Australian Jobs

2011
AUSTRALIAN JOBS
Contents
National, state and territory labour markets

Labour market overview National overview New South Wales Victoria Queensland South Australia Western Australia Tasmania Northern Territory Australian Capital Territory 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 12
HOW CAN I USE AUSTRALIAN JOBS 2011?

Australian Jobs 2011 presents information for people exploring careers or education and training options, as well as those currently looking for work or wanting assistance to enter or re-enter the labour market. The publication includes information about employment trends by region, occupation and industry, together with projected employment growth and job prospects. The 2011 edition focuses on the variations in labour markets across regions of Australia. Regional labour markets vary markedly in terms of their industry composition, age and educational proles. It is useful to know which are the key industries in your region and to understand the prole of the workforce, as this information gives you an insight into where the jobs are, how strong replacement demand will be, whether new jobs are being created and whether jobs are likely to require high levels of skill or qualication. Although the requirements for specic skills vary across regions and industries, overall, the demand for skilled workers is growing strongly as the Australian economy continues to strengthen. It is also true that no matter in which region or industry you work, employers place very strong value on employability skills, that is, those non-technical skills required to work effectively (information is on page 30). When you are competing with many people for positions, it can be difcult to make yourself stand out from the crowd. Australian Jobs provides an insight into the value of post-school education and training, as well as providing information about employability skills, to help you get the job you want, develop your career and support you to make informed choices. The publication also highlights Government services available to assist you if you are looking for a job or want support for training or need help after you have found a job (pages 32 to 34). While education and training is vital, one of the most difcult challenges, that even the most highly educated person can face, is breaking into the labour market with little or no workplace experience. Its important to keep in mind that an entry level job can provide you with the workplace skills and experience that will be the vital rst stepping stone to success in the labour market. Although information contained in Australian Jobs 2011 is as up-to-date as we can make it, the labour market can change quickly and the skills needed by employers vary across industries and geographic locations. Consequently, employment and training decisions need to be based on a range of information including expectations about pay, working conditions, skills and interests as well as training requirements and long term goals. Consider information from a wide range of sources. Useful sites include www.deewr.gov.au education, training, employment and workplace information www.jobguide.deewr.gov.au careers options and job requirements www.joboutlook.gov.au occupational information www.jobsearch.gov.au current employment vacancies
Industries
Industry overview Australias changing industry structure Accommodation and Food Services Administrative and Support Services Agriculture, Forestry and Fishing Arts and Recreation Services Construction Education and Training Electricity, Gas, Water and Waste Services Financial and Insurance Services Health Care and Social Assistance Information Media and Telecommunications Manufacturing Mining Other Services Professional, Scientic and Technical Services Public Administration and Safety Rental, Hiring and Real Estate Services Retail Trade Transport, Postal and Warehousing Wholesale Trade 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23
Occupations and skills

Occupational overview Occupational clusters and skill level Industry and occupational projections Who is in-training? Education and employment Employability skills Skills for sustainability Employment, education and training services Regional assistance 24 25 26 27 28 30 31 32 33
Job Prospects Matrix

Guide to the Job Prospects Matrix Job Prospects Matrix Australian Jobs 2011 data sources 35 36 43
Inquiries about Australian Jobs should be directed to AustralianJobs@deewr.gov.au
www.myfuture.edu.au get the facts and personalise your careers exploration.
The content of Australian Jobs 2011 is based on information available at the time of publication. Over time, the reliability of the data and analysis may diminish. The Commonwealth, its ofcers, employees and agents do not accept responsibility for any inaccuracies contained in the report or for any negligence in the compilation of the report and disclaim liability for any loss suffered for any person arising from the use of this report. Labour market information must be used cautiously as employment prospects can change over time and vary by region. It is important in making and assessing career choices to consider all factors, including interests and aptitudes, remuneration and expectations, and the requirements of occupations.
AUSTRALIAN JOBS 2011
Ministers foreword
Australia has a strong labour market, and our continued low unemployment conrms the underlying strength of the Australian economy. It is clear, though, that the natural disasters over early 2011 have taken a signicant toll on the people and the economy in Queensland, and we now have an unprecedented rebuilding task. Many more skilled workers will be needed, not only to meet the challenges of this task, but also to meet employer needs nationally as the economy continues to grow. The Australian Government is continuing to invest in skills, training and education. This focus is important to ensure that employers have the skilled labour they need and to enable all Australians, no matter where they live, to share in the enormous benets and opportunities provided by a strong economy. Developing a highly skilled and educated workforce is at the very heart of the Gillard Governments plan to build an economy that will meet the challenges of the future. To meet the strong skills demand, the Gillard Government has made record investments in education and training. Our landmark reforms have opened the doors of Australian universities to a new generation of students. In 2011 there are an extra 50 000 undergraduate students enrolled at Australian universities compared with 2009. There are also now a record 448 800 apprentices and trainees in-training across the nation. At every age and at every stage in life, Australians must have access to education and training to gain the skills they need to take the high-paid, high-skilled jobs on offer in our economy. The Australian Jobs 2011 publication supports this aim by providing a wealth of information about the labour market and about Australian Government services which can assist you if you need help to develop your skills or nd employment. It highlights the industries in which employment is expected to grow most strongly over the next ve years and provides an insight into regional labour markets and the opportunities they provide. I recommend this valuable resource to anyone interested in education, training and work.
Chris Evans
LABOUR MARKET OVERVIEW

The changing labour market
Over the last 20 years, the nature of the Australian labour market has changed considerably. Todays workforce is different from the one that existed several decades ago. Over this period, we have seen the ageing of the population a considerable increase in the participation of women in the workforce
Unemployment Rate (%) 10.0
Unemployment Rate and Annual Employment Growth, March 1991 to March 2011 (%)
Unemployment Rate (%) 12.0 Annual Employment Growth (%) 6.0 5.0 4.0 3.0 2.0 6.0 1.0 0.0 4.0 -1.0 -2.0 -3.0 0.0 Mar-91 Mar-92 Mar-93 Mar-94 Mar-95 Mar-96 Mar-97 Mar-98 Mar-99 Mar-00 Mar-01 Mar-02 Mar-03 Mar-04 Mar-05 Mar-06 Mar-07 Mar-08 Mar-09 Mar-10 Mar-11 -4.0 Annual Employment Growth (%)
a much greater focus on skilled jobs and slower growth in lower skilled jobs a greater number of young people choosing to participate in education technological change, greater labour market exibility and economic reforms which have helped to transform peoples working arrangements. Following the end of the early 1990s recession up until the onset of the global recession in September 2008, the demand for workers in Australia was high. Indeed, over the 15 years to September 2008, employment growth was exceptionally strong, increasing by around 3.2 million (or an annual average rate of 2.3%). Full-time employment rose by 1.9 million over the period (an annual average rate of 1.9%), while part-time employment increased by almost 1.3 million (or an annual average rate of 3.6%), although the rise in part-time employment was clearly off a much lower base.
8.0
2.0
Source: ABS Labour Force Survey, trend data
Interesting facts about regional labour markets

There are more than 4.1 million jobs in regional Australia. Five industries employ more than 300 000 workers in regional Australia. These industries are Retail Trade (463 400 workers), Health Care and Social Assistance (461 500), Construction (395 800), Manufacturing (347 400) and Agriculture, Forestry and Fishing (331 500). Those job seekers who are mobile, or who are prepared to up-skill or retrain, particularly in occupations where there are shortages, will have a great advantage in the labour market. The Government offers a broad range of assistance to help job seekers to train (see pages 32 to 34). There are also incentives available for eligible job seekers who are considering relocating for work or an apprenticeship (see page 33). Keeping in touch with local labour market conditions and what skills are in demand is also important. If you are considering moving to nd work, or just want to research your local labour market, you can explore facts and gures about your region through the Labour Market Information Portal (www.deewr.gov.au/lmip). Other resources such as www.deewr.gov.au/skillshortages will let you know what skilled occupations are currently in shortage. Information on outcomes for university and vocational education and training graduates can also be a valuable resource for informing your career choices (see pages 28 and 29). Jobs Services Australia providers are located in more than 2100 towns, cities and rural sites across Australia. Job Services Australia provides opportunities for training, skills development, work experience and tailored assistance. See page 32 for more information.
The global recession and the labour market

Following the onset of the global recession the Australian labour market slowed signicantly. Employment increased by just 0.4% between September 2008 and September 2009, compared with an annual average growth rate of 2.8% over the ve years to September 2008. The unemployment rate increased, from 4.3% in September 2008 to a peak of 5.8% in September 2009. Unemployment rose signicantly over the year to September 2009 (up by 182 900 or 37.6%). However, this would have been much larger had employers not chosen, at least in the rst instance, to reduce employee hours in an attempt to avoid redundancies. Reecting this, over the year to September 2009, the level of part-time employment increased by 182 400 (or 5.9%) while full-time employment declined by 136 400 (or 1.7%). A number of other factors also helped restrict the rise in unemployment in Australia during the global recession, including signicant investments in public infrastructure and resilient demand for our mining exports.
Recovery from the global recession

Labour market conditions have strengthened considerably since the height of the global recession and have been particularly robust over the past year. Employment increased solidly, by 309 500 (or 2.8%) between March 2010 and March 2011, with more than 90% of total employment growth accounted for by full-time employment. The unemployment rate fell from 5.3% to 4.9%. The participation rate (the proportion of adults in Australia who are either employed or are looking for work) increased by 0.5 percentage points over the year to stand at a near record high of 65.8% in March 2011.
NATIONAL OVERVIEW
Australias labour market
Key labour market statistics Employment (number) Employment change (past 5 years) % Working part-time % Female % Aged 45 years or older % Employment outside state capital cities % Education Without post-school qualications % With VET qualications (Cert III or higher) % With a Bachelor degree or higher % 39 30 26 11 390 100 13.1 30 45 38 37 the employment growth rate was strongest in the Northern Territory, the small size of its labour force means there was a relatively small number of new jobs, 23 700 (or 2% of new jobs nationally) . Australia has an ageing workforce, with almost two out of every ve workers (38%) aged 45 years or older, up from 33% a decade ago. Over the same period, the proportion of employed persons aged under 25 has fallen slightly from 18% to 17%.
Capital cities and regional areas

There are sound opportunities for employment in regional Australia. In November 2010, there were more than 4.1 million people employed in regional Australia, more than one in three workers (37%). The labour market varies markedly across regions with a number of areas experiencing strong employment growth and low unemployment rates. Even in those regions where unemployment is relatively high, some employers experience difculty recruiting, particularly in skilled occupations. This is largely due to a mismatch between the pool of skills and those needed by local employers. For example, many people looking for work may have limited qualications, but employers need highly skilled people. Workers in regional areas are less likely to have studied after they have left school indicating there are real advantages for workers in these areas to gain post-school qualications to meet the skill needs of local employers. It is also interesting to note, that employment growth in New South Wales has been stronger in regional areas over the past ve years than it has been in Sydney highlighting the demand for workers in these locations. The table below shows that, generally speaking, the workforce tends to be older in regional areas than in metropolitan areas. This suggests there will be strong demand for workers in these areas to replace those who retire over the next decade.
Australias population is around 22.3 million and almost 11.4 million Australians are employed. The workforce is highly concentrated, with more than three in every four workers employed in the three most populous states. New South Wales is the largest employing state with around 3.6 million workers, followed by Victoria, almost 2.9 million, and Queensland, 2.3 million. The smallest state, Tasmania, employs 237 400 workers, although the Australian Capital Territory and the Northern Territory have smaller workforces. Despite the impact of the global recession, particularly from late 2008 to late 2009, every state and territory recorded an increase in employment over the ve years to November 2010. The strongest growth was recorded in the Northern Territory, Western Australia and Queensland, which all recorded growth in excess of 15% (compared with 13.1% nationally), due in large part to high levels of activity in the resources sector. However, the largest numbers of new jobs created over the ve years were in the three largest states of Victoria (up by 362 400 or 14.5%), New South Wales (348 900 or 10.7%) and Queensland (309 900 or 15.3%). Although
Employment by state, city and region

Employt Nov 2010 000 3595.5 2299.1 1224.1 2856.8 2102.9 707.4 2330.6 1061.8 1240.9 815.6 600.1 209.4 1225.9 907.7 302.2 237.4 102.0 134.2 122.9 205.1 11 390.1 Employt change 1 year to Nov 2010 000 % 127.6 3.7 37.2 1.6 34.2 2.9 95.4 3.5 80.1 4.0 21.4 3.1 74.4 3.3 21.5 2.1 28.2 2.3 13.2 1.6 19.4 3.3 -6.0 -2.8 45.0 3.8 24.1 2.7 5.5 1.9 4.9 2.1 0.6 0.6 0.5 0.3 2.1 1.8 6.5 3.3 369.0 3.3 Employt change 5 years to Nov 2010 000 348.9 167.0 137.4 362.4 245.4 85.3 309.9 114.7 192.6 67.8 53.5 13.0 166.0 138.2 35.9 14.4 -6.2 23.5 23.7 20.3 1316.8 % 10.7 7.8 12.6 14.5 13.2 13.7 15.3 12.1 18.4 9.1 9.8 6.6 15.7 18.0 13.5 6.5 -5.7 21.2 23.9 11.0 13.1 Aged younger than 25 years % 16 16 16 17 17 16 18 19 18 17 18 15 18 19 15 17 17 16 17 18 17 % of employed Aged 45 persons (aged years or 15-64) without older post-school qualications1 % 38 36 36 36 43 43 38 38 36 39 44 46 38 42 35 43 40 49 41 42 40 44 45 52 38 42 38 42 41 50 43 44 41 43 44 49 36 42 36 33 38 39
New South Wales Sydney Regional NSW Victoria Melbourne Regional VIC Queensland Brisbane Regional QLD South Australia Adelaide Regional SA Western Australia Perth Regional WA Tasmania Hobart Regional Tasmania Northern Territory Australian Capital Territory Australia
1
Data for the states and Australia are from the ABS Survey of Education and Work, 2010. Data for state capital cites and regional areas are from the 2006 Census (latest available data).
NEW SOUTH WALES

New South Wales is the largest employing state, with almost one in every three Australian workers (3.6 million). Employment is concentrated in Sydney which accounts for almost two-thirds of the states employment. The largest employing industries are Health Care and Social Assistance (404 900), Retail Trade (364 900) and Professional, Scientic and Technical Services (304 300), which collectively account for about 30% of the states employment. Employment grew by 348 900 or 10.7% over the ve years to November 2010, compared with national growth of 13.1%. Employment rose in 16 of the 19 industries, with the largest numbers of new jobs being in Health Care and Social Assistance (92 500), Professional, Scientic and Technical Services (54 800) and Education and Training (39 500). Over the past year, employment has increased by 3.7% compared with national growth of 3.3%. The New South Wales workforce is relatively highly skilled with 64% of workers holding a post-school qualication compared with 61% nationally. It also has a higher proportion of workers who hold a Bachelor degree or higher qualication than the national average (29% compared with 26%). More than 70% of New South Wales workers are employed full-time, and 45% of workers are female. The proportion of workers aged 45 years or older is the same as the national average (38%).
Regional New South Wales

In regional New South Wales, around 60% of those employed work in three of the nine regions, Newcastle; Northern, North Western and Central West; and Richmond-Tweed and Mid-North Coast. Over the year to November 2010, employment grew more strongly in regional New South Wales than it did in Sydney (2.9% compared with 1.6%). The strongest growth was in Newcastle, up by 8.8% or 21 500, and Illawarra, up by 6.7% or 3900. On the other hand, employment in Far West NSW fell by 22.0%. The largest employing industries in regional New South Wales are Health Care and Social Assistance (150 000), Retail Trade (136 200) and Construction (104 800). Over the year to November 2010, the largest numbers of new jobs were in Education and Training (12 300), Agriculture, Forestry and Fishing (11 200) and Health Care and Social Assistance (11 100). The proportion of workers who do not hold post-school qualications is higher in regional areas than it is in Sydney (43% compared with 36%). Regional areas also have a lower proportion of people participating in the workforce (60% compared with 66% in Sydney).
Employment by Region, Nov 2010 (% of total)
Employment Growth, Year to Nov 2010 (%)
Population and Employment

Population 1 year June change 2009 to June 2009 (000)1 (%)1 Sydney Richmond-Tweed and Mid-North Coast Murray-Murrumbidgee Newcastle Hunter Wollongong Illawarra South Eastern Northern, North Western and Central West Far West New South Wales 4504.5 551.5 277.1 540.8 103.5 289.0 142.2 216.6 486.5 22.7 7134.4 1.9 1.4 1.1 1.4 1.3 1.2 1.6 1.6 1.2 -0.5 1.7 Nov 2010 (000) 2 2299.1 223.3 135.9 266.1 51.2 124.6 62.8 106.8 244.4 9.1 3595.5 % of total2 65.3 6.3 3.9 7.6 1.5 3.5 1.8 3.0 6.9 0.3 100.0 Employment 1 year Aged Aged 45 Bachelor change younger years degree or to Nov than 25 or older higher qual 2010 years (%) 2 (%) 3 2 2 (%) (%) 1.6 2.6 0.7 8.8 0.9 -0.1 6.7 -5.3 4.5 -22.0 3.7 16 13 17 19 17 19 20 13 16 11 16 36 47 47 38 49 36 46 47 43 57 38 29 15 14 17 11 19 16 17 14 12 294 Certicate III/IV No postor higher school qual VET qual (%) 3 (%) 3 26 31 29 33 34 33 34 30 29 27 294 36 43 47 41 45 38 40 43 46 51 36 4
Sources: 1ABS Regional Population Growth, Australia, 2009; 2ABS Labour Force Survey; 3ABS 2006 Census; 4ABS Survey of Education and Work, 2010 (data available at national and state levels only).
VICTORIA
Victoria is the second largest employing state, with one-quarter of the nations employment (almost 2.9 million). Employment is highly concentrated in Melbourne which accounts for three-quarters of the states workforce. The largest employing industries are Retail Trade (317 300), Health Care and Social Assistance (313 100) and Manufacturing (305 800), which together account for about one in every three workers. State employment grew by 362 400 or 14.5% over the ve years to November 2010, stronger than the national growth rate of 13.1%. Employment rose in 17 of the 19 industries, with the largest numbers of new jobs created in Health Care and Social Assistance (55 800), Construction (51 000) and Education and Training (45 900). The largest fall in employment was in Manufacturing (down by 18 700 or 5.8%). Over the past year, employment in Victoria increased by 3.5% compared with national growth of 3.3%. The Victorian workforce is relatively highly skilled with 30% of workers holding a Bachelor degree or higher qualication compared with 26% nationally. About 45% of workers are female, and 31% of workers are employed part-time compared with 30% for Australia. The proportion of the Victorian workforce aged 45 years or older is the same as the national average (38%).
Regional Victoria
The largest employing areas in regional Victoria are Barwon-Western District (195 100) and Goulburn-Ovens-Murray (143 300). Over the year to November 2010, growth was strongest in All Gippsland, up by 10.9% or 13 300, and Goulburn-Ovens-Murray, up by 5.9% or 8000. Central Highlands-Wimmera recorded the only fall in employment (down by 3.3%). The largest employing industries in regional Victoria are Health Care and Social Assistance (84 500), Retail Trade (80 900) and Manufacturing (80 300). A large number of jobs were created in regional Victoria over the year to November 2010, particularly in Construction (10 700) and Other Services ( 6100). Workers in regions outside Melbourne are less likely to hold post-school qualications than their city counterparts (54% hold post-school qualications compared with 61% in Melbourne). The proportion of workers who hold Certicate III/IV Vocational Education and Training qualications varies little across metropolitan and regional areas. There is a marked difference though between Melbourne and regional locations in the proportion of workers who hold a Bachelor degree or higher qualication (28% in Melbourne compared with 15% in regional Victoria). Regional Victoria also has a lower proportion of people participating in the workforce (63% compared with 67% in Melbourne).

