Enzymes play a very vital role in our human body .

Enzymes production in body is done because these enzymes act as catalyst for various biological processes in our body . Enzyme production is according to the body needs and is regulated through genes . In human body two types of enzymes are formed

Introduction to enzyme Production

1. Digestive enzymes production - Liver , is the organ that specifically help boddy in digestive enzyme production . Bile juice is formed by liver. Starting of this enzyme production occurs with release of amalyse in mouth saliva breaking down carbohydrates to component of sugar . Food then moves to stomach where pepsin enzyme production takes place and further breakdown of food . Food then moves to small intestine when it is digested by enzymes produced by gut lining and is digested. 2. Metabolic enzyme production - These metabolic enzyme production in body speed up chemical reaction within the cell for detoxification . Various metabolic processes such as seeing , hearing , moving etc are carried out with help of these enzymes . Metabolic enzymes production takes from almost every cell of human body . however liver , gallbladder , pancreas play a vital role . Besides human body enzymes are important for many household purposes such as washing , food processes ,etc it is used even in industrial processes . Enzyme production for various uses is done artificially . For human needs enzyme production take place with the help of microbiological processes . a large no . of industrial processes in biotechnology industry also use lot of enzymes..

Various Enzymes Production Processes .

These days with development of biotechnological industry new processes of enzyme production are yeilded Solid State Fermentation - This enzyme production processes has tremendous potential it could of great interest where crude fermented products are directly used for enzyme production. There are various micro organims and substrates that are required for enzyme production by this processes. Micro organisms required in SSF enzyme production processes . A large no of bacteria , virus , fungi produce different type of enzymes . Selection of particulary strain becomes very tedious when commercially competent enzyme production is done . The selection of strain depends upon environmental condition and nature of substrate . Generally hydrolytic enzyme production takes place with the help of celullases , xyanalases , these enzyme production take by fungi culture as they use such enzyme for their growth.. Commercial enzyme production is done by both culture by fungal as well as bacterial . Aspergillus fungi and a- amylase are basically preferred for culture. Apparently to get high yield and less cost genetically modified strains are used for enzyme production.

Substrates used for SSF enzyme production . Agro-industrial residues are considered to be the best substrates for SSF enzyme production . a no of such substrate are employed for cultivation of microorganisms for host enzyme production. Mainly used are sugarcane baggase , wheat bran , rice bran , rice husk , rice straw , sago hampas , grapevine etc. Factors affecting Enzyme production in SSF

Selection of substrate and microorganisms . Pre treatment of substrate Particle size of substrate water content and aw of substrate Control of temperature for fermenting matter / removal of metabolic heat. Relative humidity , type and size of inaculum Maintaing the uniformity of environment in SSF Gaseous maintinence i.e consumption of oxygen and CO2 evolution during enzyme production process.