CHAPTER : 1 Introduction Statement of the problem Need for the study Objectives of the study Sample selection Data

source Scope of the study Limitations of the study

Introduction : There is a wide scope for the Indian Poultry Industry to enter the global market and also generate rural employment opportunities on a large scale. But this calls for sound policies to provide the necessary infrastructure and incentives. The origins of the poultry industry can be traced to India. The modern hybrid hen owes its ancestry to India. However, poultry fanning as a commercial enterprise is a recent phenomenon in this country. The poultry sector is one of the rare examples of socio-economic development Which attained its present advanced stage without much international aid or investments form the five year plans. During the past decades, the poultry fanning has transformed itself from a backyard activity into an organized, sophisticated medium scale industry, using fundamental and applied research, transferring technology from the best sources abroad and utilizing highly professional man power, through a well planned effort of indigenization. The Indian poultry industry is growing at a whopping J 5 percent (layers) and 20 percent (8roikrs) every year; the like of Which has not been recorded in any other sector of agriculture and animal husbandry. This rapid growth was possible due to many factors which worked together such as: Developing new and more productive layers and broiler breeds. Widespread adoption of modern methods of poultry keeping.

Developing poultry care products such ae; vaccines and availability of other inputs. Assured and better returns as compared to other avenues such as agriculture and

animal husbandry and The entry of Private Entrepreneurs who spread the word about the returns that could be had from poultry.

Today India has 12 pure line research and breeding farms, over 300 hatcheries, two lakh farmers and many enterprises manufacturing essential inputs such as vaccines, medicines, feed, equipment including automatic 1Ceders and micro processor controlled walk-in-incubators, as well as facilities for training and research and development (R&D). Thus a strong production base already exists, which can take care of not only the domestic requirement but also a sizable share of the international market. The present day Indian poultry is beset with a number of problems the cost of component feeds has become prohibitive. The marketing system cannot meet the demands of the producers. There is a persistent out-break of epidemics among the birds in spite of the all these problems majority of poultry farms continue to operate in the industry hence the poultry enterprise offers both incentives for investment and at the same time poses a risk of loss to the farmers the farmers should have a knowledge of the estimates of investments probable costs and returns profits etc so as the make decision on sound economic principles. Karnataka Scene : Karnataka State contributes about 8 percent to the total egg production in India. The state has occupied 8th place in egg production. The position of Chitradurga District with respect to egg production was 4th in Karnataka State with Bangalore, Mysore, Bellary, Chitradurga and Shimoga districts ranking I. II. III. IV & V respectively. The poultry units are eligible to claim the state investment subsidy irrespective of establishing the unit on agricultural land or converted land for industrial purpose. Out of 175 Taluks in Karnataka State. 173 taluks are getting the subsidy from tile state government because they arc situated ill the developing areas. But only 2 taluks i.e Bangalore urban North & Bangalore urban south arc not getting the subsidy because these 2 taluks arc in the developed areas. The subsidy will be 25 percent of fixed assets and limited to Rs.10 lakhs, but Earlier it was up to Rs.25 lakhs. The fixed Assets, which get subsidy are Building, Feed mill, Borewells, Waterlines, tanks feeders, Drinkers, heating system, regular lighting erection and transportation . The Industrial Entrepreneurship has been identified by many experts as a vital

force in the process of industrialization. Today all the means of production (i.e., Land, Labour and Capital) are separately owned and are scattered throughout the length and breadth of the country. It is quite impossible to start production function until they are coordinated in proper proportion. In an enterprise capital in bought in by the financiers, labour by the labourers land by the landowners and it is the entrepreneur who brings them together, harness & them to work in progress. I Ie takes initiation to start the work, to organize and supervise it. Thus the entrepreneurial activity has assumed prime Importance in the economic growth. The economic history of the presently developed countries, for example, America, Russia and Japan, tends to support the fact that the economy is an effect for which entrepreneurship is the cause. The crucial role displayed by the entrepreneurs in the development of western countries has made the people of under developed countries too much conscious of the significance of entrepreneurship in economic development. Now, people have begun to realize that achieving the goal of economic development, it is necessary to increase entrepreneurship both quantitatively and qualitatively in the country. It is only active and enthusiastic entrepreneurs who fully explore the potentialities of the country's available resources land, labour and capital. It is also opined that development does not occur spontaneously as a natural Consequence when economic conditions arc in some sense right, a catalyst or agent is needed and this requires an entrepreneurial ability. India is being an underdeveloped country aims at decentralized industrial structure to reduce the regional imbalances in levels of economic development. Poultry entrepreneurship in such industrial structure plays an important role to achieve balanced regional development. It is unequivocally believed that poultry industries provide immediate large-scale employment, ensure more equitable distribution of national income and also facilitate an effective resource mobilization of capital and skill, which might otherwise remain, unutilized.