Population 1 year June change 2009 to June 2009 (000)1 (%)1 Melbourne Barwon-Western District Central Highlands-Wimmera Loddon-Mallee Goulburn-Ovens-Murray All Gippsland Victoria
1
Nov 2010 (000) 2 2102.9 195.1 100.8 132.7 143.3 135.5 2856.8
3
Employment 1 year Aged Aged 45 Bachelor change younger years degree or % of to Nov than 25 or older higher qual total2 2010 years (%) 2 (%) 3 2 2 (%) (%) 74.8 6.9 3.6 4.7 5.1 4.8 100.0
4
Certicate III/IV or higher VET qual (%) 3 25 30 29 29 30 32 28 4
No postschool qual (%) 3 39 45 46 47 48 46 38 4
3995.5 391.4 206.5 278.4 310.0 261.5 5443.2

2
2.4 1.8 1.7 1.5 1.1 1.9 2.1
4.0 0.2 -3.3 2.5 5.9 10.9 3.5
17 15 19 17 17 16 17
36 42 38 46 47 48 38
28 17 17 16 14 14 30 4
Sources: ABS Regional Population Growth, Australia, 2009; ABS Labour Force Survey; ABS 2006 Census; ABS Survey of Education and Work, 2010 (data available at national and state levels only).
QUEENSLAND
Queensland is the third largest employing state, with one in every ve Australian workers (2.3 million). Employment is regionally dispersed with 54% of employment outside Brisbane. The gures presented on this page do not reect the effects of the natural disasters which occurred in early 2011 but clearly these have had, and will continue to have, a pronounced impact on the states labour market. The largest employing industries are Retail Trade (262 500), Health Care and Social Assistance (252 200) and Construction (236 100), which together account for almost one-third of employment in Queensland. Employment grew by 309 900 or 15.3% over the ve years to November 2010, compared with national growth of 13.1%. The largest numbers of new jobs were in Health Care and Social Assistance (64 300), Construction (35 000) and Professional, Scientic and Technical Services (29 400). The only fall was in Information Media and Telecommunications (down by 4400 or 12.3%). Over the past year, employment in Queensland rose by 3.3%, the same rate as the national average. Queensland has a slightly higher proportion of workers who do not hold post-school qualications than the national average (42% compared with 39%). It also has a lower proportion of workers who hold a Bachelor degree or higher qualication than the national average (21% compared with 26%), but a slightly higher proportion of workers who hold Certicate III/IV or higher Vocational Education and Training qualications (32% compared with 30%). About 46% of Queensland workers are female compared with 45% nationally and 29% of workers are employed part-time compared with 30% nationally. The workforce has the same proportion of workers aged 45 years or older as the national average (38%).
Regional Queensland
Over the year to November 2010, regional employment growth in Queensland was stronger than metropolitan growth (2.3% compared with 2.1% in Brisbane). The largest employing regions outside Brisbane are the Gold Coast, where slightly more than one in eight Queensland workers is employed (12.7%) and Mackay-Fitzroy-Central West which accounts for almost one in ten (9.1%). Over the year to November 2010, employment growth was strongest in West Moreton, up by 6.6% or 2400, Northern-North West Queensland, up by 5.9% or 8300, and the Sunshine Coast up by 5.0% or 7400. Consistent with the state as a whole, the largest employing industries in regional Queensland are Retail Trade (152 000), Health Care and Social Assistance (132 900) and Construction (132 300). The largest numbers of new jobs over the past year were created in Health Care and Social Assistance (11 600) and Public Administration and Safety (10 500). The proportion of workers who do not hold post-school qualications is higher in regional areas of Queensland than it is in Brisbane (49% compared with 43%). Regional areas also have a lower proportion of people participating in the workforce (66% compared with 69% in Brisbane).

Population 1 year June change 2009 to June (000)1 2009 (%)1 1962.4 2.6 323.4 3.0 80.2 4.3 293.5 3.1 398.4 2.4 264.7 1.9 261.3 2.2 269.7 2.6 571.4 3.2 4425.1 2.7 1 year change to Nov 2010 (%) 2 2.1 5.0 6.6 0.8 -0.3 -0.4 5.9 2.7 2.4 3.3 Employment Aged Aged 45 Bachelor younger years degree or than 25 or older higher qual years (%) 2 (%) 3 2 (%) 19 35 23 21 41 15 15 45 9 17 47 11 16 35 12 16 45 14 20 36 15 19 35 14 16 39 15 18 38 214 Certicate III/IV or No posthigher school qual VET qual (%) 3 (%) 3 26 43 32 44 27 56 29 51 29 51 26 52 28 50 30 47 30 46 324 424
Nov 2010 (000) 2 1061.8 154.4 38.2 123.8 208.8 138.2 149.3 135.1 293.1 2330.6
% of total2 46.1 6.7 1.7 5.4 9.1 6.0 6.5 5.9 12.7 100.0
Brisbane Sunshine Coast West Moreton Wide Bay-Burnett Mackay-Fitzroy-Central West Darling Downs-South West Northern-North West Far North Gold Coast Queensland
SOUTH AUSTRALIA
South Australia is the second smallest employing state, with 7% of the nations employment (815 600). Employment is highly concentrated in Adelaide which employs almost three in every four of the states workers. The largest employing industries in South Australia are Health Care and Social Assistance (106 100), Retail Trade (91 700) and Manufacturing (80 800). Combined, these industries employ one in every three workers in the state. Employment across the state rose by 67 800 or 9.1% over the ve years to November 2010, lower than the national rate of 13.1%. Employment rose in 15 of the 19 industries, with the largest numbers of new jobs being in Construction (19 300), Health Care and Social Assistance (17 500) and Professional, Scientic and Technical Services (8200). Over the past year, employment grew by 1.6% compared with national growth of 3.3%. South Australia has a slightly lower proportion of workers who hold post-school qualications than the national average (58% compared with 61%), and a lower proportion holding a Bachelor degree or higher qualication (23% compared with the national average of 26%). South Australias workforce has a relatively old age prole, with 41% of workers aged 45 years or older compared with 38% nationally. It also has a slightly higher proportion of its workers employed part-time than the national average (32% compared with 30%) and slightly more of its workers are female (46% compared with 45%).
Regional South Australia

Regional South Australia has two labour force regions and they differ markedly in terms of both geographic area and employment size. Southern and Eastern SA accounts for almost 17% of state employment and Northern and Western SA, which covers a much larger area, accounts for 9%. Over the year to November 2010, employment fell by 1.3% in Southern and Eastern SA and by 5.5% in Northern and Western SA. The largest employing industries in regional South Australia are Agriculture, Forestry, and Fishing (31 000), Manufacturing (25 300) and Health Care and Social Assistance (24 300). Over the past year, the largest numbers of new jobs were in Construction (3200) and Manufacturing (1500). A smaller proportion of workers in regional South Australia hold post-school qualications than their city counterparts (48% compared with 56%). The proportion of workers who hold Certicate III/IV Vocational Education and Training qualications varies little across metropolitan and regional areas. There is a marked difference though between Adelaide and regional locations in the proportion of workers who hold a Bachelor degree or higher qualication (21% in Adelaide compared with 11% in regional South Australia). The proportion of people participating in the workforce is slightly lower in regional areas than in Adelaide (62% compared with 64%).

Population June 2009 (000)1 Adelaide Southern and Eastern SA Northern and Western SA South Australia 1187.5 273.0 163.1 1623.6 1 year change to June 2009 (%)1 1.3 1.2 0.9 1.2 Nov 2010 (000) 2 600.1 136.9 72.5 815.6 % of total2 74.1 16.9 9.0 100.0 Employment 1 year Aged Aged 45 Bachelor change younger years or degree or to Nov than 25 older higher qual 2010 years (%) 2 (%) 3 2 2 (%) (%) 3.3 -1.3 -5.5 1.6 18 15 14 17 40 44 46 41 21 11 11 234 Certicate III/IV No postor higher school qual VET qual (%) 3 (%) 3 27 28 27 304 44 52 53 424
WESTERN AUSTRALIA
Western Australia is the fourth largest employing state, with around one in ten Australian workers (1.2 million). Employment is highly concentrated in Perth which accounts for three-quarters of the states employment. The largest employing industries in Western Australia are Construction (128 800), Retail Trade (120 700) and Health Care and Social Assistance (117 800). Together, these industries account for around 30% of state jobs. Employment grew by 15.7% (166 000) over the ve years to November 2010, outstripping the national growth rate of 13.1%. Employment rose in 15 of the 19 industries. The largest numbers of new jobs were created in Mining (34 700), Construction (30 700) and Professional, Scientic and Technical Services (21 300). Over the past year, employment has increased by 3.8% compared with national growth of 3.3%. Western Australia has a lower proportion of workers who hold a Bachelor degree or higher qualication than the national average (23% compared with 26%), although it has a higher proportion of workers who hold Certicate III/IV Vocational Education and Training qualications or higher (32% compared with 30%). Western Australia has a slightly higher proportion of its workers employed full-time than the national average (71% compared with 70%). About 38% of workers are aged 45 years or older, the same as the national average, and 43% of workers are female (compared with 45% nationally).
Regional Western Australia

In regional Western Australia, employment is spread fairly evenly across the two regions, Lower Western WA and Remainder-Balance WA. About 32 000 of Western Australias 82 400 Mining jobs are located in regional areas. In addition to local employment, the labour market in regional Western Australia is supplemented by workers employed in the Mining industry on a y-in y-out basis. Over the year to November 2010, most new jobs were created in RemainderBalance WA, up by 12 800 or 9.9%. This was due mainly to mining projects in the region which accounted for almost one-third of all new jobs. Employment in regional Western Australia is driven mainly by Construction (36 000), Agriculture, Forestry and Fishing (33 900) and Mining (31 800), with some construction activity taking place in the mining sector. The largest numbers of new jobs over the past year were in Mining (7500) and Other Services (5700). The proportion of workers who do not hold post-school qualications is higher in regional areas of Western Australia than it is in Perth (50% compared with 42%). The proportion of workers who hold Vocational Education and Training qualications varies little across metropolitan and regional areas. There is a marked difference though between Perth and regional locations in the proportion of workers who hold a Bachelor degree or higher qualication (22% in Perth compared with 12% in regional Western Australia). The regional areas also have a lower proportion of people participating in the workforce (67% compared with 69% in Perth).

Population 1 year June change 2009 to June 2009 (000)1 (%)1 Perth Lower Western WA Remainder - Balance WA Western Australia 1659.0 324.2 261.8 2245.1 3.2 3.5 1.9 3.0 1 year change to Nov 2010 (%) 2 2.7 -4.4 9.9 3.8 Employment Aged Aged 45 Bachelor younger years or degree or than 25 older higher qual years (%) 2 (%) 3 2 (%) 19 17 13 18 38 42 40 38 22 12 12 234 Certicate III/IV No postor higher school qual VET qual (%) 3 3 (%) 28 29 29 324 42 49 50 424
Nov 2010 (000) 2 907.7 160.0 142.2 1225.9
% of total2 75.0 13.2 11.8 100.0
10
TASMANIA
Tasmania is the smallest employing state with 2% of the nations employment (237 400). Tasmania has the most regionally diverse workforce in Australia with around 57% located outside Hobart. The largest employing industries in Tasmania are Health Care and Social Assistance (29 900), Retail Trade (27 600) and Education and Training (19 400), which together account for almost one-third of the states employment. Over the ve years to November 2010, Tasmania had relatively low employment growth, 14 400 or 6.5% compared with national growth of 13.1%. Twelve of the 19 industries increased their employment, with the largest numbers of new jobs created in Health Care and Social Assistance (4800), Construction (3500) and Professional, Scientic and Technical Services (2900). Over the past year, employment increased by 2.1% compared with national growth of 3.3%. Tasmania has a higher proportion of workers who do not hold post-school qualications than the national average (44% compared with 39%). A lower proportion of workers hold a Bachelor degree or higher qualication (20% compared with 26% nationally). Tasmania has a particularly old age prole, with 43% of workers aged 45 years or older, the highest of any state or territory. It also has a higher proportion of its workers employed part-time than the national average (35% compared with 30%) and more of its workers are female (47% compared with 45%).
Regional Tasmania
Regional employment in Tasmania is concentrated in the regions of MerseyLyell and Northern which account for half the states employment. Employment grew by 2.1% in Tasmania over the year to November 2010 (in trend terms). Growth was strongest in Mersey-Lyell (1.1% in annual average terms - trend data are unavailable for regions). This indicates that employment has grown more strongly in Tasmania over recent months. This is reected by the trend data which places greater emphasis on the most recent months. In regional Tasmania, the largest employing industries are Health Care and Social Assistance (16 200), Retail Trade (15 800) and Agriculture, Forestry and Fishing (14 300). The largest numbers of new jobs over the past year were created in Administrative and Support Services (1400) and Education and Training (1200). Workers in regions outside Hobart are less likely to hold post-school qualications than their city counterparts (51% hold post-school qualications compared with 57% in Hobart). The proportion of workers who hold Certicate III/IV Vocational Education and Training qualications varies little across metropolitan and regional areas. There is a marked difference though between Hobart and regional locations in the proportion of workers who hold a Bachelor degree or higher qualication (22% in Hobart compared with 13% in regional Tasmania). The proportion of people participating in the workforce is evenly spread across Tasmania with 61% participating in regional Tasmania and 62% in Hobart.

Population June 2009 (000)1 Hobart Southern Northern Mersey-Lyell Tasmania 212.0 37.5 141.4 112.4 503.3 1 year change to June 2009 (%)1 1.2 1.5 0.7 1.1 1.1 Nov 2010 (000) 2 102.0 16.3 68.4 49.6 237.4 % of total2 43.2 6.9 28.9 21.0 100.0 1 year change to Nov 2010 (%) 2 0.6 -1.8 0.3 1.1 2.1 Employment Aged younger than 25 years (%) 2 17 8 17 18 17 Aged 45 years or older (%) 2 41 56 43 42 43 Bachelor degree or higher qual (%) 3 22 12 15 11 204 Certicate III/IV No postor higher school qual VET qual (%) 3 (%) 3 27 28 28 30 304 43 50 48 50 44 4
11
NORTHERN TERRITORY
Population June 2009 (000)1 1 year change to June 2009 (%)1 Employment Nov 2010 (000) 2 1 year change to Nov 2010 (%) 2 Aged younger than 25 years (%) 2 Aged 45 years or older (%) 2 Bachelor degree or higher qualication (%) 3 Certicate III/IV or higher VET qualication (%) 3 No post-school qualication (%) 3 225.9 2.5 122.9 1.8 17 36 23 30 42
AUSTRALIAN CAPITAL TERRITORY

Population June 2009 (000)1 1 year change to June 2009 (%)1 Employment Nov 2010 (000) 2 1 year change to Nov 2010 (%) 2 Aged younger than 25 years (%) 2 Aged 45 years or older (%) 2 Bachelor degree or higher qualication (%) 3 Certicate III/IV or higher VET qualication (%) 3 No post-school qualication (%) 3 352.2 1.7 205.1 3.3 18 36 41 24 33
Sources: 1ABS Regional Population Growth, Australia, 2009; 2ABS Labour Force Survey; 3ABS Survey of Education and Work, 2010 (data available at national and state levels only).
The Northern Territory has Australias smallest labour market, accounting for just 1% of the nations employment (122 900). However, the proportion of people participating in the workforce is higher in the Northern Territory than any state and equal to the Australian Capital Territory. Close to three-quarters of people are in the labour force in the Northern Territory (73% compared with 66% nationally). Employment grew strongly over the ve years to November 2010, increasing by 23 700 or 23.9% compared with national growth of 13.1%. Growth has been more subdued over the past year, increasing by 1.8% compared with national growth of 3.3%. The largest employing industries in the Northern Territory are Public Administration and Safety (18 500), Health Care and Social Assistance (13 300) and Construction (11 900), which together account for slightly more than one-third of the territorys employment. Over the last ve years, employment gains were recorded in 17 of the 19 industries, with the largest numbers of new jobs being in Construction (3700), Health Care and Social Assistance (3500) and Public Administration and Safety (3000). The Northern Territory workforce has a relatively low skill prole. About 42% of workers do not hold post-school qualications compared with 39% nationally. A relatively low proportion of workers hold qualications at the Bachelor degree or higher level (23% compared with 26%). About 46% of workers are female and just 20% of territory workers are employed part-time (compared with 30% nationally). The workforce is relatively young, with 36% of workers aged 45 years or older compared with the national gure of 38%.
The Australian Capital Territory (ACT) accounts for slightly less than 2% of the nations employment (205 100). The largest employing industries are Public Administration and Safety (62 800), Professional Scientic and Technical Services (20 800) and Health Care and Social Assistance (17 700), which collectively account for almost half of total employment. Employment in the ACT grew by 20 300 or 11.0% over the ve years to November 2010, compared with national growth of 13.1%. Employment gains were largest in Public Administration and Safety (14 700), Professional, Scientic and Technical Services (3500) and Education and Training (2300). Employment rose in 12 of the 19 industries. Over the past year, employment increased by 3.3%, the same as the national average. The workforce is highly skilled with 67% of workers holding a post-school qualication compared with 61% nationally. A high proportion of workers hold a Bachelor degree or higher qualication (41% compared with the national average of 26%), but a relatively small proportion hold Certicate III/IV Vocational Education and Training qualications (24% compared with 30% nationally). This reects the concentration of the ACTs employment in industries which generally require university qualications and the relatively small proportion of its employment in Manufacturing and Construction. The proportion of people participating in the workforce is higher in the ACT than the national average (73% compared with 66%). A lower proportion of the workforce is employed part-time than the national average (26% compared with 30%) and a smaller proportion of workers are aged 45 years or older (36% compared with 38%). Females represent 49% of workers in the ACT compared with 45% nationally.
12
Industries
INDUSTRY OVERVIEW
In which industries do Australians work?
There are 19 broad industries in Australia. The largest are Health Care and Social Assistance and Retail Trade which employ 1.3 million and 1.2 million workers respectively. Construction and Manufacturing are also large employing industries, with around 1 million workers each. These four industries combined, employ two in every ve Australian workers. It is interesting that, although the Mining industry experienced the largest percentage rise in employment over the ve years to November 2010, it had only the eighth largest number of new jobs, reecting its small employment size. Employment in Manufacturing fell over the ve years to November 2010, but there are still nearly ve times more workers employed in this industry than there are in Mining. The decline in Manufacturing is part of a long-term trend reecting structural adjustment in the Australian economy. It is important to note, though, that both these industries create thousands of jobs in other industries such as Transport, Postal and Warehousing, Professional, Scientic and Technical Services and Construction. For information about which industries are expected to have the most new jobs in the future, see page 26.
Where are the new jobs?

Over the ve years to November 2010, more than 1.3 million jobs were created. The largest growth was in Health Care and Social Assistance (up by 275 200) Construction (179 400) Professional, Scientic and Technical Servi ces (136 100) Education and Training (120 800) Transport, Postal and Warehousing (84 000).
Which industries had declining employment?

Employment declined in two industries over the past ve years. Manufacturing (down by 33 800) Information Media and Telecommunications (23 700).
Which industries have the most jobs in regional locations?

