Math 200

Super Quiz #1

Solutions to Practice Problems

Susan English went to Market Hall Produce and measured a number of fruits and vegetables. They (the vegetables and the people) were very cooperative. shape is the general shape of the produce item. kind is what kind of fruit or vegetable it is. length is the length of the thing in cm. (North pole to south pole) girth is the distance around in cm. (around the equator) mass is the mass in grams.
Produce shape 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 long sphere sphere sphere long football sphere football long long sphere kind w atermelon grapefruit yellow onion plum pickling cuke lemon tomato lime zucchini roma tomato tomato length 30 9 7 5 11 8 6 6 18 8 4.5 girth 74 34.3 25.2 19.5 10.5 19 22 15.2 12.3 16.5 15.5 m ass type 8760 vegetable 478.2 fruit 214 vegetable 111.3 fruit 68.3 vegetable 120.8 fruit 158.5 vegetable 67.1 fruit 186.1 vegetable 112.4 vegetable 63 vegetable

1. 2. 3. 4.

For these data, what are the cases? The cases are produce. Name one quantitative variable. Length, girth, or mass Name one categorical variable. Shape or type Make an ordered stemplot of the variable length 0 0 56678 89 1 1 1 8 2 2 3 0 3 5. Find the five number summary. Min = 5 Q1 = 6 median = 8 6. Create a Box plot using the five number summary.

Q3 = 11 Max = 30

7. Calculate the upper and lower fence that fathom would use to determine outliers. IQR
= 11 6 = 5 Lower Fence: 6 - (1.5)(5) = - 1.5 so no outliers on the low side Upper Fence: 11 + (1.5)(5) = 18.5 so 30 cm lengths are outliers.

8. Find the mean for length showing the correct symbol and using the sigma notation formula

9. Explain in English what this calculation does: 10. 11.

12. a. b.

From each of the ten data i=1 values subtract the mean (10.8), then sum up the ten answers. From your experience, can you predict what the sum will be? If so, give the answer; if not, do it. The sum should be equal to zero because total deviation below the mean should balance total deviation above the mean. Here are two dot plots for the variable length among fruit and vegetables. a. Comparing the distributions, which distribution has the lower center? Why? Based your answer only on the Dot Plot Produce analysis of these dotplots. The distribution of length for fruit will have the lower center because the outlier on vegetable pulls the center higher. b. For the distribution of vegetables: 1. Give the name of the shape of the distribution. Right skewed 2. Will the mean or the median of 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 this distribution be higher (larger)? length Why? The mean will be larger. The 30cm zucchini increases the sum and thus the mean. Here is a histogram for mass (in thousands of grams) for 34 items. What is bin width in this graphic? Show your calculation. 2000/4 = 500grams From the histogram and the fact that n=34, determine the proportion of products whose mass was less than 2000 grams. Label your answer using good probability notation. P(x<2000) = 30/34 = 0.88
vegetable fruit

(x x )

10

13. Shade in the portion of the histogram that represents your answer to part b. 14. Probability F-fruit, V-vegetable, FB-football shape, L-Long shape, Ssphere

Produce type fruit football shape long sphere Column Summary S1 = count ( ) 2 1 14 17 Row vegetable Summary 2 6 9 17 4 7 23 34

If you choose an item at random:

a. What is the probability that you choose a vegetable?

Express your answer using correct probability notation, round your answer to two decimal places. P(V) = 17/34 = 0.5

b. What is the probability that you chose an item who is a vegetable and whose shape is
a sphere? Express your answer using correct probability notation, round your answer to two decimal places. P (V and S ) = 9/34 = 0.26

c. Calculate P (F|S). Round your answer to two decimal places. P (F|S) = 14/23 = 0.61. d. Explain in English what the probability P (F|S) means. Given that the produce has a
spherical shape, what is the probability that the produce is a fruit?

e. What is the probability that a randomly selected item is a fruit whose shape is football
or sphere? Express your answer using correct probability notation, round your answer to two decimal places. P( F and (S or FB)) = 16/34 = 0.47

f. Using the concept of the Not rule of probability calculate the probability of choosing
a fruit using your answer to part a. P(F) = 1 P(V) = 1 0.26 = 0.74

g. Are the events that the item is a vegetable and that the item has a spherical shape
independent? Use a computation and statistical reason to justify your answer. P(V) = 0.5 P(V|S) = 9/23 = 0.39. Because these two probabilities are not equal the events are not independent.

h. Are the events that the item is a vegetable and that the item has a spherical shape
mutually exclusive events or not mutually exclusive events? Use a computation and statistical reason to justify your answer. P(V and S) is not zero, therefore the events are not mutually exclusive..