The experience has shown that entrepreneurial talent can be developed with proper training and motivation. Hence, the developing countries are giving much importance these days for development of entrepreneurship through motivation training. India, being a developing country, is not lagging behind. It has embarked on the development of entrepreneurship in poultry farms not only to solve the growing problem of unemployment, to correct regional imbalance, to de-centralize the concentration of economic power through dispersal of industries over a large area. In India entrepreneurship development has attained the status of the movement. It is evident in as many as 686 organizations participating in this developmental process. Now efforts are being made to introduce entrepreneurship as part of the curriculum at graduate and post graduate levels, many universities in India, following the guidelines of university grants commission, have already introduced the subject of

entrepreneurship at graduate and post graduate levels. This has created a need for studies at different levels to throw light on the prevailing Socio-Economic conditions, the process and problems of entrepreneurial growth and its performance. hence, this study of" Poultry Entrepreneurship in Chitradurga District".

Statement of the problem : Poultry farming is mainly based on private investment by individual entrepreneurs, who are primarily motivated by considerations of relative profitability for allocating funds to the business. The questions generally pondered are: A. What is the Socio-Economic background of respondents? B. What factors induce respondents to take up poultry farming? C. Are they successful in their ventures? An attempt has been made in the present study to explore different facets of entrepreneurship with the help of an empirical data which offers some modified views on the subject to help policy makers to evolve a sound and suitable policy on entrepreneurship development in poultry farming. Need for the Study : India is a rich country inhabited by poor people, so goes a saying through India is filled with a lot of natural resources, the people of India are not making use of these resources properly. As a result, millions of Indians are in grinding poverty. here two things happen: 1. Improper use of available resources, and 2. Improper utilization of the human resources. So, if these two arc utilized properly, then it leads to overall development of both individual as well as nation as a whole. Mahatma Gandhiji said that best utilization of the whole manpower of India is main yard stick of real planning. The best utilization of manpower leads to economic development of any region. In this regard, the poultry farming have to playa vital role to enter the global market and also generate rural employment opportunities. The importance of the poultry farming in the economy of a nation is not confined only to a developing country like India but it encompasses the global trend including both the developing and developed countries. However, we find that poultry farming have not reached their expected goal. There is wide spread problems in the!' which matter much to the society. Further, poultry fanning are best suited to entrepreneurial studies as they are mainly owned and managed by single individuals.

Objectives of the Study : The main objectives of the study are: To identify the Socio-Economic origins of the entrepreneurs. To investigate the factors that tends to influence entrepreneurship. To highlight the problems, faced by poultry entrepreneurs. To suggest suitable guidelines based on the findings of the study for development of entrepreneurship in poultry farming.

1. 2. 3. 4.

Sample Selection : The selection of the respondents was done on the basis of information provided by the main dealers of chick feeders at Chitradurga. 28 poultry farmers were randomly picked up for detailed study. Data Source : Primary data : The study is based mainly on primary data. The data was gathered through field investigation. The respondents were personally interviewed with the help of a detailed pre-tested interview schedule. All the poultry farms under present study were managed, at the time of survey, by the respondents themselves. The data generated thus have been organized in tabular form wherever necessary and analyzed with the help of percentages in order to draw meaningful conclusions.

Secondary data : Secondary data is collected through the factory records, Books, Annual Reports, Information sheet and E Source.

Scope of the Study :

Considering the nature of the study, time required and the resource constraints, the study was restricted to 28 respondents engaged mainly in poultry fanning in Hosadurga & Hirihure taluk of Chitradurgaga district in Karnataka.

Limitations of the Study :

The present research work is based mainly on personal interviews with the sample farmers, through personal interview method with the help of specially constructed and pre-tested questionnaire for the year 1999-2000. Hence, It IS bound to have certain limitations. Answers are in some cases approximate figures. Though an honest attempt has been made to record and report the responses by the respondents with utmost objectivity. The conclusion drawn on many occasions arc based on researcher's own judgement.