Although Agriculture, Forestry and Fishing has the highest proportion of its employment in regional areas (89%), followed by Mining (58%), the following industries have the most jobs in regional areas. Retail Trade (463 400 employed in regional Australia) Health Care and Social Assistance (461 500) Construction (395 800).
Industry Employment
Employt Nov 2010 % of total workforce Employt change 5 years to Nov 2010 outside state capital cities % working part-time % female % aged 45 years or older % Projected growth to 2015-16
000
000
000 47 48 27 6 196 96 32 24 323 13 -30 69 48 150 41 21 76 77 24
Industry Accommodation and Food Services Administrative and Support Services Agriculture, Forestry and Fishing Arts and Recreation Services Construction Education and Training Electricity, Gas, Water and Waste Services Financial and Insurance Services Health Care and Social Assistance Information Media and Telecommunications Manufacturing Mining Other Services Professional, Scientic and Technical Services Public Administration and Safety Rental, Hiring and Real Estate Services Retail Trade Transport, Postal and Warehousing Wholesale Trade Total (all industries)1
Source: ABS Labour Force Survey 1. Trend data, totals do not add
754.3 411.9 373.6 189.1 1047.9 877.6 153.8 388.2 1298.7 215.3 992.5 201.0 466.5 847.5 693.2 213.1 1234.4 583.4 406.0 11 390.1
7 4 3 2 9 8 1 3 11 2 9 2 4 7 6 2 11 5 4 100
76.6 55.7 24.9 12.4 179.4 120.8 49.0 12.6 275.2 -23.7 -33.8 72.8 56.3 136.1 80.7 23.7 55.9 84.0 37.3 1316.8
11.3 15.6 7.1 7.0 20.7 16.0 46.7 3.3 26.9 -9.9 -3.3 56.8 13.7 19.1 13.2 12.5 4.7 16.8 10.1 13.1
39 34 89 32 39 37 44 19 37 22 35 58 38 23 43 34 38 33 29 37
57 41 27 43 14 37 7 18 44 20 15 3 29 22 16 27 49 20 16 30
55 51 32 46 12 70 21 52 79 44 26 16 41 43 47 50 57 22 32 45
22 39 58 31 34 50 42 29 47 31 41 37 36 36 45 38 27 47 41
6.2 11.7 7.3 3.2 18.7 10.9 21.1 6.2 24.9 6.0 -3.1 34.5 10.2 17.7 5.9 9.9 6.2 13.2 5.9 11.1
38 1260
For more information see www.skillsinfo.gov.au
13
Industries Australias changing industry structure

Over the last century, Australias industry structure has undergone fundamental changes, moving from an economy that was highly dependent on agricultural produce and manufactured goods, to todays economy where service-based industries are becoming increasingly important for employment. Two decades ago, Manufacturing was the largest employing industry in Australia. Today, it is the fourth largest and accounts for 9% of total employment. The decline of Manufacturing has been caused by many factors, including increased competition from overseas manufacturers, who often have signicantly lower production costs. People are also less likely to be employed in the agricultural sector than they were two decades ago. In 1990, 6% of the workforce was employed in this industry compared with 3% in 2010. This has been due to a combination of factors, including the effect of long droughts and labour saving technology. Nonetheless, the agricultural sector continues to employ thousands of Australians, particularly in regional areas, and to create jobs in other industries including Manufacturing and Transport, Postal and Warehousing. The importance of the services sector to the economy has expanded rapidly over recent years, offsetting the decline in Manufacturing. Today, more than three out of every four Australian workers are employed in a service industry. The broad grouping of the services sector can be considered to include all industries with the exception of Manufacturing, Construction, Agriculture, Forestry and Fishing, Mining and Electricity, Gas, Water and Waste Services, although, even within these industries, there are clearly service components. Much of the growth in the services sector has been driven by Health Care and Social Assistance. This industry has shown strong and consistent growth in the past decade and with Australias ageing population requiring more care, this industry will continue to grow. The Professional, Scientic and Technical Services industry has also displayed strong employment growth, assisted by higher levels of business investment in technology, as well as the outsourcing of industry services, particularly those associated with Architectural, Legal and Accounting services.
Accommodation and Food Services

Employment This industry All industries Employment (number) 754 300 11 390 100 Employment change (past 5 years) % 11.3 13.1 Working part-time % 57 30 Female % 55 45 Aged 45 years or older % 22 38 Employment outside state capital cities % 39 37 Education Without post-school qualications % 59 39 With VET qualications (Cert III or higher) % 24 30 With a Bachelor degree or higher % 12 26 Accommodation and Food Services employs 754 300 workers. Over the ve years to November 2010, employment rose by 76 600 (or 11.3%). Employment in Food and Beverage Services increased considerably (up by 84 200). Over the next ve years, employment in Accommodation and Food Services is expected to increase by 46 600 (or 6.2%), driven by growth in Food and Beverage Services. This industry has the highest proportion of young workers (aged younger than 25 years) of any industry (45%). The proportion of female workers is considerably higher than that for all industries, 55% compared with 45%, and part-time employment is common, suggesting that many workers in Accommodation and Food Services are students combining work with study. This industry provides good entry-level opportunities to the labour market. Almost three out of every ve workers (or 59%) do not hold post-school qualications, compared with 39% for all industries. Accommodation and Food Services has a strong presence in regional Australia, employing 291 600 workers. These workers make up slightly less than 40% of total employment in the industry. Accommodation and Food Services accounts for 7% of national employment, but in some regions this industry accounts for a higher proportion of the workforce. This is particularly the case in major tourism destinations such as Far North Queensland where it accounts for almost 12% of the regions employment.
Share of Total Employment, Selected Industries, 1990 and 2010 (%)

1990 2010 75 Services sector 70 9 Manufacturing 14 9 7 Agriculture, Forestry and Fishing 3 6 2 Mining 1 Electricity, Gas, Water and Waste Services 0 1 1 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
Accommodation and Food Services as a % of Total Employment in Each Region
Construction
Source: ABS Labour Force Survey
Source: ABS Labour Force Survey, November 2010
14
Industries Administrative and Support Services

Employment Employment (number) Employment change (past 5 years) % Working part-time % Female % Aged 45 years or older % Employment outside state capital cities % Education Without post-school qualications % With VET qualications (Cert III or higher) % With a Bachelor degree or higher % This industry All industries 411 900 11 390 100 15.6 13.1 41 30 51 45 39 38 34 37 49 27 17 39 30 26
Agriculture, Forestry and Fishing

Employment This industry All industries Employment (number) 373 600 11 390 100 Employment change (past 5 years) % 7.1 13.1 Working part-time % 27 30 Female % 32 45 Aged 45 years or older % 58 38 Employment outside state capital cities % 89 37 Education Without post-school qualications % 57 39 With VET qualications (Cert III or higher) % 25 30 With a Bachelor degree or higher % 10 26 Agriculture, Forestry and Fishing is a relatively small employing industry with 373 600 workers. Over the ve years to November 2010, employment rose by 24 900 (or 7.1%). Employment in Fruit and Tree Nut Growing declined by 14 500, but this was offset by an increase in Sheep, Beef and Grain Growing (up by 8500), Other Crop Farming (4500) and Dairy Cattle Farming (4400). Over the next ve years, Agriculture, Forestry and Fishing employment is expected to grow by 27 400 (or 7.3%). The industry has a relatively old age prole (many in the industry continue working beyond the usual retirement age). Females make up a relatively low proportion of industry employment (32% compared with 45% for all industries). More than half the workers in the Agriculture, Forestry and Fishing industry do not hold post-school qualications, suggesting on-the-job training and experience contribute signicantly to skill development. Agriculture, Forestry and Fishing provides a signicant number of regional job opportunities, employing more than 331 500 workers in regional Australia. The vast majority of jobs in the industry are outside the state capital cities (89%). Agriculture, Forestry and Fishing accounts for a small proportion of Australias employment (3%), but in many regional areas, it is a major employer. For example, in Far West New South Wales, more than one in every three workers is directly employed in this industry (35%), while in West Moreton in Queensland, 22% of workers are employed in this industry. This industry also creates jobs in industries like Transport, Storage and Warehousing and Manufacturing.
Administrative and Support Services employs about 411 900 workers. Over the ve years to November 2010, employment grew strongly, up by 55 700 (or 15.6%). The strongest growth was recorded in the Building Cleaning, Pest Control and Other Support Services sector (up by 26.3%). Administrative and Support Services employment is expected to increase by 48 400 (or 11.7%) over the next ve years. Around 39% of workers in this industry are aged 45 years or older, (compared with 38% for all industries) and the proportion of female employment is higher than that for all industries (51% compared with 45%). Part-time employment is common in this industry (41% of workers are employed part-time compared with 30% for all industries). This industrys workforce has a relatively low skill prole, almost half its workers do not hold post-school qualications. Accordingly, the industry offers good entry-level opportunities to the labour market. Around 132 900 workers in regional Australia are employed in Administrative and Support Services. This represents 34% of employment in the industry, well below the average of 37% for all industries. This indicates that workers in this industry are more likely to be based in a capital city, compared with other industries. The Administrative and Support Services industry accounts for around 4% of national employment. While some regions rely slightly more on this industry for employment than others, there is relatively limited variation across Australia.
Administrative and Support Services as a % of Total Employment in Each Region
Agriculture, Forestry and Fishing as a % of Total Employment in Each Region
15
Industries Arts and Recreation Services

Employment This industry All industries Employment (number) 189 100 11 390 100 Employment change (past 5 years) % 7.0 13.1 Working part-time % 43 30 Female % 46 45 Aged 45 years or older % 31 38 Employment outside state capital cities % 32 37 Education Without post-school qualications % 41 39 With VET qualications (Cert III or higher) % 26 30 With a Bachelor degree or higher % 28 26 The Arts and Recreation Services industry employs 189 100 workers (or 1.7% of total employment in Australia). There is little variation in employment share across Australia, with most regions having less than 3% of their workforce employed in this industry. Arts and Recreation Services covers a diverse range of activities including the operation of museums, parks and gardens, creative and performing arts, and professional and recreational sports. Over the ve years to November 2010, employment rose by 12 400 (or 7.0%). The strongest employment growth was recorded in Heritage Activities (up by 5900) and Gambling Activities (4500). Over the next ve years, employment in Arts and Recreation Services is expected to increase by 6000 (or 3.2%). This industrys workforce is relatively young with less than one-third of workers aged 45 years or older (compared with 38% in all industries). Many workers are employed part-time (43% work compared with 30% for all industries). The educational attainment prole for this industry is similar to that for all industries. Most employment in the Arts and Recreation Services is based in the capital cities. Around one-third of workers (32% or 61 100 workers) in the Arts and Recreation Services industry are employed in regional Australia.
Construction
Employment This industry All industries Employment (number) 1 047 900 11 390 100 Employment change (past 5 years) % 20.7 13.1 Working part-time % 14 30 Female % 12 45 Aged 45 years or older % 34 38 Employment outside state capital cities % 39 37 Education Without post-school qualications % 39 39 With VET qualications (Cert III or higher) % 48 30 With a Bachelor degree or higher % 8 26 Construction is the third largest employing industry in Australia, with more than one million workers. Over the ve years to November 2010, employment grew relatively strongly, by 20.7% (or 179 400). This growth was mainly driven by the Construction Services (up by 130 200) and the Heavy and Civil Engineering Construction sectors (19 100). Construction employment is expected to grow by 195 800 (or 18.7%) over the next ve years, with the strongest growth expected in Building Installation and Completion Services. The majority of workers in the industry are male (88%) and most workers are employed full-time (86% compared with 70%). The educational prole for Construction shows the prominence of trades employment, with almost half of its workers (48%) holding either a Certicate III/VI, Diploma or Advanced Diploma. The Construction industry employs almost 400 000 workers in regional Australia, which accounts for 39% of total employment in the industry. This industry accounts for 9% of national employment and generates many jobs in regional Australia. For example, in Lower Western WA, around 14% of the workforce is employed in the Construction industry, the highest of any region.
Arts and Recreation Services as a % of Total Employment in Each Region
Construction as a % of Total Employment in Each Region
16
Industries Education and Training

Employment This industry All industries Employment (number) 877 600 11 390 100 Employment change (past 5 years) % 16.0 13.1 Working part-time % 37 30 Female % 70 45 Aged 45 years or older % 50 38 Employment outside state capital cities % 37 37 Education Without post-school qualications % 16 39 With VET qualications (Cert III or higher) % 19 30 With a Bachelor degree or higher % 63 26 Education and Training is the fth largest employing industry in Australia, with 877 600 workers. Over the ve years to November 2010, employment grew relatively strongly, by 16.0% (or 120 800). This growth was mainly driven by the Adult, Community and Other Education sector (up by 51 100 or 72.9%). Over the next ve years, Education and Training employment is expected to increase by 95 700 (or 10.9%), with more than half the new jobs expected to be generated by the Preschool and School Education sector. The industry has a relatively older workforce with one in every two workers aged 45 years or older compared with 38% in all industries. Seven in ten workers are female. There are good opportunities for part-time work with 37% of workers being employed on a part-time basis compared with 30% across all industries. This is a highly skilled industry, with 84% of workers holding a post-school qualication. More than three in every ve workers (63%) hold a Bachelor degree or higher qualication, almost two and a half times higher than the national average (26%). In regional Australia, the Education and Training industry employs around 319 000 workers, which is 37% of employment in the industry. Reecting the core need for education and training services in every region, the employment share does not vary considerably across regions, varying from a low of 4% in the Hunter region (excluding Newcastle) to a high of around 10% in areas such as Wollongong.
Electricity, Gas, Water and Waste Services

Employment This industry All industries Employment (number) 153 800 11 390 100 Employment change (past 5 years) % 46.7 13.1 Working part-time % 7 30 Female % 21 45 Aged 45 years or older % 42 38 Employment outside state capital cities % 44 37 Education Without post-school qualications % 30 39 With VET qualications (Cert III or higher) % 39 30 With a Bachelor degree or higher % 27 26 The Electricity, Gas, Water and Waste Services industry accounts for just 1% of national employment. While some regions have a slightly higher share of their employment in this industry, such as the Gippsland region in Victoria (4.6%), there are limited differences in employment share from region to region, with most regions having less than 1.5% of their workers in this industry. Despite being the smallest employing industry (with just 153 800 workers), Electricity, Gas, Water and Waste Services experienced relatively strong employment growth over the ve years to November 2010, up by 46.7% (or 49 000). The largest numbers of new jobs were recorded in Electricity Supply (up by 19 100) and Water Supply, Sewerage and Drainage Services (15 500). Over the next ve years, employment in Electricity, Gas, Water and Waste Services is expected to increase by 32 400 (or 21.1%). This industry is male dominated and the majority of employment is full-time (93%). The industry also has a slightly higher proportion of older workers compared with all industries (42% are aged 45 years or older compared with 38%). The industry is relatively highly skilled with just 30% of workers not holding post-school qualications. Vocational Education and Training (VET) qualications are particularly important, with more than one in three workers holding either a Certicate III/IV, Diploma or Advanced Diploma. This industry provides good job opportunities in regional areas. Around 44% of workers in this industry (or 63 200 workers) are located in regional Australia, above the average for all industries (37%).
Education and Training as a % of Total Employment in Each Region
Electricity, Gas, Water and Waste Services as a % of Total Employment in Each Region
17
Industries Financial and Insurance Services

Employment This industry All industries Employment (number) 388 200 11 390 100 Employment change (past 5 years) % 3.3 13.1 Working part-time % 18 30 Female % 52 45 Aged 45 years or older % 29 38 Employment outside state capital cities % 19 37 Education Without post-school qualications % 32 39 With VET qualications (Cert III or higher) % 23 30 With a Bachelor degree or higher % 41 26 The Financial and Insurance Services industry is a relatively small employing industry, with 388 200 workers. Over the ve years to November 2010, employment rose by 12 600 (or 3.3%). This growth was concentrated in the Insurance and Superannuation Funds and Finance sectors. Employment is expected to increase by 24 000 (or 6.2%) over the next ve years, with all major subdivisions expected to expand. Relatively few people in the industry work part-time (18%) compared with all industries (30%). More than half of the workforce is female (52%) which is higher than the all industries average (45%). The industry also has a signicantly younger age prole compared with all industries (29% of workers are aged 45 years or older compared with 38%). The higher education sector plays an important role in the provision of skills for this industry, with around two in every ve workers holding a Bachelor degree or higher qualication. The majority of large nance and insurance companies operate from capital cities resulting in employment in this industry being highly concentrated in metropolitan areas. Around 19% of workers (or 76 200 people) are employed in regional Australia, the lowest proportion of any industry. The Financial and Insurance Services industry employs around 3% of Australias workforce. Not surprisingly, Sydney has the highest concentration of employment in this industry of any region, with 6% of its employment being in Financial and Insurance Services, followed by Melbourne (5%).
Health Care and Social Assistance

Employment This industry All industries Employment (number) 1 298 700 11 390 100 Employment change (past 5 years) % 26.9 13.1 Working part-time % 44 30 Female % 79 45 Aged 45 years or older % 47 38 Employment outside state capital cities % 37 37 Education Without post-school qualications % 23 39 With VET qualications (Cert III or higher) % 34 30 With a Bachelor degree or higher % 39 26 The Health Care and Social Assistance industry has experienced relatively strong growth over the past decade and is now Australias largest employing industry with almost 1.3 million workers. Over the ve years to November 2010, employment rose by 275 200 (or 26.9%). This growth was relatively evenly spread across the industry, with the largest number of new jobs recorded in the Social Assistance Services (up by 98 200) and Medical and Other Health Care Services (97 300) sectors. Over the next ve years, employment in the Health Care and Social Assistance industry is expected to increase by 323 300 (or 24.9%), with strong growth expected across all the major subdivisions. The workforce is female dominated (79%) and a relatively high proportion of workers are employed on a part-time basis (44% compared with 30%). The industry also has a relatively old age prole (47% of workers are aged 45 years or older compared with 38% for all industries). The Health Care and Social Assistance industry is highly skilled, with many of the large employing occupations requiring tertiary qualications. Almost two in every ve workers hold a Bachelor degree or higher qualication. This industry employs around 461 500 people in regional Australia, more than one-third (37%) of its workforce, the same as all industries. There are good opportunities for health care professionals in regional locations, with shortages particularly apparent in these areas. The industry employs 11.4% of Australias workforce. Some regions, though, have a higher proportion of their workforce employed in this industry. For example, Barwon-Western District in Victoria has 15% of its jobs in this industry.
Financial and Insurance Services as a % of Total Employment in Each Region
Health Care and Social Assistance as a % of Total Employment in Each Region
18
Industries Information Media and Telecommunications

