HOME i a NEXT

Unit-1 Basics of IT

Data Processing System

Data : Data is raw fact and figure which helps to process to produce the Information. Example : for raw figure : 100, +50, -250, etc. For raw fact : Name, City Name, Age, Roll No etc. Information = Instruction + Data.
Instruction Example : 100 + 200 = 300 Raw Data Information

Con ident l PREVIOUS f HOME i a NEXT

Unit-1 Basics of IT

Information
Information is defined as processed data. E.g. marks of 50 students is data and highest or lowest marks is information. Information: Second important element in any managerial information system is the information system is the information.

Information can be defined as data that has been processed into a form
that is meaningful to the recipient and is of real or perceived value in current or prospective decisions.

Information refers to an input of data processing which is organized and


meaningful to the person who receives it.

Con ident l PREVIOUS f HOME i a NEXT

Unit-1 Basics of IT

Environmental Information comprises the following


Government Policies Information about concessions, benefits

government policies in respect of tax concessions or for any other aspect, which may be useful to an organization in the future period. Factors of Production: Information related with source, cost, location, availability, accessibility and productivity of the major factors of production viz Capital, Labour, Material etc. Technological Environment: Forecast of any technological changes in the industry and the probable effect of it on the firm. Economic trends: It includes information relating to economic indicators like consumers disposable income, employment, productivity, capital investment etc.
Con ident l PREVIOUS f HOME i a NEXT

Unit-1 Basics of IT

Competitive Information

Industry demand: Demand forecast of the industry in respect of the

product manufactured and in the area in which the firm used to be


operating. Firm Demand Assessment of the firms product demand in the specified

market.

It also includes an assessment of firms capability to meet

firms demand. The competitive data: Data of compelling firm for forecasting and

making decision and plans to achieve the forecast.

Con ident l PREVIOUS f HOME i a NEXT

Unit-1 Basics of IT

Internal Information:
Sales forecast The financial plan/budget

Supply factors, and


Policies, which are vital for subsidiary planning at all levels in the organization.

Con ident l PREVIOUS f HOME i a NEXT

Unit-1 Basics of IT

Characteristics of Information

Accuracy:

Form Information:
Relevance: Timeliness: Completeness: Purpose: Reliability: Validity:

Con ident l PREVIOUS f HOME i a NEXT

Unit-1 Basics of IT

Properties and Scope of Information


Information is not consumed in use. This is an extremely important property of information.

It can be shared by many and can be used simultaneously without any loss to anyone.
Information Economics Cost of Information Hardware Cost: System Analysis. Design and implementation cost: Cost for Space and Environmental Control Factors: Operation Costs: Value of Information Information System
Con ident l PREVIOUS f HOME i a NEXT

Unit-1 Basics of IT

Types of Information Systems

They are classified as Office automation systems (GAS), Transaction

Processing Systems (TPS) etc.


Office Automation System

Transaction Processing System

Con ident l PREVIOUS f HOME i a NEXT

Unit-1 Basics of IT

Types of Information Computing Models


Currently the information system is organized as a Network (Local Area Network or Wide Area Network) using File/Server technology. In order to support large data access, the Client/Server technology is used. Local Area Network or LAN is a communication facility that covers a limited

geographical area (such as within the same building) and interconnects in an


effective manner with different types of computers. Wide Area Network or WAN is a wide area communications facility that covers

a wider geographical area- ranging from a few kilometers to around the globe
and supported by transport media such as terrestrial microwave link, satellite, modems, network control centers etc.

Con ident l PREVIOUS f HOME i a NEXT

Unit-1 Basics of IT

Types of Information Computing Models

Currently the information system is organized as a Network (Local Area

Network or Wide Area Network) using File/Server technology.


In order to support large data access, the Client/Server technology is used.

Local Area Network or LAN is a communication facility that covers a


limited geographical area (such as within the same building) and interconnects in an effective manner with different types of computers.

Con ident l PREVIOUS f HOME i a NEXT

Unit-1 Basics of IT

Types of Information Computing Models


File / Server - sharing data in a LAN (Local Area Network), the user stores files on a file server. A file server is a central node that stores data files where all users can access them.

Con ident l PREVIOUS f HOME i a NEXT

Unit-1 Basics of IT

Client / Server
The Client/Server system delivers the benefits of the network-computing model along with the stored data access.

Any local area network could be considered as client/server system, since the workstations (clients) request services such as data, program files, or printing from server.
A client/server (CIS) has three distinct components, each focusing on a specific job: a database server, a client application and a network. Database servers mainly concentrate on the following tasks: Managing a single database of information among many concurrent users. Controlling Protecting database database of access and with other backup security and requirements. features.

information

recovery

Centrally enforcing global data integrity rules across all client applications.

Con ident l PREVIOUS f HOME i a NEXT

Unit-1 Basics of IT

Client / Server

Con ident l PREVIOUS f HOME i a NEXT

Unit-1 Basics of IT

Client / Server

The client applications in a Client/Server database system focus on

the following job:


Presenting an interface a user can interact with to complete the job.

