DEVLOPMENT & ANALYSIS OF ALPHA STIRLING ENGINE MODEL

A PROJECT REPORT Submitted to

GAUTAM BUDDH TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY, LUCKNOW In partial fulfillment of the requirement for the award of the degree of BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY With specialization in AUTOMOBILE ENGINEERING Submitted by
ANKIT KUMAR QUDSI NAYAZ RAHUL TIWARI RAVI YADAV ASHISH RAWAT 0806447016 0806447046 0806447047 0806447051 0806447406

Under the guidance of Mr. ANSHUL SAHU ASST. PROF.

2008-2012

DEPARTMENT OF AUTOMOBILE ENGINEERING HINDUSTAN COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, FARAH MATHURA- 281122 I

CERTIFICATE
This is to be certify that project report entitled DEVLOPMENT & ANALYSIS OF ALPHA STIRLING ENGINE MODEL which is submitted by ANKIT KUMAR (0806447016), QUDSI NAYAZ (0806447046), RAHUL TIWARI (0806447047), RAVI YADAV (0806447051), ASHISH RAWAT (0806447406) in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the award of the degree of Bachelor of Technology (B.Tech) in department of Automobile Engineering of Hindustan college of science and Technology affiliated to Gautam Buddha Technical University, Lucknow is a record of candidates own works carried out by them under our supervision.

To the best of my knowledge the work has not been submitted in part or in full to any other university or institute for the award of any degree or diploma.

Mr. ANSHUL SAHU Assistant Professor Project Guide

Mr. Y.C. Dhote

Assistant professor & Head of the Department

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
It is with great pleasure that we present this report DEVLOPMENT & ANALYSIS OF ALPHA STIRLING ENGINE MODEL. We gratefully acknowledge our profound indebtedness towards our esteems guide Asst. Prof. Anshul Sahu, Department of Automobile Engineering, H.C.S.T., Mathura, for his valuable guidance, excellent supervision and constant encouragement during the entire work.

We acknowledge with gratitude the benediction of our institution and Director, H.C.S.T, Mathura who extended all facilities and co-operation in the completion of this dissertation.

We express our sincere gratitude to the H.O.D. AUTOMOBILE Mr. Y.C. DHOTE & our esteem faculty member of the department.

We also express sincere gratitude to the librarian, H.C.S.T, Mathura for providing helpful study material.

Lastly, but certainly not the least, we would like to thank our beloved parents for their encouragement and cooperation during the time of working through this dissertation. Also we spread our love and thanks to all the friends for their encouragement and support.

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ABSTRACT

A Stirling engine is a heat engine operating by cyclic compression and expansion of air or other gas, the working fluid at different temperature levels such that there is a net conversion of heat energy to mechanical work. Like the steam engine, the Stirling engine is traditionally classified as an external combustion engine as all heat transfers to and from the working fluid take place through the engine wall. This contrasts with an internal combustion engine where heat input is by combustion of a fuel within the body of the working fluid. Unlike a steam engine's (or more general Rankine cycle engine's) usage of a working fluid in both its liquid and gaseous phases, the Stirling engine encloses a fixed quantity of permanently gaseous fluid such as air. Typical of heat engines, the general cycle consists of compressing cool gas, heating the gas, expanding the hot gas, and finally cooling the gas before repeating the cycle. The efficiency of the process is narrowly restricted by the efficiency of the Carnot cycle, which depends on the temperature difference between the hot and cold reservoir. Originally conceived in 1816 as an industrial prime mover to rival the steam engine, its practical use was largely confined to low-power domestic applications for over a century. The Stirling engine is noted for its high efficiency compared to steam engines, quiet operation, and the ease with which it can use almost any heat source. This compatibility with alternative and renewable energy sources has become increasingly significant as the price of conventional fuels rises, and also in light of concerns such as peak oil and climate change. This engine is currently exciting interest as the core component of micro combined heat and power (CHP) units, in which it is more efficient and safer than a comparable steam engine.

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LIST OF TABLE

TABLE NO. 4.1 5.1 6.1 10.1 10.2

Title Parts list Part Costing Manufacturing Costing Energy Distribution Input & Output Energy Distribution

PAGE NO. 17 37, 38 41 61 62

LIST OF FIGURE

FIGURE NO.

FIGURE DETAILS

PAGE NO.

2.1 2.2 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6 3.7 3.8 3.9 6.1 6.2 6.3 6.4 7.1 7.2 7.3 7.4 7.5 8.1 9.1 9.2 9.3 9.4 9.5

Earliest Stirling Engine Stirling Engine Principle of Operation Pressure/Volume Graph of Ideal Stirling Cycle Alpha Engine Configuration Example of a Real Cycle of an Alpha Engine Beta Engine Configuration Beta Engine with Momentum Flywheel Example of Real Cycle of A Beta Gamma Engine Configuration Small Gamma Engine Example of Real Cycle of Beta Heating Expansion Cooling Contracting Schematic Stirling Cycle Solar Panel Gotland HMS Low Power Stirling Engine CHP Stirling Engine Working On a Cup of Coffee Hybrid Car Designed By GM1 AIP System Stirling Engine in Nacken Torque-Crankshaft Angle Altitude Air Speed

4 5 8 9 11 12 12 14 15 16 16 43 44 44 45 47 48 48 49 49 51 54 55 55 56 57

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9.6 9.7 9.8 9.9

AC Whisper Gen Conceptual Design of the SRG by Lockheed Solar Dynamic Brayton Schematic Solar Dynamic Schematic

58 60 61 62

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CONTENT
CHAPTER 1. Introduction 2. History 3. Presentation Of The Sterling Engine 3.1 Stirling Thermodynamic Cycle 3.2 Engine Configuration 3.3 Alpha Stirling Engine 3.4 Beta Stirling Engine 3.5 Gamma Stirling Engine 3.6 Other Types 4. Part List And Drawing 4.1 Part Drawing For Model 4.2 Assembly Stages 5. Estimation & Costing 6. Working Of Stirling Engine 7. Reasons To Use Stirling Engine 8. Analyze From Point Of View 9. Application Of Stirling Power 9.1 Cars 9.2 Submarines 9.3 Aircrafts 9.4 Heat And Power Systems 9.5 Cycrocooler 9.6 Nuclear Power 9.7 Solar Energy 10. Conclusion And Future Scope 11. References Page no. 1 3 6 7 8 9 11 14 16 17 19 29 37 42 46 50 53 54 55 56 58 59 59 61 64 67

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