Employment This industry All industries Employment (number) 215 300 11 390 100 Employment change (past 5 years) % 9.9 13.1 Working part-time % 20 30 Female % 44 45 Aged 45 years or older % 31 38 Employment outside state capital cities % 22 37 Education Without post-school qualications % 34 39 With VET qualications (Cert III or higher) % 26 30 With a Bachelor degree or higher % 37 26 Information Media and Telecommunications is a diverse industry including newspaper, radio and Internet publishing and broadcasting and telecommunication services. It is a small employing industry, with 215 300 workers. Over the ve years to November 2010, employment fell by 23 700 (or 9.9%). Over the next ve years, employment is expected to increase by 13 000 (or 6.0%), largely driven by growth in the Telecommunications Services sector. The majority of workers are employed full-time (80%) and 44% of workers are female, much the same as the all industries average (45%). Information Media and Telecommunications has a highly skilled workforce, with about two-thirds of workers holding post-school qualications, compared with around 60% for all industries. Workers are less likely to hold Vocational Education and Training (VET) qualications (26% compared with 30%), but are considerably more likely to have a Bachelor degree or higher (37% compared with 26%) than the all industries average. Employment in the Information Media and Telecommunications industry is concentrated in the state capital cities. That said, this industry employs 47 800 workers in regional Australia, around 22% of its employment. People are most likely to be employed in this industry in Sydney (where 3% of total employment is in this industry) and Melbourne (also 3%) than in other regions.
Manufacturing
Employment This industry All industries Employment (number) 992 500 11 390 100 Employment change (past 5 years) % 3.3 13.1 Working part-time % 15 30 Female % 26 45 Aged 45 years or older % 41 38 Employment outside state capital cities % 35 37 Education Without post-school qualications % 46 39 With VET qualications (Cert III or higher) % 36 30 With a Bachelor degree or higher % 14 26 A decade ago, Manufacturing was Australias largest employing industry; now it is the fourth largest. However, the industry still employs almost one million workers. Over the ve years to November 2010, employment fell by 33 800 (or 3.3%). This decline occurred across subdivisions, including Transport Equipment Manufacturing (down by 18 900), Wood Product Manufacturing (18 200) and Fabricated Metal Product Manufacturing (15 100), but other subdivisions, such as Food Product Manufacturing recorded large employment gains (up by 32 000). Manufacturing is the only industry expected to reduce its employment over the next ve years, down by 30 400 (or 3.1%). The workforce is dominated by males (74%) and most employment is full-time (85%). A relatively high proportion of workers in the industry do not hold post-school qualications (46% compared with 39%). However, the largest occupations are the engineering trades and, as a result, Vocational Education and Training (VET) is a vital source of skills to the industry (36% of workers have a Certicate III or higher VET qualication compared with 30% for all industries). There are around 347 400 Manufacturing jobs in regional Australia. The Manufacturing industry accounts for around 9% of total employment in Australia, but in some regional areas the industry has a much higher proportion of the local workforce. For example, in Goulburn-Ovens-Murray in Victoria, Manufacturing is the largest employing industry, with around 20 800 workers, accounting for almost 15% of the regions employment.
Information Media and Telecommunications as a % of Total Employment in Each Region
Manufacturing as a % of Total Employment in Each Region
19
Industries Mining
Employment This industry All industries Employment (number) 201 000 11 390 100 Employment change (past 5 years) % 56.8 13.1 Working part-time % 3 30 Female % 16 45 Aged 45 years or older % 37 38 Employment outside state capital cities % 58 37 Education Without post-school qualications % 33 39 With VET qualications (Cert III or higher) % 39 30 With a Bachelor degree or higher % 24 26 In employment terms, Mining is a relatively small industry with slightly more than 200 000 workers. The industry recorded the strongest employment growth of all industries over the ve years to November 2010, up by 56.8% (or 72 800). Employment gains occurred across all subdivisions with the largest being in Metal Ore Mining (up by 28 500) and Coal Mining (17 500). Over the next ve years, employment is expected to increase by 34.5% (or 69 200 jobs), the strongest growth of any industry. The largest contributor to new jobs is forecast to be the Metal Ore Mining (30 900) sector. The majority of workers in Mining are males (84%) and most workers are employed full-time (97%). Just one-third of workers do not hold post-school qualications (compared with 39% for all industries), making this a relatively highly skilled workforce. Almost two in every ve workers in Mining hold Certicate III or higher Vocational Education and Training qualications. Mining is an important driver of economic activity and it has a very high presence in some regional areas. Well over half of Mining workers (or 110 100 people) are employed in regional Australia. Mining directly accounts for just 2% of total employment in Australia, but some regions are highly dependent on the industry for employment. For example, in the resource rich area of Remainder-Balance WA (which incorporates the vast majority of regional WA), around 14% of the workforce is employed in Mining, the highest of any region in Australia.
Other Services
Employment This industry All industries Employment (number) 466 500 11 390 100 Employment change (past 5 years) % 13.7 13.1 Working part-time % 29 30 Female % 41 45 Aged 45 years or older % 36 38 Employment outside state capital cities % 38 37 Education Without post-school qualications % 39 39 With VET qualications (Cert III or higher) % 43 30 With a Bachelor degree or higher % 14 26 Other Services is a diverse industry which includes personal services and selected repair and maintenance activities. The industry has 466 500 workers. Over the ve years to November 2010, employment grew by 13.7% (56 300). The largest numbers of new jobs were created in the Repair and Maintenance (up by 32 000) and Personal and Other Services (25 300) sectors. Over the next ve years, employment in this industry is expected to grow by 47 500 (or 10.2%). The growth is expected to be evenly spread between the Repair and Maintenance and Personal and Other Services sectors. A slightly lower proportion of the workforce is female (41%) compared with all industries (45%) and the workforce is relatively young (36% are aged 45 years or older compared with 38% for all industries). Consistent with trades being the largest employing occupations, the Vocational Education and Training (VET) sector provides a signicant contribution to skills in this industry. About 43% of workers hold a Certicate III or higher VET qualication, compared with 30% for all industries. The Other Services industry employs around 176 800 people in regional Australia or 38% of its employment. Other Services employs around 4% of Australias workforce. The industry covers a broad range of core services, and its share of total employment does not vary considerably between regions. Mackay-Fitzroy-Central West in Queensland has 6% of its employment in Other Services but Far West New South Wales has just 2% of its jobs in this industry.
Mining as a % of Total Employment in Each Region
Other Services as a % of Total Employment in Each Region
20
Industries Professional, Scientic and Technical Services

Employment This industry All industries Employment (number) 847 500 11 390 100 Employment change (past 5 years) % 19.1 13.1 Working part-time % 22 30 Female % 43 45 Aged 45 years or older % 36 38 Employment outside state capital cities % 23 37 Education Without post-school qualications % 22 39 With VET qualications (Cert III or higher) % 22 30 With a Bachelor degree or higher % 54 26 Professional, Scientic and Technical Services employs 847 500 workers. Over the ve years to November 2010, employment rose by 136 100 (or 19.1%). Both major subdivisions within this industry experienced strong growth. Employment is expected to grow by 149 800 (or 17.7%) over the next ve years, with the majority of new jobs expected in the Architectural, Engineering and Technical Services and Legal and Accounting Services sectors. A relatively low proportion of workers in the industry work part-time (22% compared with 30% for all industries). This industry also has a slightly lower proportion of workers who are aged 45 years or older (36% compared with 38% for all industries). Professional, Scientic and Technical Services includes industry activities requiring a high level of expertise and formal training. Just 22% of workers do not have post-school qualications (compared with the average of 39% for all industries). More than half (54%) have a Bachelor degree or higher qualication, twice the average for all industries (26%). There are 192 600 workers employed in the Professional, Scientic and Technical Services industry in regional Australia, 23% of the industrys employment. Workers who live in a capital city are more likely to be employed in this industry than those in regional areas. Sydney has 11% of its employment in this industry, the ACT has 10% and Melbourne 9%. This industry tends to represent a relatively small proportion of most regional workforces, but shortages are evident in a number of professions in regional areas.
Public Administration and Safety

Employment This industry All industries Employment (number) 693 200 11 390 100 Employment change (past 5 years) % 13.2 13.1 Working part-time % 16 30 Female % 47 45 Aged 45 years or older % 45 38 Employment outside state capital cities % 43 37 Education Without post-school qualications % 28 39 With VET qualications (Cert III or higher) % 28 30 With a Bachelor degree or higher % 40 26 Public Administration and Safety includes workers employed in government administration, providing services to the public and enforcing regulations. Employment totals 693 200, or about 6% of the Australian workforce. Over the ve years to November 2010, employment grew by 80 700 (or 13.2%), about the same rate as the all industries average. The largest number of new jobs were in the subdivisions of Public Administration (up by 60 400) and Public Order, Safety and Regulatory Services (29 900). In the next ve years, employment in Public Administration and Safety is expected to increase by 40 900 (or 5.9%). This industry employs a slightly higher proportion of females than the all industries average (47% compared with 45%) and has a considerably lower proportion of part-time workers (16% compared with 30%). Around 70% of workers in Public Administration and Safety hold post-school qualications, well above the all industries average of 60%. The proportion holding a Certicate III or higher Vocational Education and Training qualication is lower than for all industries (28% compared with 30%). About 40% hold a Bachelor degree or higher, compared with 26% for all industries. The Public Administration and Safety industry employs almost 300 000 people outside the state capital cities or 43% of its employment. This is well above the average for all industries (37%). This industry is particularly important in the ACT (where the Federal Government is primarily based). About 30% of the Territorys workforce is employed in this industry, ve times the national average (6%).
Professional, Scientic and Technical Services as a % of Total Employment in Each Region
Public Administration and Safety as a % of Total Employment in Each Region
21
Industries Rental, Hiring and Real Estate Services

Employment This industry All industries Employment (number) 213 100 11 390 100 Employment change (past 5 years) % 12.5 13.1 Working part-time % 27 30 Female % 50 45 Aged 45 years or older % 38 38 Employment outside state capital cities % 34 37 Education Without post-school qualications % 36 39 With VET qualications (Cert III or higher) % 37 30 With a Bachelor degree or higher % 20 26 The Rental, Hiring and Real Estate Services industry employs around 213 100 people, accounting for 2% of national employment, making it one of Australias smallest employing industries. Over the ve years to November 2010, employment grew by 23 700 (or 12.5%). This growth was concentrated in the Property Operators and Real Estate Services sector (up by 19 100). Employment is expected to increase by 21 000 (or 9.9%) over the next ve years, with the strongest rise anticipated to be in Property Operators and Real Estate Services (19 700). Half of all workers in the industry are female, higher than the all industries average of 45%, and a slightly lower proportion of employment is part-time (27% compared with 30%). Around 60% of workers in the Rental, Hiring and Real Estate Services industry hold post-school qualications, similar to all industries. A relatively high proportion hold a Vocational Education and Training qualication (37% hold a Certicate III or higher qualication compared with 30% for all industries). Around one out of every three jobs in the Rental, Hiring and Real Estate industry is in regional Australia (34% or 65 600 workers), slightly lower than the national average (37%). The industry accounts for just 2% of national employment and it represents a relatively low proportion of employment in each region, varying from a high of 3% in Far North Queensland, to a low of less than 1% in Far West New South Wales.
Retail Trade
Employment This industry All industries Employment (number) 1 234 400 11 390 100 Employment change (past 5 years) % 4.7 13.1 Working part-time % 49 30 Female % 57 45 Aged 45 years or older % 27 38 Employment outside state capital cities % 38 37 Education Without post-school qualications % 62 39 With VET qualications (Cert III or higher) % 21 30 With a Bachelor degree or higher % 11 26 Retail Trade is Australias second largest employing industry, with more than 1.2 million workers. Over the ve years to November 2010, employment rose by 55 900, or 4.7%. The Food Retailing subdivision was the major driver of this employment growth, increasing by 57 700. Employment in Retail Trade is expected to increase by 76 400 (or 6.2%) over the next ve years. Particularly large employment gains are expected in Food Retailing (54 200). Female workers outnumber men (57% are female) and almost half of Retail Trade employment is part-time (49%). This industrys workforce also has a young age prole, with 73% aged 15 to 44. Retail Trade has a relatively low skilled workforce (62% do not have post-school qualications, compared with 39% for all industries). This, combined with the availability of part-time hours, makes Retail Trade an ideal entry point to the labour market for school leavers, people re-entering the labour market and seeking part-time work, including students who are combining work and study. The Retail Trade industry is a signicant source of jobs in regional areas, employing more than 463 000 people outside state capital cities (or around 38% of the industrys employment). The Retail Trade industry has about 10% of national employment, but it has a higher share in some regions. In November 2010, the three regions with the highest share of their employment in Retail Trade were all located in major tourist areas in non-metropolitan Queensland. These were the Sunshine Coast (16%), Wide Bay-Burnett and Far North Queensland (both 13%).
Rental, Hiring and Real Estate Services as a % of Total Employment in Each Region
Retail Trade as a % of Total Employment in Each Region
22
Industries Transport, Postal and Warehousing

Employment This industry All industries Employment (number) 583 400 11 390 100 Employment change (past 5 years) % 16.8 13.1 Working part-time % 20 30 Female % 22 45 Aged 45 years or older % 47 38 Employment outside state capital cities % 33 37 Education Without post-school qualications % 52 39 With VET qualications (Cert III or higher) % 29 30 With a Bachelor degree or higher % 13 26 Transport, Postal and Warehousing employs around 583 400 workers, or 5% of the workforce in Australia. Over the ve years to November 2010, employment grew strongly, by 84 000 (or 16.8%). This growth was largely concentrated in the subdivisions of Transport Support Services (up by 27 900) and Postal and Courier Pick-up and Delivery Services (22 600). Rail Transport also contributed 18 800 new jobs. Over the next ve years, employment in Transport, Postal and Warehousing is expected to grow by 77 000 (or 13.2%), most of which is expected in the Postal and Courier Pick-up and Delivery Services (20 100) and Road Transport (18 400) sectors. The industry has an older prole (47% of workers are aged 45 years or older compared with 38%) than all industries. The majority of workers in the industry are males (78%) and the vast majority of workers are employed full-time (80%). This workforce has a relatively low skill prole. More than one in every two workers in this industry (52%) does not hold postschool qualications, compared with 39% for all industries. Transport, Postal and Warehousing employs around 188 500 people in regional Australia, 33% of its employment. This is slightly lower than the average for all industries (37%). Overall, the industry employs 5% of the Australian workforce, however about 8% of workers in Mackay-Fitzroy-Central West in Queensland are employed in the industry and just 2% in the ACT.
Wholesale Trade
Employment This industry All industries Employment (number) 406 000 11 390 100 Employment change (past 5 years) % 10.1 13.1 Working part-time % 16 30 Female % 32 45 Aged 45 years or older % 41 38 Employment outside state capital cities % 29 37 Education Without post-school qualications % 47 39 With VET qualications (Cert III or higher) % 28 30 With a Bachelor degree or higher % 20 26 The Wholesale Trade industry is one of the smaller employing industries in Australia, employing 406 000 workers. Over the ve years to November 2010, employment increased by 37 300 (or 10.1%). Employment rose in most subdivisions, with the largest increase being recorded in Machinery and Equipment Wholesaling (up by 17 600). Employment is expected to rise by 23 800 (or 5.9%) over the next ve years. Motor Vehicle and Motor Vehicle Parts Wholesaling is the only sector which is expected to experience a decline in employment over the next ve years (down by 3400). A relatively high proportion of workers are male (68%) compared with all industries (55%). The majority of workers are employed full-time (84%) and 41% are aged 45 or older, higher than the average for all industries (38%). Almost half the workers in this industry do not hold post-school qualications, suggesting that there are good opportunities for entry level positions. Employment is concentrated in the state capitals. Just 29% of workers in the industry are employed in regional Australia (or 121 700 workers), which is well below the average for all industries (37%). Some regional areas, such as West Moreton in Queensland and Northern Tasmania have a relatively high proportion of their workforces in the industry (7% and 5% respectively).
Transport, Postal and Warehousing as a % of Total Employment in Each Region
Wholesale Trade as a % of Total Employment in Each Region
23
OCCUPATIONAL OVERVIEW
Largest occupations
The four largest occupational groups in Australia are Professionals more than 2.4 million workers or about one in ve Australian workers. Technicians and Trades Workers and Clerical and Administrative Workers each around 1.7 million, or 15% of Australias workforce. Managers more than 1.4 million workers, or around 13% of employment. Twenty ve of the individual occupations listed in the Job Prospects Matrix, which begins on page 36, employ more than 100 000 people. The ve largest employing occupations are Sales Assistant (General) 527 800 Manager, Retail 238 600 Nurse, Registered 214 000 Clerk (General) 191 200 Receptionist 183 600.
Recent employment trends

Over the ve years to November 2010, employment growth was strongest for Community and Personal Service Workers up by 24% Professionals 19% Managers 15%. However, over the year to November 2010, employment growth was particularly strong for Sales Workers up by 9.4% Technicians and Trades Workers 6.7%. This growth in demand for Technicians and Trades Workers reects, in part, recovery from the global recession and strong demand for trade skills from the Mining sector, which has a ow-on effect to other industries.
Hours of work
There is quite a marked variation in hours of work across the major occupational groups. More than half of those employed as Sales Workers and Community and Personal Services Workers are employed part-time (56% and 52% respectively) and more than one-third of Clerical and Administrative Workers (35%) work part-time. This suggests these occupations offer good opportunities for people seeking shorter work hours to balance employment with study or caring responsibilities. Females also make up a larger proportion of these workforces, more than three in every ve workers, than the national workforce average of 45%.
Employment growth over the last two decades

Over the last 20 years, employment growth for jobs that generally require a qualication at the Diploma level or higher (or extensive on-the-job experience) has clearly outstripped the growth in lower skilled jobs (77% employment growth over this period compared with 28%). Twenty years ago, 29% of Australias workforce was employed in a professional or managerial occupation. Now, more than one in three workers (34%) in Australia is employed in these groups, highlighting the increasing demand for skilled workers. Workers are now less likely to be employed in lower skilled occupations. Labourers (currently 10% of total employment) and Clerical and Administrative Workers (15%) now have a smaller share of employment than they did in 1990. Growth in the number of Community and Personal Service Workers has also been strong over the past 20 years with these workers now accounting for almost one out of every ten workers in the Australian labour market.
Age prole
The Manager group has the oldest age prole, with half of these workers aged 45 years or older reecting, in part, the many years of experience generally required to become a Manager. Machinery Operators and Drivers (46% aged 45 years or older) and Clerical and Administrative Workers (42%) also have relatively old age proles.
Occupational Employment
Employt Nov 2010 Employt change 1 year to Nov 2010 Employt change 5 years to Nov 2010
% working part-time
Occupation Major Group Managers Professionals Technicians and Trades Community and Personal Services Clerical and Administrative Sales Workers Machinery Operators and Drivers Labourers Total (all occupations)1
Source: ABS Labour Force Survey 1 Trend data, totals do not add
1449.4 2415.4 1702.3 1082.3 1681.7 1132.6 723.3 1190.4 11 390.1
13 21 15 10 15 10 6 10 100
-8.1 58.0 106.4 56.3 36.3 97.4 34.2 11.8 369.0
-0.6 2.5 6.7 5.5 2.2 9.4 5.0 1.0 3.3
184.2 386.9 182.8 211.2 106.8 86.6 79.2 83.3 1316.8
14.6 19.1 12.0 24.2 6.8 8.3 12.3 7.5 13.1
12 24 13 52 35 56 14 44 30
34 53 13 69 75 62 9 34 45
24
For more information see www.joboutlook.gov.au
% aged 45 years or older 50 40 32 34 42 25 46 38 38
% of total workforce
% female
000
000
000
OCCUPATIONAL CLUSTERS AND SKILL LEVEL

Occupational clusters
The previous page examined the occupational labour market by major group. To assist you to explore career opportunities and compare occupations, it is also useful to cluster like occupations such as Carers and Aides, Drivers and Storepersons and Hospitality Workers. The top 20 growth clusters, based on the number of new jobs projected for the next ve years, are presented in the chart below. The growth clusters are spread across all industries and skill levels, highlighting the range of opportunities available in the Australian labour market. Some clusters may have stronger growth (in terms of percentage change) but the clusters listed in the chart are expected to have the largest number of new jobs.
Most new jobs are in skilled occupations

The Australian Bureau of Statistics classies occupations into skill levels. Generally, the higher the skill level, the greater the amount of formal education and/or training, previous experience and on-the-job training required to competently perform the set of tasks for that occupation. The following table outlines the ve skill levels, noting they are expressed in terms of qualications required for competent performance in an occupation. These are indicative, and for many occupations, some years of relevant experience can substitute for formal qualications.
Projected Employment Growth to 2015-16 Skill Level (000)

