Objective: To study and performance test of a refrigerator unit

Specifications:
Model Type of Refrigerant Power Input Type of Transducer used for measuring temperature Compressor type Subcooling availability Super heating availability RNP 3000F R12 AC 400V, 50Hz, 3 Phase T type thermocouple Reciprocating YES YES

P-h Diagram:

Schematic Drawing:

DATA COLLECTION SHEET: Table 1

Point Temperature (C) 22.7 10 1 6.8 3.8 -4.0 22.6 12.8 1 7.3 9.1 -2.0 67 65 2 64 65 62 34 35.4 3 34.8 35 34.7 28 3 30 33 0.21 0.2 0.18 0.16 0.15 1.0 1.02 1.05 1.01 1.04 1.0 1.02 1.05 1.01 1.04 1.0 1.02 1.05 Pressure (MPa) Enthalpy (kJ/kg) 362 357 356 354 351 368 362 358 360 352 388 386 385 386 384 234 235 235 235 235 228 230 233

29 34

1.01 1.04 0.21 0.2

229 234 228 230 233 229 234

0.18 0.16 0.15

Table 2
Refrigerant No of Obs Desnity at Condenser Outlet (kg/m3) 1 2 3 4 5 1280 1273 1276 1275 1276 0.75 57.60 0.9 68.74 0.7 53.59 0.75 57.38 0.8 61.25 Suction SpecificVolume (m3/kg) 0.083 0.091 0.1 0.125 0.125 Flow Rate (kg/s) 0.28 0.28 0.28 0.28 0.28 Water Temperature (C) Inlet 20 23.3 22.3 23.2 23 Outlet 21.8 25.8 24.9 26.1 27.6

L/min kg/hr

Table 3
No of Obs Volumetric Efficiency v (%) 1 2 3 4 5 61.27 80.01 68.28 91.20 97.16 Heat Rejection Capacity Based on Cooling Water (kW) 2.11 2.93 3.05 3.40 5.39 Based on Enthalpy of Refrigerant (kW) 2.46 2.88 2.23 2.41 2.53 Refrigeration COP kW/ton effect

2.24 2.52 1.86 2.09 2.01

6.70 0.21 5.29 0.19 4.56 0.24 4.81 0.21 3.66 0.21

Sample Calculation:
Observation No: 02 1. Flow rate of refrigeration:

2. Volumetric efficiency of the compressor:

3. Heat rejection capacity of condenser: (a) Based on heat extracted by condenser cooling water: ( ) ( )

(b) Based on enthalpy of refrigerant: ( ) ( )

4. Refrigeration effect: ( ) ( )

5. Coefficient of performance:

6. kW/ton:

Question Answer:

a) What is the type of compressor? The compressor was reciprocating, open type, and vertical.

b) What is the type of condenser? The condenser was water cooled shell and tube type.

c) What is a solenoid valve and why is it used? Solenoid valve is simply an electro magnet with a movable core. The basic construction of an electrical solenoid valve moveable armature. A coil is around the valve housing which contain the armature. In refrigerant units it is necessary to automatically block or release refrigerant circuit. A solenoid valve frequently serves this purpose. More over it is trouble-free to install and control.

d) What is the purpose of using a slight glass? The sight glass is used to see the refrigerant flow and to visualize its conditions. e) Why liquid to suction gas heat exchanger is used? The reasons are that: The Vapor entering the compressor must be superheated to ensure no liquid enters the compressor, because liquid may cause pitting or other damage to the compressor. The practical reasons is to sub cool the liquid from the condenser to prevent bubbles of vapor from impending the flow of refrigerant through expansion valve.

The third reason for using a heat exchanger is the increase in refrigerant effect. As the liquid to suction heat exchanger sub cools the liquid coming from the condenser with suction vapor coming from the evaporation.
P

P2

P1

With heat exchanger the refrigeration effect h1 h 4 With out heat exchanger the refrigerant effect h1 h 4 So, the RE increases by using heat exchanger.

f) What are the functions of an expansion valve? What type of expansion valve is used here? The expansion device performs the following functions: It reduces the high pressure liquids refrigerant to low pressure refrigerant before being fed to the evaporator. It maintains the desired pressure difference between the high and low pressure of the system, so that the liquid refrigerant vaporize at the designed pressure of the evaporator. It controls the flow of refrigerant according to the load of evaporation. The expansion valve used in the expansion was a thermostatic expansion valve.

g) Why Brine Tank is insulated? The brine tank is insulated because it protects the tank from heat exchange between inside and outside.

h) Why high pressure &low pressure switches are used is refrigeration system? On a refrigeration system high pressure switch and low pressure switch are most significant. If the pressure of the refrigerating system is very high or low after that pressure switch is on to control the pressure and lower the pressure. It is used installed in the suction line to sustain an adequate high pressure in the evaporator to prevent freezing or unnecessary dehumidification of air in an air cooling system. i) What is the speed of the motor and what is the number of poles of the motor? The speed of the motor is 1430 r.p.m. and the number of the poles is 4. j) What are the functions of an Air Handling Unit (AHU) & a Fan Coil Unit (FCU)? Air Handing Unit (AHU): Its basic principle is to standardize the flow of hot or cold air collected from the evaporation by channel it through ducts. Fan Coil Unit (FCU): Fan coil unit consists of a fan, air filter and one or two coil. An air handling unit in principal is a large coil but having much stronger fan and coil assembly, to enable significant duct work to be connects to it for serving as large area. A FCU allows about two three duct work connection and serves a small area.

Refrigeration Cycle:
P

P2

P1

Figure 3.2 Refrigeration Cycle

Point 1 : Start of compression Point 2 : Start of condensation and end of compression Point 3 : End of condensation & enters to the heat exchanger

Point 3 : Exit from the heat exchanger & start of the expansion process Point 4 : Start of evaporation Point 1 : End of Evaporation & enters to the heat exchanger

Discussion:
In our experiment the refrigerant is R-12

In our experiment there is a Filter drier used which filtrate solid particle and dried moisture as well as lubricating oil. In filter drier silica gel is used.

In this experiment Y strainer is used, when dust particle are gathered in the filter with the help of Y strainer the dust particle are removed.

In our experiment brine solution is used because when salt combine with water then its freezing point goes down than pure water.

The actual vapor compression cycle suffer from inefficiencies compared with the standard cycle. There are also other changes from the standard cycle, which may be intentional or unavoidable. The indispensable difference between the actual and the standard cycle emerge in the pressure drops in the condenser as well as evaporator in the sub cooling of the liquid leaving the condenser and in the superheating of the vapor leaving the evaporator. The standard cycles assumes no drop in pressure in condenser along with evaporator.

In our experiment we use a heat exchanger, with assist of the heat exchanger the refrigerating effect increases. Both the ability and the co-efficient of performance may seem to be enhanced the compression is pushed farther out into the superheat region, where the work of compression in kj per kg is larger than it is close to the saturated vapor line. From capacity point of view the compressor suction has a higher specific volume than evaporator outlet, so that compressor is capable to pump a certain volume delivers less mass flow if the intake is at after heat exchanger. The heat exchanger is absolutely vindicated nonetheless in situations where the vapor entering the compressor must be superheated to make certain that no liquid enters the compressor.

An additional convenient motivation for using the heat exchanger is to sub cools the liquid from the condenser to avert bubbles of vapor from impending the flow of refrigerant through the expansion valve.