Académique Documents
Professionnel Documents
Culture Documents
Polymer Science
RAFT Polymerization
The RAFT Process Classes of RAFT Agents RAFT Agent to Monomer Compatibility Table Related Content
Dr Graeme Moad, Research Team Leader at CSIRO Materials Science and Engineering "Aldrich Materials Sciences catalogue of diverse RAFT agents enables scientists to rationally design and synthesize novel polymeric materials." Dr John Chiefari, Principal Research Scientist at CSIRO Materials Science and Engineering "The variety of RAFT agents currently available allows scientists to explore new application areas as diverse as biomedical, agricultural, personal care and industrial materials." CSIRO, the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, is Australias national science agency and one of the largest and most diverse research agencies in the world, and had this to say "CSIROs RAFT technology is a process for making better polymers. Aldrich Materials Science (under licence from CSIRO) offers a diverse range of innovative RAFT agents and have now expanded their catalogue to include macro-RAFT agents and copolymers prepared using RAFT technology. CSIRO is excited to note the new custom research & development services that Aldrich Material Science offers researchers seeking to evaluate the performance of tailored RAFT polymers."
Figure 1. General comparison of polymers made with traditional radical polymerization against those made using RAFT process.
General structure of a RAFT agent is shown in Figure 2. A RAFT CTA typically has a thiocarbonylthio group (S=C-S) with substituents R and Z that impact the polymerization reaction kinetics and, importantly, the degree of structural control. Initiation of the polymerization reaction is accomplished utilizing conventional thermal, photochemical, or redox methods and it is the proper choice of the RAFT reagents appropriate for a particular monomer and reaction medium that will largely determine success of a RAFT polymerization experiment. This general concept is depicted below in Figure 2.
Figure 2. General structure of a RAFT agent; choice of the RAFT agent is critical to obtain polymers with low PDI and controlled architecture. back to top
Dithiobenzoates Very high transfer constants Prone to hydrolysis May cause retardation under high concentrations Trithiocarbonates High transfer constants More hydrolytically stable (than dithiobenzoates) Cause less retardation Dithiocarbamates
RAFT agents are sold for research purposes only: see www.sigmaaldrich.com/raftlicense. Patents WO98/01478, WO99/311444.
Related Content
View a list of available monomers View a list of the available radical initiators suitable for use in the RAFT polymerizations
back to top References 1. Chiefari, J.; Chong, Y. K.; Ercole, F.; Krstina, J.; Jeffery, J.; Le, T. P. T.; Mayadunne, R. T. A. ; Meijs, G. F.; Moad, C. L.; Moad, G.; Rizzardo, E.; Thang, S. H. Macromolecules 1998, 31, 55595562. 2. Moad, G.; Rizzardo, E.; Thang, S. H. Aust. J. Chem. 2005, 58, 379-410. 3. McCormick, C.L.; Lowe, A.B. Acc. Chem. Res. 2004, 37, 312-325. 4. Mayadunne, R.T.A.; Rizzardo, E.; Chiefari, J.; Chong, Y.K.; Moad, G.; Thang, S.H.; Macromolecules 1999, 32, 6977-6980. 5. Destarac. M.; Charmot. D.; Franck, X.; Zard, S. Z. Macromol. Rapid. Commun. 2000, 21, 1035-1039. 6. Mayadunne, R. T. A.; Rizzardo, E.; Chiefari, J.; Kristina, J.; Moad, G.; Postma, A.; Thang, S. H. Macromolecules 2000, 33, 243-245. 7. Francis, R.; Ajayaghosh, A. Macromolecules 2000, 33, 4699-4704. back to top
ORDERING
CUSTOM PRODUCTS ECOMMERCE SOLUTIONS ORDER CENTER PRODUCTS TERMS & CONDITIONS OF SALE
CORPORATE
INVESTOR RELATIONS BUSINESS DEVELOPMENT WORLDWIDE OFFICES ABOUT US SITE MAP CAREERS EVENTS PROGRAMS REACH REGULATIONS CONTACT US LITERATURE PORTAL NEWSLETTER PORTAL TOOL BOX 2011 Sigma-Aldrich Co. LLC. All rights reserved. SIGMA, SAFC, SIGMA-ALDRICH, ALDRICH, and SUPELCO are trademarks of Sigma-Aldrich Co. LLC, registered in the US and other countries. FLUKA is a trademark of Sigma-Aldrich GmbH, registered in the US and other countries. Sigma brand products are sold through Sigma-Aldrich, Inc. Purchaser must determine the suitability of the product(s) for their particular use. Additional terms and conditions may apply. Site Use Terms | Privacy