Skill Level 1 2 3 4 5 Equivalent qualication level Bachelor Degree or higher qualication. AQF Associate Degree, Advanced Diploma or Diploma. AQF Certicate III (including at least two years of on-the-job training) or IV. AQF Certicate II or III. AQF Certicate I or compulsory secondary education. 5 Year Growth 499.5 179.9 207.6 327.6 111.0
Projected Employment Growth to 201516 Top 20 Occupational Clusters (000)

Carers and Aides Medical Practitioners and Nurses Construction Trades Electrotechnology and Telecommunications Trades Education Professionals Hospitality, Retail and Service Managers Sales Assistants and Salespersons General-Inquiry Clerks, Call Centre, Receptionists Engineers Hospitality Workers Legal, Social and Welfare Professionals Engineering, ICT and Science Technicians, Inspectors Health Diagnostic and Therapy Professionals Numerical Clerks Health and Welfare Support Workers Business, Finance and Human Resource Professionals Drivers and Storepersons Automotive and Engineering Trades Food Trades Corporate Managers 0 Source: DEEWR employment projections 20 43.9 41.2 38.7 37.5 35.9 35.9 35.7 35.3 33.5 68.9 68.7 63.8 85.5 112.6
Source: DEEWR employment projections
More than half the projected growth in jobs over the next ve years is expected to be in the highly skilled occupations, which includes those at skill level 1 or 2.
Projected Employment Growth to 2015-16 Skill Level (% share)

Skill Level 5, 8.4
Skill Level 1, 37.7 32.5 31.8 31.1 29.5 28.2 28.2 40 60 80 100 120 Skill Level 3, 15.7 Skill Level 4, 24.7
The occupational cluster with the largest projected employment growth is Carers and Aides. Medical Practitioners and Nurses, Construction Trades, Electrotechnology and Telecommunications Trades, and Education Professionals also have strong projected growth. Some clusters, such as Carers and Aides, and Medical Practitioners and Nurses, are employed mainly in one industry (Health Care and Social Assistance) while others, including Business, Finance and Human Resource Professionals, have employment spread across many industries. This cluster approach is also used in Job Outlook www.joboutlook.gov.au. On this site, select the occupation in which you are interested then click the Related Jobs tab to see graphs with data on employment characteristics, trends and prospects for the relevant clusters, including comparisons between occupations within the cluster.
Skill Level 2, 13.6
However, job opportunities are expected across all skill levels. The top ve occupations expected to provide the largest number of new jobs are Electricians (58 900) Registered Nurses (52 700) Aged and Disabled Carers (46 700) General Clerks (31 500) Child Carers (30 600).
25
INDUSTRY AND OCCUPATIONAL PROJECTIONS

Most new jobs will be in a small number of industries
All industries are projected to increase their employment over the next ve years except Manufacturing, where employment is expected to decline (continuing a long-term trend). Over the ve years to 2015-16, though, more than half of the new jobs in Australia are expected to be provided by just three of the 19 industries. The pie chart below shows that one in four new jobs (323 300 or 24.5% of new jobs) are expected to be in Health Care and Social Assistance, with Construction and Professional, Scientic and Technical Services together also creating more than a quarter of new jobs (195 800 and 149 800 respectively).
In which occupation groups will the new jobs be?

While all eight major occupational groups are expected to have larger employment in ve years time, there are projected to be smaller employment gains for the lower skilled occupational groups of Sales Workers, Labourers and Machinery Operators and Drivers, highlighting the importance of undertaking post-school education and training to improve your job and career prospects. Over the ve years to 2015-16, the largest jobs growth is expected to be for Professionals (385 000), followed by Technicians and Trades Workers (240 100) and Community and Personal Service Workers (218 100). There are also expected to be large numbers of new jobs for Managers (143 600) and Clerical and Administrative Workers (115 900).
Projected Employment Growth to 2015-16, Top 10 Industries (000)

Health Care and Social Assistance Construction Professional, Scientific and Technical Services Education and Training Transport, Postal and Warehousing Retail Trade Mining Administrative and Support Services Other Services Accommodation and Food Services 0 323.3 195.8 149.8 95.7 77.0 76.4 69.2 48.4 47.5 46.6 50 100 150 200 250 300 350
Projected Employment Growth to 2015-16 Occupation Major Group (000)

Professionals Technicians and Trades Workers Community and Personal Service Workers Managers Clerical and Administrative Workers Machinery Operators and Drivers Labourers Sales Workers 0 Source: DEEWR employment projections 61.7 55.6 55.0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 143.6 115.9 240.1 218.1 385.0
Other industries which are expected to provide large numbers of new jobs include Transport, Postal and Warehousing (77 000), Retail Trade (76 400) and Mining (69 200).
Projected Employment Growth to 2015-16 Industry (% share)

Health Care and Social Assistance, 24.5
The graph below highlights the strong role that Professionals will play in contributing to overall employment growth over the next ve years, with around 31% of new jobs being in this group.
Other industries, 25.1
Projected Employment Growth to 2015-16 Occupation Group (% share)

Labourers, 4.4
Mining, 5.3 Transport, Postal and Warehousing, 5.8 Retail Trade, 5.8 Education and Training, 7.3 Source: DEEWR employment projections
Construction, 14.9
Machinery Operators and Drivers, 4.8 Sales Workers, 4.3 Clerical and Administrative Workers, 9.1
Managers, 11.3
Professional, Scientific and Technical Services, 11.4

Professionals, 30.2 Community and Personal Service Workers, 17.1
At the more disaggregated level, the top ten industry subdivisions providing the most new jobs are expected to be Building Installation Services (78 100) Hospitals (71 500) Architectural, Engineering and Technical Services (68 200) Cafes, Restaurants and Takeaway Food Services (67 900) Residential Care Services (56 200) Other Social Assistance Services (54 700) School Education (49 400) Building Completion Services (47 300) Allied Health Services (44 300) Computer System Design and Related Services (42 000).
Technicians and Trade Workers, 18.8
DEEWR prepares indicative projections of employment growth. The latest projections are for the ve years to 201516, and are based, in part, on forecasts from economic forecasting organisations, especially Access Economics and the Centre of Policy Studies (CoPS) at Monash University. They also take account of recent employment trends and prospective industry developments.
26
WHO IS IN-TRAINING?
The number of Australian apprentices and trainees in-training is increasing
Over the ten years to June 2010, the number of Australian apprentices and trainees in-training increased signicantly, to about 440 600. The prole of Australian apprentices and trainees has also changed, showing that there is an opportunity to undertake training regardless of your age or gender. There is now a higher proportion of people aged 45 years or older in-training, around one in every eight (or 57 500) apprentices and trainees is in this age group. The proportion of females in-training has increased as well. Ten years ago, females comprised about 31% of apprentices but now they now account for around 34%.
There are more students studying at university

There were 813 900 domestic students enrolled in university in 2009, an increase of 5.4% compared with 2008. Ten years earlier, there were 603 200 domestic students at university. In 2009, more than half (55%) of all domestic university students were female and 70% of students were studying full-time.
University Student Enrolments by Gender (000)

Males 500 Females 472.2 405.7 400 336.9 310.7 300 266.2 341.7
Apprentices and Trainees In-Training by Gender (000)

Male 350 300 263.1 250 200 150 100 50 0 2000 2005 Source: NCVER Apprentices and Trainees Collection 2010 84.6 186.6 135.6 151.3 0 1999 100 289.3 200 Female
2004
2009
Source: DEEWR Higher Education Statistics
Opportunities to study at university are available no matter how old you are. In 2009, more than 100 000 domestic university students were aged 40 years or older, a 42% increase over the past decade.
The rise in the number of females in-training has been signicantly greater than that for males over the past decade. The number of females rose by about 79% and the number of males rose by 55%. Overall, the numbers of apprentices and trainees in-training rose by 62%.
University Student Enrolments by Age (000)

1999 300.0 250.0 216.2 200.0 150.0 187.7 168.0 237.4 205.3 218.5 2004 2009 278.8
Apprentices and Trainees In-Training by Age (000)

2000 160 140 120 101.3 100 80 60 40 20 0 19 years and under 20 to 24 years 25 to 44 years 45 years or over Source: NCVER Apprentices and Trainees Collection 21.4 80.9 67.6 57.5 47.7 132.2 135.3 114.2 105.2 113.6 133.6 2005 2010
176.6 181.1
100.0 70.9 50.0 0.0 19 years and under

20 to 24 years 25 to 39 years
92.7 100.4
40 years or over
Source: DEEWR Higher Education Statistics
Over the past decade, the proportion of apprentices and trainees in-training who are aged 45 years or older has risen markedly, up from 8% of the total in 2000 to 13% in 2010. The level of qualication being attained has also risen. Almost 92% of Australian apprentices and trainees in-training in September 2010 were studying for a AQF Certicate III level Vocational Education and Training qualication or higher. This is well above the proportion recorded a decade ago (79%).
A growing proportion of the Australian workforce holds qualications at the Bachelor degree or higher level, reecting increased demand from employers for highly skilled workers. In line with this, over the ten years to 2009, the number of domestic students attaining this level of qualication increased by 28%. The increase in the number of students completing higher education studies has not, though, been distributed evenly among the elds of education. Over the past decade, the number of award completions in Health increased by 60%, while those in Engineering and Related Technologies increased by 13%. By contrast, the number of award completions in Information Technology decreased by 51% and those in Agriculture, Environmental and Related Studies decreased by 7%, despite shortages being evident in some related occupations.
27
EDUCATION AND EMPLOYMENT

The Australian workforce is becoming more skilled
The Australian workforce is becoming more educated and more highly skilled. Looking at the industries where employment growth is strongest, like Health Care and Social Assistance where almost three-quarters of workers hold post-school qualications, it is apparent that most of the new jobs of the future will require post-school qualications to meet employers demand for skilled workers. This means that you are at an increasing disadvantage when looking for work if you have a low level of education, or have not completed post-school study. There has been a marked increase in the proportion of Australian workers who hold post-school qualications. Around half of those employed in 2000 had studied after leaving school but by 2010, this had risen to around 61%.
Higher qualications increase your chance of getting a job

There is plenty of evidence to suggest your level of education has a signicant effect on your chance of getting a job. The May 2010 ABS Education and Work survey shows that those with a Certicate III/IV or higher qualication have lower unemployment rates than workers who do not hold post-school qualications. The higher your qualication, the less likely you are to be unemployed and data on page 29 also show higher qualications generally mean higher pay. In 2010, the unemployment rate for workers with Year 10 as their highest qualication was 9.9%, compared with 6.4% for people who completed Year 12, 3.8% for those with Certicate III/IV qualications and 2.7% for people who completed a Bachelor degree.
Educational Prole (% of total employed) May 2010

Highest level of post-school qualication Postgraduate Degree Graduate Diploma/Certicate Bachelor Degree Advanced Diploma/Diploma Certicate III/IV Certicate I/II Certicate not further dened No post-school qualication
Source: ABS Survey of Education and Work
% 5.1 2.5 18.8 10.1 19.6 3.8 1.0 39.1
Unemployment Rate by Qualication, May 2009 and May 2010 (%)

2010 Bachelor Degree Certificate III/IV Year 12 Year 10 0.0 2.0 4.0 6.0 8.0 2009 3.4 2.7 4.3 3.8 7.1 6.4 10.4 9.9 10.0 12.0
Source: ABS Survey of Education and Work
There are signicant differences in the qualication prole of the workforce in cities compared with regional areas. In cities, people are much more likely to have a university qualication, while in regional Australia, people are more likely to hold Vocational Education and Training (VET) qualications. In part, this reects the industry base of many regional locations, where Agriculture, Forestry and Fishing; Construction; Electricity, Gas, Water and Waste Services; Transport, Storage and Warehousing; and Mining often represent relatively high shares of local employment.
Employment outcomes for university and VET graduates are good

For Bachelor degree graduates, Graduate Careers Australias (GCA) 2010 graduate survey shows that 76% of surveyed graduates had found full-time work by 30 April 2010 after nishing their degrees in 2009. For VET graduates, the National Centre for Vocational Education Researchs (NCVER) survey of VET students for 2010 found that 76% of surveyed graduates found work approximately six months after graduating. While this gure also includes people employed on a part-time basis, these results are similar to the outcomes for Bachelor degree students. DEEWR projections (see the Job Prospects Matrix from page 36) show that employment growth over the next ve years is expected to be strong and job prospects are above average for most professions. Many trade occupations also have strong employment growth and above average job prospects.
Highest Level of Educational Attainment, by Remoteness Area, 2009 (% of total employed)

% with a VET Cert III/IV or higher % with a university qualification 24.9 26.8
Major cities of Australia
Inner regional Australia
13.7 31.3
Bachelor Degree and VET Graduates Employed After Graduation, 2008 to 2010
Bachelor Degree Graduates Vocational Education and Training Graduates Employed (full-time or part-time) at 28 May following graduation 76.3 77.8 80.7
Outer regional Australia
12.7 27.9
14.6 Remote Australia 24.1 0.0 5.0 10.0 Source: ABS Survey of Education and Training 15.0 20.0 25.0 30.0 35.0
2010 2009 2008
Employed full-time at 30 April following graduation 76.2 79.2 85.2
Source: Gradstats and NCVER Student Outcomes
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EDUCATION AND EMPLOYMENT

Graduate demand is strong in regional areas
National Centre for Vocational Education Research (NCVER) data also show that Vocational Education and Training (VET) qualications are particularly sought after in regional and remote areas of Australia. VET graduates in regional and remote Australia are more likely to nd employment after graduation than those in major cities. This is particularly the case for graduates in remote areas (86% were employed after graduating compared with 74% in major cities) and they are also more likely to command a higher income once they have found employment (average annual income of $53 900 compared with $47 500 in major cities).
VET Graduates Employed (% of total) at 28 May after Graduation, 2010

Architecture and Building Education Engineering and Related Technologies Health Agriculture, Environmental and Related Studies Society and Culture Management and Commerce Food, Hospitality and Personal Services Natural and Physical Sciences Information Technology Creative Arts 0 Source: NCVER Student Outcomes 61.9 60.0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 87.1 84.8 84.7 83.1 80.1 77.4 74.1 73.1 67.1
Outcomes for Vocational Education and Training Graduates in Regional and Remote Australia, 2010
Average annual income for full-time employed graduates $ 47 500 $ 47 400 $ 53 900 Employed at 28 May following graduation 74% 78% 86%
Starting salaries for graduates

In 2010, Graduate Careers Australia (GCA) gures show the median annual starting salary for all Bachelor degree graduates aged less than 25 years and in their rst full-time job in Australia was $49 000, up from $48 000 in 2009. The ve highest starting salaries were for Dentistry ($75 000) Optometry ($70 000) Engineering ($56 000) Medicine ($55 000) Earth Sciences ($54 000).
Major cities Inner and outer regional Remote and very remote
Source: NCVER Student Outcomes
Employment outcomes by eld of study

Graduate employment outcomes by eld of study are useful to see which graduates do best in the labour market but they need to be examined in the context of other information. The information shown below is employment outcomes for Bachelor degree graduates, but the entry qualication for some occupations is commonly a Masters degree. Graduate Careers Australia gures show that in Architecture, for example, more than 40% of 2009 Bachelor degree graduates were in further study at 30 April 2010. For Certicate III/IV graduates in Information Technology, around half were studying (some combining work and further study). For some other occupations, there is a mandatory internship/registration year before a graduate is admitted to the occupation (for example, Medical Practitioner), so a high proportion of these graduates are in full-time work. Detailed information is at www.graduatecareers.com.au/Research/ GradJobsDollars/index.htm and www.ncver.edu.au/statistic/21065
In 2010, NCVER data show the average annual salary for graduates with a qualication through VET who were in full-time work six months after completing their training was Diploma or higher ($54 600) Certicate IV ($54 400) Certicate III ($45 500) Certicate II ($42 200) Certicate I ($42 000).
Bachelor Degree Graduates (% of those seeking full-time employment who were working full-time at 30 April), 2010
Rehabilitation Building Law Accounting Architecture Agriculture Chemical Engineering Mathematics Life Sciences Visual/Performing Arts 0 20 Source: Graduate Careers Australia, Gradles 40 53.3 60 80 100 69.3 67.7 66.8 61.0 88.8 84.3 82.1 79.1 75.8
In 2010, for graduates with a qualication through VET who were in full-time work six months after completing their training, the highest average salaries were in the elds of Education ($63 500) Engineering and Related Technology ($50 400) Health ($49 300) Agriculture, Environmental and Related Studies ($47 600) Management and Commerce ($47 500).
Useful links
www.graduatecareers.com.au information for higher education graduates www.ncver.edu.au information on Vocational Education and Training graduate outcomes and research www.jobsearch.gov.au graduate careers in the Australian Government and State agencies Click on graduate links www.goingtouni.gov.au more about studying at university Further information is available at www.graduatecareers.com.au/ Research/GradJobsDollars/index and www.ncver.edu.au/ resources/sos_online
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EMPLOYABILITY SKILLS
What are employability skills?
Employability skills are non-technical or generic skills, such as communication, team work and problem solving, which contribute to your ability to be an effective and successful participant in the workplace. They are sometimes referred to as key, core, life, essential, or soft skills. Unlike many technical skills, employability skills are transferable between jobs. Given the value employers place on workplace experience, entry-level positions can be a great place for you to develop these skills. Employers place a strong emphasis on the need for both entry-level and ongoing employees to exhibit a broad range of attributes. As a result, employers often reject applicants who are suitable in many other respects, even those who hold elevated qualications because they do not have the required employability skills they desire. Employers look for employability skills particularly when there are large numbers of applicants, or when choosing between competing applicants that are suitable in other respects. This makes employability skills especially important, with the most commonly reported difculty in nding work among unemployed persons in the past year being Too many applicants for available jobs1. The importance of employability skills is highlighted further by the fact that it is now a requirement of nationally recognised Vocational Education and Training Packages to embed employability skills into course content. In order to nd out what employability skills can be gained in a particular training package or course, just enter the course code into the search box on employabilityskills.training.com.au. There are eight identied employability skills and these are summarised below. While employers consider all eight to be important, particular jobs may require some more than others. For example, jobs in the retail industry may require strong communication skills, whereas jobs in administration may require a good working knowledge of common computer software, such as Microsoft Word and Excel.
Problem solving
Problem solving skills contribute to productive outcomes and include the capacity to develop creative, innovative and practical solutions, and to apply a range of strategies across a range of areas to solve specic problems.
Initiative and enterprise

Initiative and enterprise skills contribute to innovative outcomes. They include the ability to adapt to change, develop effective work practices, identify opportunities and translate ideas into action.
Planning and organising

Planning and organising skills contribute to long-term and short-term strategic planning. They include the capacity to manage priorities by setting timelines, coordinating tasks and working systematically.
Self management
Self management skills contribute to employee satisfaction and growth. They include having a personal vision and clear goals, evaluating ones own performance at work, seeking continuous self improvement to enhance performance, having clarity and condence and taking responsibility.
Learning
Learning skills contribute to ongoing improvement and expansion in employee and company operations and outcomes. They include proactive involvement in training and learning opportunities while working in your current job.
Technology
Technological skills contribute to the effective execution of tasks. They include a basic understanding of word processing, spreadsheets and internet/email and an ability to adapt to new and emerging technologies in the workplace.
Other attributes valued by employers

