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  • Introduction To Awk

    Transféré par

    Ibrahim Lakoni
    18 vues11 pages
    Awk is a pattern scanning and processing language. It works on a text file a line at a time if a line matches a pattern the related action is executed. Examples shown in this talk could be achieved equally well (if not better) using sed, perl, python, c, cobol, algol or assembler.

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    Introduction to Awk

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    Awk is a pattern scanning and processing language. It works on a text file a line at a time if a line matches a pattern the related action is executed. Examples shown in this talk could be achieved equally well (if not better) using sed, perl, python, c, cobol, algol or assembler.

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    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Téléchargez comme PDF, TXT ou lisez en ligne sur Scribd
    Signaler comme contenu inapproprié
    18 vues11 pages

    Introduction To Awk

    Transféré par

    Ibrahim Lakoni
    Awk is a pattern scanning and processing language. It works on a text file a line at a time if a line matches a pattern the related action is executed. Examples shown in this talk could be achieved equally well (if not better) using sed, perl, python, c, cobol, algol or assembler.

    Droits d'auteur :

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Téléchargez comme PDF, TXT ou lisez en ligne sur Scribd
    Signaler comme contenu inapproprié
    sur 11

    AnIntroductiontoawk

    SimonStanford
    BirminghamLUGUtilityfest
    February2007

    Introduction

    Whatisawk?
    PatternAction,PatternAction
    Amorecomplexexample
    Whattolookatnext
    Q&A

    Whatisawk?

    Awkisapatternscanningandprocessing
    language.

    Itworksonatextfilealineatatime
    Ifalinematchesapatterntherelatedactionis
    executed

    Createdby

    AlfredAho
    PeterWeinberger
    BrianKernighan

    (YesthatKernighan)

    Henceawk.Itisnotshortforawkward.

    ADisclaimer

    Alloftheexamplesshowninthistalkcould
    beachievedequallywell(ifnotbetter)using
    avarietyofotherutilitiesorlanguagessuch
    assed,perl,python,c,cobol,algolor
    assembler.
    Mostofthemcouldprobablybedone
    differentlyinawkaswell.
    There'sMoreThanOneWaytoDoIt
    (TMTOWTDI)

    PatternAction,PatternAction
    /Logout/{printTheuserloggedoutat$1}

    Anawkprogramconsistsofoneormore
    patternactionpairs.
    Patternsareenclosedin//,actionsin{}
    Eachlineoftextistestedagainsteach
    pattern,ifitmatchesthentheassociated
    actionisperformed.
    Thelineissplitintofields$1,$2,$3etc.for
    useintheactionstatements.
    $0isthewholeline.

    AnExample

    Processtheftp.logfiletocreateacsvfileof
    userlogonsandfiletransfers.

    Feb600:01:29logftp01ftpd[12500]:FTPLOGINFROM10.225.1.211[10.225.1.211],tnttrans
    Feb600:01:29logftp01ftpd[12501]:TYPEImage
    Feb600:01:29logftp01ftpd[12501]:PORT
    Feb600:01:29logftp01ftpd[12501]:RETR/ftphome/general/niceday.list
    Feb600:01:30logftp01ftpd[12501]:QUIT
    Feb600:01:29logftp01ftpd[12500]:TYPEImage
    Feb600:01:30logftp01ftpd[12500]:PORT
    Feb600:01:30logftp01ftpd[12500]:STOR/ftphome/BDS/tntnewsbds.list
    Feb600:01:30logftp01ftpd[12500]:QUIT
    Feb600:01:30logftp01ftpd[12501]:FTPsessionclosed
    Feb600:01:30logftp01ftpd[12500]:FTPsessionclosed
    Feb600:01:30logftp01ftpd[12502]:USERsca

    TheAwkProgram
    /FTPLOGINFROM/{print$1"_"$2"_"$3","$7","$11"_"$9}
    /STOR|RETR/{print$1"_"$2"_"$3","$6","$7}

    Feb600:01:29logftp01ftpd[12500]:FTPLOGINFROM10.225.1.211[10.225.1.211],tnttrans

    $1$2$3$4$5$6$7$8$9$10$11

    Feb600:01:29logftp01ftpd[12501]:RETR/ftphome/general/niceday.list
    Excuteprogramoninputfile:
    awkfawk1local5ftp.log>userlog.csv

    AMoreComplexExample

    Addaheadertothecsvfileandattheend
    printoutthenumberoflogons,thenumberof
    filetransactionsandtheaveragefilesper
    login.
    Date,Action,Detail
    Feb 6 00:01:29,LOGIN,tnttrans 10.225.1.211
    Feb 6 00:01:29,RETR,/ftphome/SUDS/tntnews.list
    Feb 6 00:01:29,LOGIN,tnttrans 10.225.1.211
    Feb 6 00:01:29,LOGIN,tnttrans 10.225.1.211
    Feb 7 00:00:37,LOGIN,csvmail 10.225.1.205
    Feb 7 00:00:38,LOGIN,csvmail 10.225.1.205
    Feb 7 00:00:51,LOGIN,tesco 172.16.1.65
    Number of Logins=45146 Number of file operations=15622
    Avg files per login =0.346033

    TheAwkProgram
    BEGIN{#setcountvariables
    num_logins=0
    num_files=0
    #printtheheader
    print"Date,Action,Detail"
    }
    /FTPLOGINFROM/{print$1""$2""$3","$7","$11""$9
    #addonetologinscount
    num_logins++
    }
    /STOR|RETR/{print$1""$2""$3","$6","$7
    #addonetofilescount
    num_files++
    }
    END{print"NumberofLogins="num_logins"Numberoffileoperations="num_files
    #doanaveragebutjustcheckwedon'tdivbyzero
    if(num_logins>0)print"Avgfilesperlogin="num_files/num_logins
    }

    Whattolookatnext

    formattingwithprintfstatements

    Otherdelimiters

    awkF:fawk3/etc/passwd

    Builtinvariables

    printf(Files=%s,Avg=%4.2f\n,$1$3)

    NF,FILENAME,NR

    Morecomplexcontrolanddatastructures
    andfunctions

    for(;;),getline(),arrays

    Quickies

    Stripoutaspecificfieldfromawhitespace
    delimitedinput.
    E.g.Producealistofalltheprocessidsof
    runningprocesses.
    psef|awk'{print$2}'

    Printthelinebeforeaparticularpattern

    BEGIN
    {previous=}
    /FTPLOGINFROM/ {printprevious}
    {previous=$0}

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