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The new system of weights and measures will be a stumbling block and the source of difficulties for several generations Its just tormenting the people with trivia!!
Napoleon I
Units of Volume
Metric 1 ml = 5 ml = 30 ml = Apothecary 1 minum 15 - 16 m 1 dram 1 ounce = = = = Household 1 gtt 15 gtts 1 teaspoon 1 ounce
Converting mg to Grains
Convert 300 mg to grains We want to cancel the mg and end up with grains
gr1 60mg
To convert from one multiple to the other, move the decimal point 3 places in the direction indicated.
Kg
mg
Converting lbs to kg
Convert 200 lb to kg Known = 1kg = 2.2 lb
200lb 2 100
100 10% 10
100 10 = 90kg
Concentration
how much drug is in a given amount of fluid worded as on Hand Break it down to per mL values
100mg/5mL = 20mg/mL
The Key
Organization
identify key components of problem
Ordered Dose
Formula Method
volume on hand ordered dose volume to be given ( X ) = concentration (mg)
X = 1mL
Ordered Dose
Ratio & Proportion Method
On the left side of the proportion, put the known ratio:
10 mg : 5 mL ::
On the right side, put the ration that is unknown:
10 mg : 5 mL :: 2 mg : X mL
Multiply the extremes then multiply the means
10 X = 5 x 2 X = 1 mL
10 X = 10
Titrated Drugs
Specific dose of Drug given in small increments to effect
Dose usually repeated Q 3 5 minutes
Example
2- 10 mg Versed for seizure control 2 10 mg MS for pain and B/P >100
On Hand:
10mg in 2 mL or 5 mg/mL
Problem
How to give 2 mg increments accurately IVP
Answer
Dilute to 10 mL of solution
2 mL of Versed with 8 cc of NS = 1 mg/mL
X = 900mg
9000 X= mL 500
X = 18 mL
Concentration
Goal
to find out how many mg, mcg, or grams of a drug there are in 1 mL of solution
usually mg/mL
Formula
Solute (grams or milligrams of drug) X= Solvent (liters or milliliters of volume)
Calculating Concentration
Formula Method
One gram of lidocaine has been added to a 250 mL bag of Normal Saline. What is the concentration? Step 1 - set up the formula
1g lidocaine X= 250 mL D5W
X= Solute (grams or milligrams of drug) Solvent (liters or milliliters of volume)
Calculating Concentration
Ratio & Proportion Method
One gram of lidocaine has been added to a 250 mL bag of Normal Saline. What is the concentration? Step 1 - Place known concentration on the left 1000mg : 250 mL :: Step 2 - Place unknown concentration on the right 1000mg : 250mL :: (X)mg : 1mL Step 3 - Multiply the Means and Extremes
250 X = 1000
Step 4 - Write as: 4:1
Formula
volume to be infused drip set rate gtts / min = infusion time in minutes
IV Drip Rate
Dimensional Analysis
You are to administer lidocaine at a rate of 2 mg/min to a patient with an arrhythmia. You have a vial of Lidocaine that contains 1 g in 5 mL. You also carry a 250 mL bag of Normal Saline. Your administration set is a microdrip with a rate of 60 gtts/mL. How many drops/min will you set your IV set to drip? Step 1: Organize the information. Order: 2 mg lidocaine/min IV On Hand: 1 g lidocaine/5 mL Bag: 250 mL NS Adm set: 60 gtt/mL Looking for: gtt/min
IV Drip Rate
Formula
X= IV bag volume(mL) mg ordered adm set(gtt) Drug in Bag 1 min 1 mL
IV Drip Rate
Rule of Fours
Using the same problem, we calculate the following: & 60gtt = 1 mL 4mg=1mL 4 mg 60 3 mg 45
Gtts/min
Desired Dose 1 mg
15 30 2 mg
concentration of drip
Solutions
A solution given as a percentage always refers to this concentration
Grams of drug in 100 mL of solution
Therefore:
D5W =
5% Dextrose solution 5 grams of Dextrose for every 100 mL solution 500 mL bag = 25 grams of Dextrose
Solutions (continued)
Example #2
2% Lidocaine
2 grams of Lidocaine in 100 mL solution 2000 mg in 100 mL solution 20 mg/mL
Example #3
20% Lidocaine
20 grams in 100 mL 20000 mg in 100 mL 200 mg.mL