Employers also value a range of attributes relating to employability skills including: loyalty, commitment, honesty and integrity, enthusiasm, reliability, personal presentation, commonsense, positive self esteem, ability to deal with pressure, motivation and adaptability. These attributes enable individuals to be successful both in and outside the workplace and to maintain a healthy work-life balance. For many employers, employability skills and personal attributes are just as important as the technical ability to do the job. For this reason it is important for job seekers wishing to enter the workforce to incorporate these skills into job applications and demonstrate them at interviews.
Communication
Communication skills contribute to productive and harmonious relations between employees and customers. They include effective listening and understanding, speaking clearly and directly, being assertive and persuasive, reading effectively, writing to the needs of the audience and being responsive in negotiations and requests. Communication skills are one of the most important employability skills as they are the rst skills an employer encounters. Their importance is borne out by two recent surveys. The ABS Job Search Experience survey found 67% of new employees had written, phoned, or applied in person to an employer for work; and the DEEWR Survey of Employers Recruitment Experiences found that of all the employability skills, applicants were most lacking in communication skills.
Team work
Team work skills contribute to productive working relationships and outcomes. They include the capacity to work harmoniously with a wide range of people and understanding your role in the team as well as identifying the strengths of team members and using them to meet objectives.
1.
Source: ABS Job Search Experience, July 2010
30
SKILLS FOR SUSTAINABILITY

What are green skills and green jobs?
Green skills, or skills for sustainability, are the professional and vocational skills, as well as the generic skills (such as sustainable approaches, innovation and problem solving) required for new green jobs and the greening of existing jobs across all industry sectors as a response to climate change and sustainability imperatives. There is no doubt that new green jobs will be created as we move to a greener economy. This includes occupations in clean energy production and jobs in the manufacturing and production of clean and green consumer items. However, as businesses and entire industries across the economy move to more sustainable ways of working, it is likely that a whole host of existing jobs will be made greener. Workers across a range of occupations will need new skills to increase efciency, reduce waste, conserve water and develop and implement new technologies and practices for a more sustainable world. Plumbers, for example, with the right skills and training will be able to install and maintain devices and systems for water and energy efciency, recycling, rain water harvesting and waste reduction. They will also be able to promote and advise customers on these products, while moulding business culture by contributing to the bottom line in a sustainable and environmentally-friendly way. Green skills will be important to all industries and sectors, not just to the trades. For example lawyers, accountants and economists will need to respond to the demand for environmental reporting and accounting practices planners, architects and engineers will need to respond to demand for sustainable design and new green materials business owners and operators will need to respond to rapidly escalating energy, water and waste costs retailers, service providers and procurement managers will need to respond to increasing consumer and client demand for green products and services, and primary producers will need to respond to rising input costs and land degradation. Green skills are about preparing all Australians in all parts of the country for the challenges of the future and the transition to a sustainable, low carbon economy. The four objectives of the Agreement are developing national standards for skills for sustainability instruction within the requirements of the national regulatory framework upskilling VET teachers and instructors so they can provide effective training and facilitation in skills for sustainability reviewing and revising Training Packages to incorporate skills for sustainability, and implementing strategies to reskill vulnerable workers in the transition to a low carbon economy. In addition, the National Green Jobs Corps (NGJC) program is an environmental work experience and training program for eligible young Australians aged 17 to 24 years old. The program commenced on 1 January 2010 and runs until 31 December 2011. NGJC helps young people develop valuable skills and experiences in the environmental and climate change growth industries, ensuring they are ready for employment in these areas. NGJC participants are involved in 26 weeks of environmental training, where they undertake both practical work experience and accredited training towards a Certicate II level qualication. Young people doing NGJC work on projects focused on the conservation, protection and rejuvenation of Australias natural environment and cultural heritage. The types of projects they are involved in include bush regeneration beach and dune rehabilitation wildlife and sh habitat protection ora, fauna and land surveys and audits community consultation and surveys relating to the environment training and hands-on experience in the installation of energy efciencies (such as insulation for buildings) designed to reduce carbon emissions, and developing community information and education products. In addition, each project gives participants the opportunity to develop teamwork and leadership skills while preparing for employment opportunities. Young people interested in participating in NGJC should talk to their local Centrelink, Job Services Australia or Disability Employment Services provider. Further information about NGJC can be found at www.deewr.gov.au/ngjc.
What is the Government doing to provide opportunities for Australians to access green skills and green jobs?
The Australian Government is committed to ensuring that the education and training system is capable of providing a workforce that has the skills required to drive and promote sustainable outcomes in the workplace and the community. In particular, under the Green Skills Agreement, all new trade apprentices commencing training from 2011 will graduate with a core set of skills, knowledge and training in sustainable principles and practices. The Green Skills Agreement, which was endorsed by the Council of Australian Governments in December 2009, commits the Australian and state and territory governments to working with training organisations and business to ensure skills for sustainability are an integral part of all Vocational Education and Training (VET) and are relevant to the needs of industry.
31
EMPLOYMENT, EDUCATION AND TRAINING SERVICES

What help is available for me?
There is a wide range of Government assistance available to help you nd the right job, gain skills through training and understand your rights in the workplace. The following information is summary in nature and cannot fully explain the large number of policies and programs available to help you. If you would like further information, the Department of Education, Employment and Workplace Relations website www.deewr.gov.au is the place to start. If you do not have access to the Internet, call DEEWR on 13 17 64. Centrelink can help too. Go to www.centrelink.gov.au or phone 13 24 90.
Parents
As a parent or carer, you may have additional responsibilities and needs that affect your ability to secure employment. Job Services Australia can help you gain skills and improve your job prospects. All principal carer parents on income support are eligible to access Job Services Australia services. Assistance could also include support to access suitable child care.
Mature age employment

If you are 50 years of age or older and looking for work, you can register to receive help from Job Services Australia. Your Job Services Australia provider will work with you to develop your own combination of job search, training and other assistance to address barriers to employment and to help you get and keep a job. You may also want to explore the Experience+ website. This site contains information for employers, mature age job seekers and mature age workers. This service includes free career advice, a rsum appraisal service, on-the job support and job transition support. Experience+ can be found on the DEEWR website at www.deewr.gov.au/employment/programs/expplus.
EMPLOYMENT
Job Services Australia assistance
Job Services Australia is the Australian Governments national employment services system. Jobs Services Australia is a one stop shop for employment services, and providers are located in more than 2100 towns, cities and rural sites across Australia. If you are a job seeker, you will be linked to a provider of your choosing who will work with you throughout the duration of your journey to employment. The provider will work with you to develop an Employment Pathway Plan, based on your needs and circumstances, which sets out the services and training that will help you to nd and keep a job. Details about Job Services Australia, including information for specialist services which are summarised below, and the location of Job Services Australia providers, are available at www.deewr.gov.au/jobservicesaustralia.
People with disability

The new Disability Employment Services provides improved services for job seekers with disability, injury, or health condition and can support their families and carers and employers. Disability Employment Services providers are organisations contracted by the Australian Government across Australia in more than 2000 sites. They provide a wide range of services and support to help you nd and maintain sustainable employment. Disability Employment Services providers will work with you to develop an individual program that focuses on your strengths, abilities and the barriers you face in getting a job. Once you are placed in a job your provider may also support you in the workplace if you need help to keep your job. For more information, visit the DEEWR website, or JobAccess. www.jobaccess.gov.au is a one-stop information shop providing help for employers, employees, job seekers and service providers for the employment of people with disability.
Youth
Job Services Australia is also available to young people who are aged between 15 and 20, who are not employed for more than 15 hours per week or in full-time education and not in receipt of income support. In addition, if you have signicant issues preventing you from getting a job, you may be able to register directly with a Job Services Australia provider to get immediate help. Go to www.youth.gov.au for the answers you need.
New Enterprise Incentive Scheme

Starting a new business is another employment option available to you as a job seeker. If you are considering setting up your own business, you may be eligible for the New Enterprise Incentive Scheme, depending on your personal circumstances. For more information see www.deewr.gov.au/ Employment/JSA/EmploymentServices/Pages/NEIS.
People from non-English speaking backgrounds

If you are a job seeker from a non-English speaking background, Job Services Australia can help you to get a job. You may also be given the choice of attending a culturally and linguistically diverse specialist provider.
Indigenous
The Australian Government is committed to halving the employment gap between Indigenous and non-Indigenous Australians within a decade. If you are an Indigenous job seeker and are experiencing barriers to getting a job, all Job Services Australia providers can deliver specic services for you. You may also be given the choice of attending an Indigenous specialist. They operate in many locations across Australia and will also have strategies for employing and retaining Indigenous Australians in their own organisations.
Harvest Labour Services

Harvest Labour Services can help you nd work as a harvest labourer in rural and regional areas across Australia. Harvest work is generally available throughout the year where there are not enough local workers to harvest fruit and vegetable crops or assist wool growers. The National Harvest Labour Information Service can help you nd information about fruit and vegetable harvest jobs across Australia. See jobsearch.gov.au/harvesttrail.
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Help if you have lost your job

Any workers who are made redundant are eligible for employment support with a Job Services Australia provider of their choice. In some circumstances, the Government is able to provide labour adjustment packages to assist employees in areas where large scale closures may impact on the local labour market. Workers from eligible companies in the automotive manufacturing industry and the textile, clothing and footwear industry have immediate access to intensive assistance through Job Services Australia. For more information, see www.deewr.gov.au/Employment/JSA/JobSeekerSupport. The General Employee Entitlements and Redundancy Scheme (GEERS) (see below) may also be able to assist you if you are owed unpaid wages or other entitlements because your employer has entered liquidation or is bankrupt.
The Australian Government has introduced a number of initiatives to help ease the nancial difculties Australian Apprentices experience in the early years of their apprenticeship, particularly in trades experiencing a skills shortage. If you are interested in an Australian Apprenticeship visit www.australianapprenticeships.gov.au for more information.
Higher Education
If you are considering studying at a university, the Australian Government provides information about higher education, providers of higher education and student places, including information about enrolling and course costs, loans, scholarships and income support for students. www.goingtouni.gov.au is a good starting point and it links to other useful resources.
REGIONAL ASSISTANCE
Regional Development Australia Fund
The Regional Development Australia Fund will provide around $1 billion to boost economic development in the regions. The Government is calling for applications for projects that will boost economic development, create local jobs and lift the quality of life in local communities and regions. Interested parties can register to receive guidelines for the Fund when they are released by sending an email to regionalgrants@regional.gov.au with RDAF Interest in the subject line.
WORKPLACE RELATIONS
What support is available after I have a job?
Fair Work Australia (FWA) is the national workplace relations tribunal. It is an independent body with power to carry out a range of functions including providing a safety net of minimum conditions, including minimum wages, protection from unfair dismissal, balance between work and family life, and the right to be represented in the workplace. For more information see www.fwa.gov.au.
Local Employment Coordinators

Local Employment Coordinators (LECs) work in 20 vulnerable areas across Australia. LECs identify opportunities and drive strategic responses to local needs by facilitating linkages across business, community, provider organisations and all levels of government to help people into jobs and meet demands for skills and labour. The LECs work with Keep Australia Working committees to harness local expertise and provide guidance to develop and implement Regional Employment Plans that set out the employment priorities for the region. LECs provide assistance to retrenched workers, develop and support local employment projects and industry events, connect employers with and increase awareness of available government assistance and how to access it, and work closely with Regional Development Australia to enhance the growth and development of Australias regions. LECs have good links in their regions and work at a grassroots level to address labour market issues in local communities. By working closely with their communities, LECs actively encourage participation to the benet of local communities and their economies. See www.deewr.gov.au for more information.
General Employee Entitlements and Redundancy Scheme (GEERS)

Are you owed unpaid wages or other entitlements due to your employer going bankrupt? GEERS is a payment scheme established to assist employees who have lost their employment due to the liquidation or bankruptcy of their employer and who are owed capped unpaid wages, annual and long service leave, capped payment in lieu of notice and capped redundancy pay. For more information see www.deewr.gov.au/geers.
EDUCATION AND TRAINING

Skills are vital to the Australian economy and to improve your chances of gaining the job you want. There are many training opportunities available, from Australian Apprenticeships and university study to short courses which can help you gain employability skills and skills for sustainability (more information about employability and sustainability skills are on pages 30 and 31). From more information see www.deewr.gov.au
Relocating for work

Connecting People with Jobs helps eligible job seekers to relocate for full-time work or an apprenticeship. Eligible job seekers can be reimbursed with between $3000 and $9000 to assist with the cost of moving. To nd out more, contact your local Job Services Australia provider. Call 13 62 68 or visit www.deewr.gov.au/relocation.
Australian Apprenticeships
An apprenticeship is a training contract between an employer and an employee in which the apprentice or trainee learns the skills needed for a particular occupation or trade. Australian Apprenticeships are available to you if you are of working age. They do not require any entry qualications. You can be a school leaver, re-entering the workforce or simply wishing to change careers. You may even be able to start an Australian Apprenticeship while you are still at school. No matter in what industry you might be interested, there is likely to be an Australian Apprenticeship to meet your needs.
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Rural Tertiary Hardship Fund

The Rural Tertiary Hardship Fund has been established to reduce barriers faced by rural and regional students, under the age of 25, who would experience nancial hardship in undertaking higher education without this assistance. The Fund will provide one-off grants of $3000 to eligible students. For information, including eligibility requirements, go to www.deewr.gov.au/rthf.
Scholarships for the allied health eld

If you live in regional Australia and are thinking about enrolling in an allied health related undergraduate or postgraduate degree, you may be eligible to apply for a scholarship under the Nursing and Allied Health Scholarship and Support Scheme. The allied health eld includes occupations such as audiologist, aboriginal health worker, dentist, medical diagnostic radiographer, occupational therapist, optometrist, physiotherapist and social worker. Scholarships are also available for professional development and clinical placements. See the Services for Australian Rural and Remote Allied Health website at www.sarrah.org.au for more information
Scholarships for higher education students

The Government has introduced scholarships as an entitlement for university students receiving student payments. Since 1 April 2010, university students in receipt of Youth Allowance, Austudy or ABSTUDY have been eligible to receive a new annual Student Start-Up Scholarship for each year they are studying, valued at $2194 in 2011. If you are a student receiving Youth Allowance or ABSTUDY and you need to move away from home to study you may also be eligible for the new Relocation Scholarship, valued in 2011 at $4124 for the rst year of study and $1031 for each year following. Both scholarships are indexed annually. See www.centrelink.gov.au for more information on eligibility for scholarships.
Thinking about a career in medicine?

There is a range of schemes to promote careers in rural medicine and increase the number of doctors in rural and regional areas in the longer term. These include the HECS Reimbursement Scheme and the Bonded Medical Places Scheme. See www.doctorconnect.gov.au for a range of helpful information. The Rural Australia Medical Undergraduate Scholarship Scheme (RAMUS) aims to increase the number of medicine students with a rural background. Scholarship holders receive $10 000 each year during the completion of a standard medical degree at their chosen university. For information on eligibility and how to apply go to ramus.ruralhealth.org.au.
Indigenous initiatives
Are you an Indigenous student in regional or remote Australia who is interested in going to university? If so, there are a range of scholarships that you may wish to apply for. Contact the university at which you plan to study for more information. If your studies are a mix of face to face contact and distance studies, you may also be eligible for the Away from Base program. This program covers travel costs for eligible Indigenous Vocational Education and Training and higher education students who undertake accredited courses of study through a combination of distance education and residential periods of intensive face-to-face teaching. Speak with Centrelink about this program when you put in your ABSTUDY application, or ask your training provider if they are part of the program.
Assistance for Isolated Children

Children living in remote areas can often face signicant problems attending school on a regular basis. The Assistance for Isolated Children (AIC) Scheme helps the families of primary, secondary, and certain tertiary students who cannot attend an appropriate state school on a daily basis because of geographical isolation. For information on eligibility and how to apply go to www.deewr.gov.au/schooling/AssistanceforIsolatedChildrenScheme.
Aged care nursing scholarships

Interested in pursuing a career as a registered Aged Care Nurse in regional Australia? The Aged Care Nursing Scholarship Scheme is an Australian Government initiative aimed at encouraging more people to enter aged care nursing and increasing the skills of nurses working in the aged care sector, particularly in rural and regional Australia. Preference is given to applicants living and working in regional, rural and remote areas, although applicants living in metropolitan areas with an aged care background may apply. For information on eligibility and how to apply go to www.rcna.org.au.
34
GUIDE TO THE JOBS PROSPECTS MATRIX

How do I use the Job Prospects Matrix?
In the Job Prospects Matrix, which starts on the next page, titles are arranged in alphabetical order and some are duplicated to make them easier to nd. For example, data for Carpenters and Joiners appear also as Joiners and Carpenters. Similar occupations may also be clustered together with their titles reversed, for example Mechanical Engineer will be listed under Engineer, Mechanical so it is adjacent to other Engineers to help you compare similar occupations. Descriptions of the data in each column of the Matrix are provided below.
Median Age
Data presented on age are the median age in years for workers in each occupation. That is, half the workers in the occupation are younger and half are older.
Full-time Employment Share

Information provided shows the proportion of workers in the occupation who work full-time. The information is based on the ABS denition of full-time, which is workers who usually work 35 hours or more per week.
Summary Job Prospects

The Job Prospects Matrix provides a rating for each occupation for the period to 201516. There are three ratings: above average, average and below average. Job Prospects just mean what are the chances of getting a job. It is important to note, though, that ratings are indicative and may vary from region to region and according to the skills and attributes of individual job seekers. Clearly, if you have high level skills in a particular eld your chances of getting a job in that occupation are better than they are for those who do not have relevant skills or experience. Do not be deterred from training or looking for work in occupations which have average or below average job prospects as there are opportunities in all occupations, and good candidates are always highly sought after. Summary Job Prospects ratings in the Matrix are based on several factors including recent and projected job growth, main employing industries, skill shortages, unemployment, job turnover and vacancy trends. Job Prospects ratings are based on labour market conditions expected over the next ve years. Job Outlook www.joboutlook.gov.au has more detailed information about Job Prospects for occupations, and a graph of key indicators for each occupation.
Earnings
Data on weekly earnings are before tax earnings for full-time employees in August 2009, and are obtained from the ABS publication Employee Earnings, Benets and Trade Union Membership (Cat. no. 6310.0). They are median earnings, which means that half the employees in the occupation earn less than the median weekly amount and half earn more. Earnings information is presented as deciles with the lowest earnings in the rst decile and the highest in the tenth (about 10% of occupations are in each decile). The median earnings are for all ages and levels of experience, so they are indicative only and cannot be used to determine what a worker will actually earn in a particular job.
Weekly Earningsdecile ranges

1 2 3 4 5 $669 $670-749 $750-804 $805-901 $902-999 6 7 8 9 10 $1000-1059 $1060-1236 $1237-1344 $1345-1563 $1564
Employment and Employment Change

The Employment column provides information about the number of people employed in Australia in November 2010 for each occupation. It relates to total employment so it includes both full-time and part-time workers. Employment Change shows the change in the number of people employed as well as the percentage change in employment over the ve years to November 2010.
Future Employment Change

Employment growth projections for the period to 201516 are based on several inputs: occupational employment projections prepared by Monash University; recent employment growth; future and actual industry employment growth; and qualitative information on occupational developments.
Future Employment Change (% per annum)