Managing presentation logic such as pop up lists on a data entry form.


Performing application logic, such as calculating fields in or data entry form.

Validating data entry.


Requesting and receiving information from a database server.

Con ident l PREVIOUS f HOME i a NEXT

Unit-1 Basics of IT

Internet
The Internet is "a network of networks". It is a global collection of high-powered computers that are connected to each other with network cables, telephone lines, microwave dishes, satellites etc. Each computer on the Internet stores documents, sound files, video clips, program files, electronic shopping centers, animations, pictures, interactive contents and other things that can be stored and presented electronically.

A Network of Networks In a corporate wide Area Network, each department has a Local Area Network that allows sharing of files, database, printer and other peripheral devices.
For safe transfer of data the rules namely TCP/IP are implemented in the Network software -Transfer Control Protocol (TCP) and Internet Protocol (IP). TCP is responsible for breaking up large batch of data into little data packets. IP is responsible for packing the destination address information in these packets. An Internet address in the Internet has the following format, office @ mahe. ernet. in
Con ident l PREVIOUS f HOME i a NEXT

Unit-1 Basics of IT

Basic terminologies of the "Net" language:

Cyberspace : The computer world.

Web site: The electronic storefront.


Web Browser: The software to glide through the network. e.g. Netscape, Internet Explorer etc. HomePage : The introductory screen (Index page of any Website). HTML: Hyper Text Manipulation Language. A Language for the home page. Protocol: Set of rules framed for transmission on the net. eg. TCP/IP, SLIP, PPP. HTTP : Hypertext transfer Protocol. This is how the WWW (World Wide Web) pages are transferred over the net.

Con ident l PREVIOUS f HOME i a NEXT

Unit-1 Basics of IT

What the Internet can do for us:

E-MAIL: The most popular service on the net is the E-Mail. One can use it for anything where paper and telephone would otherwise have been used.

World Wide Web: allows the user to jump from one location on the Internet to another. Using a popular software interface such as Internet Explorer or Netscape, a user could access any document on the net and have access to graphics, text, sound and video.
Browser: Using a "Browser" (e.g. Netscape, Internet Explorer etc.) one can access a hyperlinked database of text, pictures, sound and even animation. File Transfer Protocol (FTP): Files related to lawyer's case studies, budget matters, cricket statistic, etc., just about anything any database you would want to access or any non confidential file that is stored in the net can be retrieved.

Veronica: If you want information on Jeans, you could use the Very Easy Rodent Oriented Netwide Index to Computer Archives or simply VERONICA.

Con ident l PREVIOUS f HOME i a NEXT

Unit-1 Basics of IT

What the Internet can do for us:

Internet Service Providers/Access: VSNL (Videsh Sanchar Nigam Limited) is one of the main service providers. One can have a choice of two kinds of accesses. The "Shell" account or TCP/IP /SLIP / PPP account. Dial- up connection or leased line connection. Dial-Up: A dial-up connection simply means that when you want to access the internet, your modem dials a host computer and you are connect to the Internet; When you are done, just hang up the modem to free the phone line. Leased-Line: Also called dedicated connection. As the name says it is like running a physical cable from receiver to the sender. For this you need a terminal server, router and other equipment. ISDN (Integrated Services Digital Network): This bridges the gap between the personal dial-up connection and the dedicated connection by allowing fast access over inexpensive phone lines.

Con ident l PREVIOUS f HOME i a NEXT

Unit-1 Basics of IT

What the Internet can do for us:

SLIP (Serial Line Interrupt Protocol) / PPP (Point to Point Protocol):

Dial-up internet protocol links such as serial line internet protocol (SLIP) and
Point to point protocol to make your computer a direct part of the Internet while you are on-line.

Communication on Internet:
One of the reasons why Internet has become so popular is that its benefits can be harnessed commercially. E.g.

A leading manufacturer of cars can put his entire stock on the Internet which
enables the user to choose the model, color, tyres etc.

Con ident l PREVIOUS f HOME i a NEXT

Unit-1 Basics of IT

Summary
Information is a vital resource in development activities of any society. Information refers to an input of data processing which is organized and meaningful to the person who receives it. Environmental Information - Government Policies, Factors of Production, Technological Environment & Economic trends Competitive Information - Industry demand, Firm Demand Assessment & competitive data Characteristics of Information Accuracy, Form Information, Relevance, Timeliness, Completeness, Purpose, Reliability & Validity Local Area Network or LAN is a communication facility that covers a limited geographical area (such as within the same building) and interconnects in an effective manner with different types of computers. Wide Area Network or WAN is a wide area communications facility that covers a wider geographical area- ranging from a few kilometers to around the globe and supported by transport media such as terrestrial microwave link, satellite, modems, network control centers etc. The Client/Server system delivers the benefits of the network-computing model along with the stored data access. The Internet is "a network of networks". It is a global collection of high-powered computers that are connected to each other with network cables, telephone lines, microwave dishes, satellites etc.
Confid ntial PREVIOUS eHOME

Vous aimerez peut-être aussi