Gabriel Maci Fernndez (gmacia@ugr.es) http://ceres.ugr.

es/~gmacia

08/07/2009

Some questions
How is it possible to localize a mobile phone in a network? How does the number portability work? How can the network check my prepaid balance? Why emergency numbers appear at my city? How does roaming work? How are SMS transferred through the network?

Mobile Networks
Traffic scenarios explained
Gabriel Maci Fernndez 2009 University of Granada (Spain) 25/06/2009 Gabriel Maci Fernndez 2009 University of Granada (Spain) 25/06/2009
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Index
PSTN architecture overview
Call establishment in PSTN.

PSTN architecture
Switching center subscriber

Mobile Network architecture Traffic scenarios in mobile networks

Location update Mobile terminating call (MTC) Intelligent network scenarios. Roaming. SMS scenarios
Gabriel Maci Fernndez 2009 University of Granada (Spain) 25/06/2009 Gabriel Maci Fernndez 2009 University of Granada (Spain) 25/06/2009

Last mile Access network

Core Network

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PSTN calls
A number

Mobile Network Architecture

HLR BTS BTS MS MSC/VLR BSC B number BSC
Gabriel Maci Fernndez 2009 University of Granada (Spain) 25/06/2009

Gabriel Maci Fernndez 2009 University of Granada (Spain) 25/06/2009

Key aspects:
Number A, number B Signaling concept B number routing tables
Addressing plan B number prefix next hop

MSC/VLR MSC/VLR

MS

Key concepts:
IMSI is in SIM card, not MSISDN HLR
Relates IMSI MSISDN (number B) Keeps track of position of MS.

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Initial address message (IAM)

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University of Granada (Spain)

 Gabriel Maci Fernndez (gmacia@ugr.es) http://ceres.ugr.es/~gmacia

08/07/2009

Location update
HLR BTS MS IMSI-LAI BSC BSC MSC/VLR MSC/VLR
Gabriel Maci Fernndez 2009 University of Granada (Spain) 25/06/2009

Mobile call
BTS

IMSI-VLR

Problems:
MSCs do not know MS position Solution: MSCs should ask HLR about MS location SRI (Send Routing Info). Routing tables are static and should route to MS whatever position it has. Solution: use of fixed numbers associated to MSCs which are temporarily assigned to MS MSRN (MS roaming number).

MSC/VLR

MS
Gabriel Maci Fernndez 2009 University of Granada (Spain) 25/06/2009
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Concept of LA. Types of LU:

Periodic Change of LA Switch on / off

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Mobile Call
B IMSI IMSI - VLR HLR BTS BTS MS MSC/VLR BSC
Gabriel Maci Fernndez 2009 University of Granada (Spain) 25/06/2009

Intelligent network
Some examples of use:
Emergency numbers that depends on location Local number portability Dynamic selection of destination Closed user groups Prepaid services balance check Special tariffs

BSC MSC/VLR How to route to B? MSC/VLR MSRN IMSI MS

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Intelligent network
SCP / SDP HLR BTS MS IDP(B, OTHER) 2222+B MSC/VLR BSC
Gabriel Maci Fernndez 2009 University of Granada (Spain) 25/06/2009

Gabriel Maci Fernndez 2009 University of Granada (Spain) 25/06/2009

Roaming
Home network vs visited network Roaming agreements 2 Brief process Tariffs VPMN
HLR

BTS

HPMN

MSC 3 roamer

BSC MSC/VLR B-Number Table ---------------------1111 Vodafone 2222 TMN MSC/VLR MS

Gabriel Maci Fernndez 2009 University of Granada (Spain) 25/06/2009

TMN Network

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University of Granada (Spain)

 Gabriel Maci Fernndez (gmacia@ugr.es) http://ceres.ugr.es/~gmacia

08/07/2009

Short messages service (SMS)

SMS center: SMSC (preconfigured in MS) SMS originated and SMS terminated HLR notification to SMSC
SMSC MT-ForwardSM HLR
Gabriel Maci Fernndez 2009 University of Granada (Spain) 25/06/2009 Gabriel Maci Fernndez 2009 University of Granada (Spain) 25/06/2009

Thanks for your attention

Any questions?

BTS BTS MS MSC/VLR SM delivery BSC BSC MSC/VLR MSC/VLR MS

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University of Granada (Spain)