1 2 3 4 5 0.3 -0.2 to 1.4 1.5 to 2.3 2.4 to 3.3 3.4 Decline Relatively stable employment or slight growth Moderate growth Strong growth Very strong growth
Unemployment
The Unemployment Rate is the number of unemployed persons as a percentage of the labour force (employed plus unemployed). Unemployment is presented in ve categories: low, below average, average, above average and high. An occupation may have high unemployment but also be experiencing shortages for particular skills. This can occur when there is a geographic mismatch between workers with skills and employers who are seeking skills, but may also be a result of the skills held by unemployed people not matching those required by employers.
Gender
This column shows the proportion of those employed in the occupation who are female. Overall, females comprise 45% of employment in Australia.
35
Occupation
Job Prospects
Employt Employt Nov Change 5 years 2010 to Nov 2010 000 000
16.3 -1.1 -2.4 9.3 -1.2 2.7 3.3 4.3 2.6 2.8 1.4 -0.7 1.6 3.0 2.8 0.2 3.9 -0.2 -0.2 1.6 11.3 0.3 11.5 4.2 -0.2 1.3 -11.7 2.6 -1.9 -3.1 -4.2 5.8 -1.8 5.0 15.2 0.7 66.2 26.0 0.7 6.3 7.1 24.8 17.8 -2.8 -0.2 2.1 3.7 -5.3 -2.7 28.2 1.0 -2.3
Unemp 2010
%
11.5 -17.8 -33.3 23.1 -48.2 21.5 29.6 22.4 19.7 27.2 36.3 -5.7 7.4 5.2 64.1 4.7 89.3 -1.4 -3.2 21.5 49.0 0.5 17.4 19.3 -4.0 26.0 -8.7 7.8 -10.4 -10.0 -21.1 19.3 -44.0 32.0 21.7 34.9 102.7 29.0 17.6 5.5 71.1 20.3 30.7 -26.7 -6.7 1.3 13.8 -31.5 -24.8 25.1 29.8 -17.1 average above average low average low high low average average average low above average high below average average low low below average below average above average low above average average high low above average above average low below average above average high above average above average high high above average average low average above average below average average below average high above average below average average high high high above average average high average
F-T Median Future Gender Median Share of Earnings Employment Females Age Employt 2009 Change 2010 % years % decile
47 46 37 54 33 9 2 0 4 27 22 70 5 23 10 79 11 94 31 66 0 23 73 50 28 99 18 0 94 1 3 2 87 65 29 16 79 78 83 96 11 0 15 75 25 30 53 60 79 14 55 80 72 80 38 30 36 33 47 40 41 32 38 40 39 33 23 39 41 37 41 34 38 47 32 33 34 24 44 28 44 34 45 39 35 33 26 30 41 39 44 47 46 32 56 31 39 20 34 39 36 46 46 41 41 41 49 37 83 24 89 84 92 86 76 91 97 93 84 53 71 84 92 77 88 61 89 57 92 85 66 36 87 54 80 90 29 90 86 93 24 74 83 69 43 72 36 48 56 94 89 17 83 89 40 35 22 59 77 67 26 71 9 1 10 6 4 2 9 3 9 8 10 7 1 9 9 6 9 8 7 9 6 2 4 2 1 1 6 5 4 3 3 2 4 2 1 3 5 2 1 5 5 7 1 4 9 10 2 4 3 2 4 3 3
A
Accountants Actors, Dancers and Other Entertainers Actuaries, Mathematicians and Statisticians Advertising and Marketing Professionals Agricultural Technicians Agricultural, Forestry & Horticultural Operators Air Transport Professionals Airconditioning and Refrigeration Mechanics Aircraft Maintenance Engineers Ambulance Ofcers and Paramedics Anaesthetists Animal Attendants and Trainers Aquaculture Workers Architects and Landscape Architects Architectural, Building & Surveying Technicians Archivists, Curators and Records Managers Auctioneers and Stock and Station Agents Audiologists and Speech Pathologists Auditors and Company Secretaries Authors, and Book and Script Editors Automotive Electricians average average above average above average average above average above average above average above average above average above average average average above average above average above average average above average average average above average above average below average average above average above average below average below average average above average average average average average below average average above average above average above average above average average above average above average above average above average average above average average above average below average below average above average below average average 157.6 5.1 4.9 49.5 1.3 15.4 14.3 23.6 15.8 13.3 5.2 12.0 1.6 23.1 61.2 7.1 4.7 8.3 11.8 5.5 9.3 34.2 53.2 77.4 9.0 26.1 5.1 6.1 122.6 36.7 16.4 27.9 15.7 36.0 2.3 20.5 85.2 2.6 130.6 115.7 5.0 122.1 17.1 147.0 75.7 7.7 3.5 156.4 30.4 11.6 8.1 140.7 4.4 11.3
B
Bakers and Pastrycooks Bank Workers Bar Attendants and Baristas Barristers Beauty Therapists Binders, Finishers and Screen Printers Boat Builders and Shipwrights Bookkeepers Bricklayers and Stonemasons Butchers and Smallgoods Makers
C
Cabinetmakers Cafe Workers Call or Contact Centre Workers Canvas and Leather Goods Makers Car Detailers Care Workers, Personal and Nursing Support Care Workers, Special Carers, Aged and Disabled Carers, Child Caretakers Carpenters and Joiners Cartographers and Surveyors Checkout Operators and Ofce Cashiers Chefs Chemists, and Food and Wine Scientists Chiropractors and Osteopaths Cleaners, Commercial Cleaners, Domestic Cleaners, Other Clerical and Ofce Support Workers, Other Clerks, Accounting Clerks, Betting Clerks, Court and Legal
Decline
Remain relatively stable
Moderate
Strong
Very strong
36

75 84 62 69 67 85 43 31 77 0 74 11 1 77 55 78 54 78 16 1 53 46 60 4 96 37 37 96 41 38 97 4 6 13 10 3 8 3 26 27 14 80 90 1 1 3 10 14 9 11 5 4 38 42 43 35 37 43 39 41 52 43 48 36 34 31 42 33 37 47 45 41 37 30 36 38 29 36 46 29 36 35 54 39 45 55 38 40 48 46 50 36 42 49 46 41 33 36 42 37 45 47 44 42 58 63 83 73 77 68 86 85 58 100 35 95 84 76 87 74 55 63 78 97 89 24 85 82 56 76 66 57 81 83 49 98 69 68 62 92 95 91 51 84 89 76 24 97 94 84 96 89 91 90 90 95 3 5 6 4 5 5 5 6 2 10 1 9 6 5 8 5 2 6 4 9 6 1 4 7 2 3 10 4 3 5 2 10 3 4 3 4 8 6 1 10 10 8 1 8 7 6 10 9 9 5 10 6
Occupation
Job Prospects
3.5 78.8 5.9 -9.5 3.6 4.1 -0.5 1.8 -3.0 -0.1 -0.3 4.3 5.6 9.3 47.9 1.2 1.1 2.0 11.3 1.5 -0.6 -1.1 1.4 1.4 1.4 0.8 -0.1 -0.8 2.5 4.7 15.7 -1.9 5.1 4.1 4.7 2.2 9.6 1.0 3.1 -4.6 -1.3 4.4 4.4 46.7 3.9 13.4 4.9 1.7 -3.3 1.8 -7.6
Unemp 2010
%
16.9 70.1 70.7 -14.0 14.2 13.1 -0.6 5.3 -26.8 -8.6 -3.7 21.1 17.0 72.3 85.7 12.4 3.1 13.5 28.6 11.8 -2.3 -17.8 12.5 19.8 7.0 16.0 -1.0 -17.6 26.8 53.4 56.5 -5.5 17.8 10.6 7.9 24.2 6.1 21.3 77.3 -37.3 -10.8 7.4 65.8 44.7 10.6 127.7 56.5 20.1 -41.5 29.6 -24.0 above average average below average high average average average average average low below average below average high low above average above average high below average above average high below average above average below average above average below average below average low low below average below average low below average above average average high high low above average average above average low below average average low below average above average average average low low average average
Clerks, Filing and Registry Clerks, General Clerks, Human Resource Clerks, Inquiry Clerks, Insurance, Money Market and Statistical Clerks, Payroll Clerks, Purchasing and Supply Logistics Clerks, Transport and Despatch Clothing Trades Workers Commissioned Ofcers (Management) Complementary Health Therapists Computer Network Professionals Concreters Conference and Event Organisers Contract, Program and Project Administrators Conveyancers and Legal Executives Cooks Counsellors Couriers and Postal Deliverers Crane, Hoist and Lift Operators Credit and Loans Ofcers
average above average above average below average average average average average below average average above average above average above average above average above average above average above average above average above average above average average average average average above average above average above average above average average below average above average above average above average above average above average average above average above average average above average below average average above average above average above average average above average above average above average below average above average below average
24.5 191.2 14.3 58.1 29.0 34.9 84.1 35.7 8.2 1.2 7.0 24.4 38.2 22.2 103.8 10.5 36.0 16.9 50.9 13.9 27.4 5.1 12.8 8.6 20.5 5.8 11.2 3.8 11.8 13.6 6.8 43.5 32.6 33.6 42.5 63.5 11.1 166.0 5.8 7.1 7.8 10.6 64.6 11.2 151.2 40.2 23.8 13.6 9.9 4.7 7.7 24.2
D
Dancers, Actors and Other Entertainers Debt Collectors Deck and Fishing Hands Dental Assistants Dental Hygienists, Technicians and Therapists Dental Practitioners Dietitians Directors (Film, Television, Radio and Stage) Directors, Artistic, and Media Producers & Presenters Diversional Therapists Drillers, Miners and Shot Firers Drivers, Automobile Drivers, Bus and Coach Drivers, Delivery Drivers, Forklift Drivers, Train and Tram Drivers, Truck Driving Instructors
E
Economists Economists, Land and Valuers Education Advisers and Reviewers Education Aides Electrical Distribution Trades Workers Electricians Electronics Trades Workers Engineering and Building Technicians, Other Engineering Draftspersons and Technicians, Civil Engineering Draftspersons and Technicians, Electrical Engineering Draftspersons and Technicians, Electronic Engineering Draftspersons and Technicians, Mechanical Engineering Production Systems Workers
Decline
Moderate
Strong
Very strong
37
Occupation
Job Prospects
11.9 -0.1 1.9 2.5 4.6 1.0 1.1 8.1 9.1 9.3 -0.3 14.2 -4.6 -7.3 3.7 -0.7 3.3 1.3 -5.4 10.3 3.9 2.2 8.9 3.1 -1.9 -13.3 -2.6 5.0 6.1 -2.7 -0.4 -0.5 1.0 3.8 2.3 2.3 0.9 4.2 -0.3 3.0 13.5 -2.1 2.1 1.0 1.0 -0.5 3.0 4.6 13.0
Unemp 2010
%
31.4 -1.0 22.9 56.7 32.2 17.6 3.8 157.2 62.7 72.3 -2.4 60.8 -55.3 -20.6 14.0 -17.2 40.5 66.2 -10.1 10.9 10.2 30.3 40.4 33.1 -8.2 -50.2 -6.7 50.3 36.7 -23.5 -5.8 -9.7 48.8 25.7 87.8 37.6 10.1 6.9 -4.2 44.1 34.9 -36.9 14.9 15.0 1.9 -1.5 63.5 22.7 30.0 average low average low below average high below average average average low low high above average high high above average low above average low below average low low above average high above average below average below average above average low below average above average high high high high average low average above average high above average average low above average average low average average average above average high average
13 13 11 16 3 0 23 3 16 38 77 22 24 26 28 36 33 5 34 19 31 23 60 32 2 26 31 30 3 57 1 96 51 7 2 57 88 44 12 15 1 47 33 3 53 18 86 4 81 65 85 69 37 36 41 36 37 44 37 39 35 42 31 34 40 37 37 35 44 42 50 51 57 54 38 18 39 42 40 38 44 33 37 42 37 44 36 47 50 31 37 41 35 34 39 41 42 28 30 50 41 30 43 33 90 90 94 90 98 87 96 92 89 88 76 65 85 89 68 60 68 87 84 83 77 84 81 16 84 92 83 89 97 31 87 65 24 90 79 83 41 75 74 91 93 74 77 83 41 75 61 62 72 77 34 85 9 9 8 8 10 10 8 10 10 9 5 4 4 4 2 2 7 4 3 4 3 10 1 1 9 8 10 8 7 4 1 2 2 6 4 5 4 3 10 5 7 1 3 3 1 1 3 9 3 2 7
Engineering Professionals, Civil Engineering Professionals, Other Engineers, Chemical and Materials Engineers, Electrical Engineers, Electronics Engineers, ICT Support and Test Engineers, Mining Environmental & Occupational Health Professionals Event and Conference Organisers
above average average above average above average above average above average above average above average above average below average average below average average average average average average average average average below average average average average below average average above average above average average average below average below average average above average average average above average above average above average above average below average average average above average above average average above average above average average above average
49.8 9.2 10.0 7.0 18.9 6.4 7.9 29.5 13.2 23.7 22.2 12.1 37.6 3.8 28.0 30.2 3.4 11.4 3.4 47.7 105.1 42.2 9.5 31.0 12.6 20.8 13.2 36.1 15.0 22.8 8.7 5.7 4.2 2.9 18.8 5.0 8.5 9.9 65.2 7.7 9.9 52.2 3.6 16.0 7.6 2.9 55.3 35.6 7.6 10.6 24.7 56.6
Engineering Professionals, Telecommunications above average
Engineers, Industrial, Mechanical and Production above average
F
Factory Process Workers, Other Factory Workers, Food and Drink Factory Workers, Plastics and Rubber Farm Workers, Crop Farm Workers, Livestock Farm Workers, Mixed Crop and Livestock Farm, Forestry and Garden Workers, Other Farmers, Aquaculture Farmers, Crop Farmers, Livestock Farmers, Mixed Crop and Livestock Fashion, Industrial and Jewellery Designers Fast Food Cooks Fencers Financial Brokers Financial Dealers Financial Investment Advisers and Managers Fire and Emergency Workers Fitness Instructors Floor Finishers Florists Food Trades Assistants Forestry and Logging Workers Freight and Furniture Handlers Funeral Workers
G
Gallery, Library and Museum Technicians Gaming Workers Gardeners Geologists and Geophysicists Glaziers Graphic and Web Designers, and Illustrators Graphic Pre-press Trades Workers Greenkeepers Guides, Gallery, Museum and Tour Guides, Outdoor Adventure
H
Hairdressers Handypersons Health Diagnostic and Promotion Professionals, Other Hotel Service Managers Housekeepers Human Resource Professionals
Decline
Moderate
Strong
Very strong
38

25 26 25 23 19 55 20 97 4 56 53 2 61 23 51 70 34 35 0 47 84 58 1 13 2 0 23 74 29 78 81 89 0 29 8 9 29 51 40 31 36 53 42 38 91 4 63 7 40 25 39 37 37 37 33 45 47 40 37 35 41 36 35 41 40 38 37 44 31 37 40 25 32 42 30 40 39 49 41 33 50 48 42 36 43 41 42 45 40 41 40 42 40 55 38 43 47 43 44 45 94 94 88 96 86 59 86 98 93 83 86 87 77 90 80 63 84 63 94 73 58 23 82 68 91 95 84 52 83 74 69 32 96 69 95 94 92 63 84 93 84 79 92 90 75 95 80 97 89 91 10 7 8 8 6 8 6 3 8 6 4 7 6 9 8 10 7 5 7 3 2 5 2 7 4 9 1 2 5 8 2 3 4 5 3 3 10 9 4 3 5 1 6 9 7 10 10 9
Occupation
Job Prospects
3.7 7.7 3.8 7.0 -1.4 5.3 2.6 7.2 9.7 4.2 4.0 -1.2 0.2 1.6 -0.2 0.2 6.3 2.7 -11.7 21.1 7.4 8.0 0.1 1.8 1.6 3.1 -1.8 1.2 1.2 -3.5 -2.2 1.4 0.5 -1.3 -3.1 1.7 9.2 -7.9 2.7 12.4 -0.2 -1.7 0.8 33.0 -3.3 2.7 2.3 2.0
Unemp 2010
%
16.4 93.5 13.4 17.5 -34.6 27.8 45.5 65.9 36.9 24.1 39.7 -18.9 1.4 22.4 -3.1 3.8 5.5 13.5 -12.8 22.2 15.1 22.5 1.9 23.6 7.4 18.9 -44.0 12.4 9.2 -38.1 -47.6 11.6 6.6 -11.4 -59.9 11.3 23.6 -6.2 30.7 23.4 -0.6 -35.8 10.7 67.2 -35.2 20.9 5.2 5.0 below average above average below average below average above average average low low high average average high below average low low average low low average average above average high high high high high below average average high above average low high below average above average average high high high average below average below average above average below average high above average below average low below average below average below average
I
ICT Business and Systems Analysts ICT Sales Professionals ICT Security and Database & Systems Administrators ICT Support and Test Engineers ICT Support Technicians ICT Trainers Importers, Exporters and Wholesalers Indigenous Health Workers Industrial Spraypainters Information and Organisation Professionals, Other Inspectors and Regulatory Ofcers Insulation and Home Improvement Installers Insurance Agents Insurance Investigators and Loss Adjusters Intelligence and Policy Analysts Interior Designers Internal Medicine Specialists above average average above average above average above average below average average average average average average average above average average above average above average above average average above average average below average average above average average above average average above average average below average above average average below average below average below average below average below average below average below average above average above average average average below average below average above average above average average above average average average 26.3 16.0 32.5 7.9 46.8 2.7 24.3 0.1 8.4 18.2 35.9 21.6 14.2 5.3 15.4 9.0 5.4 6.4 122.1 22.9 79.8 116.0 56.4 43.4 7.7 9.3 23.1 19.6 2.3 10.5 14.7 5.7 2.5 13.2 8.2 10.2 2.1 16.4 48.1 119.2 11.5 65.3 35.4 3.0 7.9 82.0 6.1 15.5 46.1 42.1
J
Jewellers Joiners and Carpenters Journalists and Other Writers
K
Keyboard Operators Kitchenhands
L
Labourers, Building and Plumbing Labourers, Garden and Nursery Labourers, Other Construction and Mining Labourers, Paving and Surfacing Landscape Architects and Architects Laundry Workers Leather and Canvas Goods Makers Legal Executives and Conveyancers Librarians Library Assistants
M
Machine Operators, Clay Concrete, Glass & Stone Machine Operators, Other Machine Operators, Paper and Wood Processing Machine Operators, Plastics and Rubber Production Machine Operators, Textile and Footwear Production Mail Sorters Management and Organisation Analysts Managers, Advertising and Sales Managers, Amusement, Fitness and Sports Centre Managers, Cafe and Restaurant Managers, Call, Contact Centre and Customer Service Managers, Caravan Park and Camping Ground Managers, Child Care Centre Managers, Construction Managers, Corporate Services Managers, Engineering Managers, Finance Managers, General
Decline
Moderate
Strong
Very strong
39
Occupation
Job Prospects
5.3 8.5 -0.1 1.0 -2.6 -1.3 -3.5 20.5 6.5 7.9 10.5 1.4 40.7 1.6 3.8 -2.2 1.8 14.3 -0.4 1.0 5.7 -2.4 2.9 4.7 1.1 10.8 3.6 10.2 -1.4 1.6 3.7 -0.9 15.7 1.9 -0.3 4.4 7.2 -7.0 2.7 -2.5 -3.9 37.7 15.2
Unemp 2010
%
40.7 23.7 -0.3 16.7 -1.9 -17.1 -31.6 43.3 20.1 47.7 21.5 12.4 20.6 6.2 21.0 -9.8 16.3 31.1 -1.6 15.2 57.6 -33.3 23.6 53.4 9.0 28.3 42.0 57.7 -44.2 1.5 62.3 -6.4 56.5 14.7 -2.8 4.7 57.8 -51.6 73.4 -7.3 -58.3 21.4 21.7 low below average below average below average low below average low below average low average low below average low average low low below average above average below average below average low below average low above average below average low low low below average high average average low below average low low below average below average below average above average below average low low high low average
73 53 21 40 84 81 53 59 29 33 50 14 46 46 17 14 39 92 17 13 4 71 37 9 38 66 45 35 83 0 1 4 100 4 29 89 1 0 18 27 97 84 90 29 91 79 50 43 41 40 49 44 56 52 44 45 47 44 42 40 43 48 41 46 51 45 44 42 36 32 35 36 42 43 41 41 38 40 46 39 48 45 36 30 30 37 44 49 46 47 44 44 91 90 94 91 81 67 62 87 88 89 87 94 87 85 96 91 89 57 90 88 92 24 89 93 83 81 81 78 53 73 97 87 37 98 75 22 92 93 87 37 45 81 47 74 55 43 8 10 10 5 10 5 7 9 8 10 10 9 10 4 9 6 7 9 10 4 10 1 10 5 5 8 10 10 4 5 7 6 8 10 2 3 3 3 6 1 2 10 5 2 7 3
Managers, Health and Welfare Services Managers, Human Resource Managers, ICT Managers, Licensed Club Managers, Nursing Managers, Ofce Managers, Other Accommodation and Hospitality Managers, Other Education Managers, Other Hospitality, Retail and Service Managers, Other Specialist Managers, Policy and Planning Managers, Production Managers, Research and Development Managers, Retail Managers, Supply and Distribution Managers, Transport Services Managers,. Hotel and Motel Managers, Practice Managing Directors and Chief Executives Manufacturers Marine Transport Professionals Massage Therapists Mathematicians, Statisticians and Actuaries Meat Boners and Slicers, and Slaughterers Media Producers & Presenters, and Artistic Directors Medical Imaging Professionals Medical Practitioners, General Medical Practitioners, Other Medical Technicians Metal Casting, Forging & Finishing Trades Metal Fitters and Machinists Metal Trades Workers, Precision Midwives Miners, Drillers and Shot Firers Ministers of Religion Models and Sales Demonstrators Motor Mechanics Motor Vehicle Parts and Accessories Fitters Multimedia Specialists and Web Developers Music Professionals
above average above average above average below average above average average below average average above average average above average average average average below average above average average above average above average below average above average above average above average below average below average above average above average above average above average below average average average above average above average average below average above average average above average below average above average above average above average below average above average above average
18.4 44.6 41.9 6.7 14.7 134.5 6.4 7.5 68.0 38.7 24.5 59.3 12.3 238.6 26.8 22.1 20.1 13.0 60.0 25.0 7.7 15.6 4.9 15.2 13.6 13.4 49.0 12.2 28.0 1.8 105.0 9.6 12.9 43.5 15.0 9.9 98.0 19.5 10.8 6.5 6.4 14.7 31.3 2.8 214.0 85.2
N
Nurse Educators and Researchers Nurse Managers Nurse, Enrolled and Mothercraft Nurserypersons Nurses, Registered Nursing Support and Personal Care Workers
O
Occupational & Environmental Health Professionals Occupational Therapists Optometrists and Orthoptists Osteopaths and Chiropractors above average above average above average above average below average average above average above average 23.7 10.2 3.3 3.5 62.3 43.7 15.3 13.3 9.1 3.2 0.4 -0.2 -14.8 -1.0 -1.7 2.8 62.7 45.7 12.6 -6.7 -19.2 -2.2 -10.1 27.2 low low above average average high above average above average average 38 89 60 53 57 5 1 27 42 33 38 36 38 41 35 40 88 59 54 40 64 86 90 93 9 6 5 10 3 7 5 8
P
Packers Painting Trades Workers Panelbeaters Paramedics and Ambulance Ofcers
Decline
Moderate
Strong
Very strong
40

23 21 98 75 71 57 29 81 61 38 0 2 5 8 1 0 60 21 51 16 36 15 81 30 21 25 4 8 27 39 66 75 62 3 46 95 15 41 57 4 70 49 32 91 26 38 29 32 16 50 68 59 18 47 30 40 33 35 40 49 45 37 42 38 40 41 46 43 38 45 35 34 32 37 40 45 42 40 38 42 41 36 41 32 40 43 45 45 36 45 42 40 40 34 32 52 24 36 27 26 37 39 41 34 36 45 31 52 38 39 42 37 85 74 81 19 44 69 69 37 74 87 98 95 86 94 91 93 84 96 80 78 74 91 37 69 94 91 92 85 87 84 65 59 78 98 84 51 63 93 75 85 28 52 69 31 94 87 93 67 91 47 58 99 87 77 83 87 2 7 5 1 4 9 1 1 8 9 10 7 6 8 7 6 8 9 4 9 4 1 2 7 3 4 2 3 5 7 9 4 2 3 5 3 7 2 4 5 1 7 6 8 1 5 2 5 10 9 6 6 8
Occupation
Job Prospects
11.3 -1.3 -17.7 0.1 3.7 5.7 2.8 -2.5 7.5 0.3 -1.5 11.3 2.3 2.5 8.0 22.5 -0.1 7.2 0.2 11.3 0.5 3.0 -2.5 -1.3 1.3 0.6 -4.7 -3.4 -14.7 2.8 -0.4 10.1 2.0 27.1 8.8 -2.1 1.9 10.3 -2.6 16.0 3.8 3.2 7.7 1.7 14.3 3.1 -2.2 -2.0 -4.3 4.6 -5.4 -1.6 6.6
Unemp 2010
%
49.0 -10.4 -25.1 1.4 55.9 38.1 35.4 -61.3 48.4 2.9 -15.7 25.1 25.3 12.8 26.4 32.3 -3.0 13.5 1.4 28.6 13.1 21.8 -61.3 -15.6 11.2 4.0 -24.9 -32.9 -30.1 17.5 -16.4 77.0 10.0 41.4 5.0 -49.4 25.2 34.2 -47.9 3.1 23.2 9.5 93.5 1.6 70.2 9.7 -15.8 -12.1 -19.7 85.1 -28.4 -20.9 42.0 above average above average below average low above average below average high high low low average above average above average below average above average average low low low above average low average high high low high high high high high low low below average average below average above average below average low average high high above average above average above average above average above average average low average high average low below average below average average low
Pastrycooks and Bakers Performing Arts Technicians Personal Assistants Personal Care Consultants Personal Service Workers, Other Pharmacists Photographers Photographic Developers and Printers Physiotherapists Planners, Urban and Regional Plant Operators, Chemical, Gas, Petroleum and Power Plant Operators, Earthmoving Plant Operators, Other Mobile Plant Operators, Other Stationary Plasterers Plumbers Podiatrists Police Policy and Intelligence Analysts Postal Deliverers and Couriers Primary Products Inspectors Printers Printers and Photographic Developers Printing Assistants and Table Workers Prison Ofcers Process Workers, Meat, Poultry and Seafood Process Workers, Metal Engineering Process Workers, Timber and Wood Product Assemblers Product Quality Controllers Psychiatrists Psychologists Public Relations Professionals
above average below average below average average average above average average below average above average average average above average above average above average above average above average above average average above average above average below average below average below average below average average below average below average below average below average below average above average above average above average above average above average average average average above average below average above average above average above average above average average above average above average average average below average average average above average below average average above average
34.2 11.2 52.7 4.3 10.4 20.5 10.9 1.6 22.9 11.5 7.8 56.2 11.5 21.6 38.2 92.2 2.1 60.3 15.4 50.9 4.4 16.9 1.6 7.0 12.8 15.1 14.2 6.9 34.1 18.7 1.9 23.3 21.6 8.2 92.6 183.6 2.2 9.5 40.4 2.8 527.8 17.7 20.1 36.4 16.0 105.4 34.6 4.3 35.1 11.8 14.9 17.8 10.0 13.5 6.0 22.3
R
Railway Track Workers Real Estate Sales Agents Receptionists Recycling and Rubbish Collectors Retail and Wool Buyers Retail Supervisors
S
Safety Inspectors Sales Assistants, (General) Sales Assistants and Salespersons, Other Sales Assistants, ICT Sales Assistants, Pharmacy Sales Professionals, ICT Sales Representatives Sales Representatives, Technical Sales Support Workers, Other Salespersons, Motor Vehicle and Vehicle Parts Salespersons, Street Vendors and Related Salespersons, Ticket School Principals Science Professionals, Other Natural and Physical Science Technicians Scientists, Agricultural and Forestry Scientists, Environmental
Decline
Moderate
Strong
Very strong
41
Occupation
Job Prospects
-2.8 3.2 4.7 -0.2 -49.5 2.4 -0.8 -0.9 -2.1 3.5 -3.7 -1.6 2.9 8.6 -6.8 22.4 3.9 -0.5 1.2 2.6 18.4 13.2 -1.1 1.5 1.4 7.1 -3.6
Unemp 2010
%
-26.7 48.0 28.6 -4.0 -42.0 4.9 -7.3 -5.9 -32.9 47.0 -5.0 -22.5 28.7 67.0 -8.8 55.2 89.3 -1.7 14.7 7.8 21.0 18.9 -6.3 32.0 46.1 71.1 -40.4 below average low low above average average high high average low above average high high above average below average average below average below average above average above average above average high above average high low high below average high
30 52 67 18 98 19 41 88 0 2 42 11 74 82 16 49 94 46 27 1 18 1 1 16 70 15 84 39 37 38 44 45 41 29 51 40 36 22 41 48 42 37 38 34 25 23 39 38 36 34 41 28 39 48 89 78 81 80 46 74 35 67 94 98 23 88 52 69 93 88 61 27 59 90 79 95 92 83 29 89 56 9 6 8 1 4 6 2 1 6 5 2 2 8 8 9 10 8 3 1 4 3 5 7 10 1 7 2
Scientists, Food and Wine, and Chemists Scientists, Life Scientists, Medical Laboratory Screen Printers and Binders & Finishers Secretaries Security Ofcers and Guards Service Station Attendants Sewing Machinists Shearers Sheetmetal Trades Workers Shelf Fillers Signwriters Social Professionals Social Workers Software and Applications Programmers Solicitors Speech Professionals and Audiologists Sports Coaches, Instructors and Ofcials Sportspersons Stonemasons and Bricklayers Storepersons Structural Steel and Welding Trades Workers Structural Steel Construction Workers Surgeons Survey Interviewers Surveyors and Cartographers Switchboard Operators
average above average above average below average below average average average below average average above average average below average above average above average above average above average above average average average above average above average above average above average above average above average above average below average
7.7 10.0 21.2 5.1 68.5 52.5 9.8 13.8 4.2 11.0 70.8 5.4 12.8 21.5 70.0 63.0 8.3 27.5 9.5 36.7 106.0 82.8 16.1 6.1 4.5 17.1 5.3
T
Teachers of English to Speakers of Other Languages Teachers, Early Childhood (Pre-primary School) Teachers, Middle School Teachers, Primary School Teachers, Secondary School Teachers, Special Education Teachers, Vocational Education Technicians and Draftspersons, Civil Engineering Technicians and Draftspersons, Electrical Engineering Technicians and Draftspersons, Electronic Engineering Technicians and Draftspersons, Mechanical Engineering Technicians, Agricultural Technicians, Architectural, Building and Surveying Technicians, Gallery, Library and Museum Technicians, ICT Support Technicians, Medical Technicians, Other Building and Engineering Technicians, Science Telecommunications Technical Specialists Telecommunications Trades Workers Telemarketers Tilers, Roof Tilers, Wall and Floor Toolmakers and Engineering Patternmakers Tourism and Travel Advisers Trainers, ICT Training and Development Professionals Transport Professionals, Air above average above average above average above average above average above average above average above average above average below average above average average above average average above average above average above average below average above average average below average average above average below average average below average above average above average 6.2 23.0 1.7 153.4 156.1 15.8 36.9 13.6 9.9 4.7 7.7 1.3 61.2 8.5 46.8 28.0 23.8 13.5 4.1 22.3 10.5 7.6 21.0 5.5 25.3 2.7 27.5 14.3 0.0 5.1 12.7 13.3 2.7 4.4 4.9 1.7 -3.3 1.8 -1.2 3.0 2.3 7.0 10.2 13.4 -5.4 0.7 -2.5 -6.3 -2.7 4.3 -2.2 5.1 -1.4 5.7 3.3 0.4 28.2 9.1 9.3 20.2 13.7 56.5 20.1 -41.5 29.6 -48.2 5.2 37.6 17.5 57.7 127.7 -28.4 21.6 -10.1 -37.6 -26.3 25.4 -28.7 25.3 -34.6 26.3 29.6 above average below average low low below average above average below average average low low average low average low above average below average average below average low above average high below average high average average average low low 68 99 61 84 62 86 54 14 9 11 5 33 10 88 19 83 10 47 19 5 63 0 1 0 78 55 65 2 45 38 43 41 44 48 48 37 45 47 44 47 41 50 33 41 42 39 46 41 27 34 35 44 34 45 42 41 41 55 81 68 82 53 62 89 91 90 90 92 92 41 86 53 96 77 98 90 49 95 84 91 82 59 79 76 9 7 8 8 8 8 9 9 5 10 4 9 5 6 4 10 6 9 6 3 3 3 8 8 9
Decline
Moderate
Strong
Very strong
42

4 78 69 48 14 14 2 5 70 42 92 60 93 77 18 1 73 79 13 44 35 40 48 47 42 37 35 35 37 30 52 38 21 30 36 45 45 45 92 65 23 68 72 89 91 96 43 81 44 47 33 23 87 95 69 77 79 10 7 9 9 3 10 1 4 5 7 2 1 3 2 6 5 4 6 2
Occupation
Job Prospects
1.0 2.9 9.5 8.7 -0.5 -4.6 -1.5 1.1 -0.5 2.9 -0.3 -1.9 2.2 21.9 13.2 12.5 3.4 -1.2
Unemp 2010
%
15.2 29.4 37.7 20.2 -14.2 -37.3 -26.5 10.8 -9.3 45.5 -4.5 -17.9 40.9 21.8 18.9 30.6 19.7 -15.0 low average below average above average above average low low below average low low low above average above average high below average above average average above average high
Transport Professionals, Marine Travel Attendants Tutors and Teachers, Private
above average average above average above average below average below average average average below average above average average below average average above average above average above average above average above average below average
7.7 12.9 34.6 51.8 2.9 7.8 4.1 11.4 4.9 9.3 5.9 8.5 7.4 122.0 10.8 82.8 53.3 20.7 6.9
U
University Lecturers and Tutors Upholsterers
V
Valuers and Land Economists Vehicle Body Builders and Trimmers Vehicle Painters Vending Machine Attendants Veterinarians Veterinary Nurses Visual Arts and Crafts Professionals Visual Merchandisers
W
Waiters Web Developers and Multimedia Specialists Welding Trades and Structural Steel Workers Welfare Support Workers Welfare, Recreation and Community Arts Workers Wood Machinists and Other Wood Trades Workers
Decline
Moderate
Strong
Very strong
AUSTRALIAN JOBS 2011 DATA SOURCES

Data in Australian Jobs 2011 are based on the following sources.
Australian Bureau of Statistics

ABS Labour Force, Australia (Cat. no. 6202.0) Labour Force, Australia, Detailed - Electronic Delivery (Cat. no. 6291.0.55.001) Labour Force, Australia, Detailed, Quarterly (Cat. no. 6291.0.55.003) For many small occupations, standard errors are large relative to the size of the employment estimates. Although trend data are used for employment estimates, employment growth trends are variable for small occupations and should be used with caution. For consistency, throughout the publication, employment data at the national and state level have been presented in trend terms. However, employment data at the regional level are in original, 12 month or 4 quarter average terms. The terms regional, non-metropolitan and outside the state capital cities have been used interchangeably throughout the publication. This is comprised of the Balance of New South Wales, the Balance of Victoria, the Balance of Queensland, the Balance of South Australia, the Balance of Western Australia, the Balance of Tasmania, the Northern Territory and the Australian Capital Territory. Boundaries are based on the 2006 Australian Standard Geographic Classication (ASGC) (Cat. no. 1216.0). In simple terms, in this publication, all of the Australian Capital Territory and the Northern Territory as well as any other area outside the state capital cities is considered to be a regional area. ABS Census of Population and Housing, 2006 ABS Education and Work (Cat. no. 6227.0) Educational attainment data from the 2010 Survey of Education and Work is only available at the state and national level. For regional areas, data from the 2006 Census are the only available source of data on educational
attainment. Accordingly, readers should not directly compare data at the state level to data at the regional level. Educational attainment data refer only to persons aged 15-64. ABS Employee Earnings, Benets and Trade Union Membership (Cat. no. 6310.0) ABS Education and Training Experience, 2009 (Cat. no 6278.0)
Department of Education, Employment and Workplace Relations

Employment projections based on actual employment trends, economic trends and prospects, economic models, including Access Economics and the Centre of Policy Studies at Monash University, and current and prospective industry developments. DEEWR Higher Education Statistics
Graduate Careers Australia

GradStats, various issues Grad Careers & Dollars
National Centre for Vocational Education Research (NCVER)

Student Outcomes Apprentices and Trainees Collection Miscellaneous statistics from the NCVER website
43
ISSN 1832-7230

Australian Jobs

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Australian Jobs

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2011

National, state and territory labour markets

HOW CAN I USE AUSTRALIAN JOBS 2011?

Occupations and skills

Job Prospects Matrix

Inquiries about Australian Jobs should be directed to AustralianJobs@deewr.gov.au

www.myfuture.edu.au get the facts and personalise your careers exploration.

AUSTRALIAN JOBS 2011

AUSTRALIAN JOBS 2011

National, state and territory labour markets

LABOUR MARKET OVERVIEW

Source: ABS Labour Force Survey, trend data

Interesting facts about regional labour markets

The global recession and the labour market

Recovery from the global recession

AUSTRALIAN JOBS 2011

National, state and territory labour markets

Capital cities and regional areas

Employment by state, city and region

AUSTRALIAN JOBS 2011

National, state and territory labour markets

NEW SOUTH WALES

Regional New South Wales

Employment by Region, Nov 2010 (% of total)

Employment Growth, Year to Nov 2010 (%)

Population and Employment

AUSTRALIAN JOBS 2011

National, state and territory labour markets

Employment by Region, Nov 2010 (% of total)

Employment Growth, Year to Nov 2010 (%)

Population and Employment

Certicate III/IV or higher VET qual (%) 3 25 30 29 29 30 32 28 4

No postschool qual (%) 3 39 45 46 47 48 46 38 4

3995.5 391.4 206.5 278.4 310.0 261.5 5443.2

2.4 1.8 1.7 1.5 1.1 1.9 2.1

4.0 0.2 -3.3 2.5 5.9 10.9 3.5

AUSTRALIAN JOBS 2011

National, state and territory labour markets

Employment by Region, Nov 2010 (% of total)

Employment Growth, Year to Nov 2010 (%)

Population and Employment

AUSTRALIAN JOBS 2011

National, state and territory labour markets

Regional South Australia

Employment by Region, Nov 2010 (% of total)

Employment Growth, Year to Nov 2010 (%)

Population and Employment

AUSTRALIAN JOBS 2011

National, state and territory labour markets

Regional Western Australia

Employment by Region, Nov 2010 (% of total)

Employment Growth, Year to Nov 2010 (%)

Population and Employment

Nov 2010 (000) 2 907.7 160.0 142.2 1225.9

% of total2 75.0 13.2 11.8 100.0

AUSTRALIAN JOBS 2011

National, state and territory labour markets

Employment by Region, Nov 2010 (% of total)

Employment Growth, Year to Nov 2010 (%)

Population and Employment

AUSTRALIAN JOBS 2011

National, state and territory labour markets

AUSTRALIAN CAPITAL TERRITORY