Reasoning 7 and end of Key Stage 1 levels

This report enables users of Verbal Reasoning 7 and Non-Verbal Reasoning 7 tests to estimate a
pupils possible end of Key Stage 1 test level in Reading, Writing and Maths. The KS1 indicators
given in this document are appropriate for Reasoning 7 users who test their pupils in the autumn term
of Year 2 in England and Wales or Primary 3 in Northern Ireland.
1. Background
Schools taking part in the Reasoning 7 national standardisation in the autumn term were asked to
provide the KS1 results at the end of the academic year. Complete results from Reasoning 7 and end
of KS1 tests were obtained from around 500 pupils.
2. How strong is the relationship between Reasoning scores and KS1 test results?
The strength of a relationship between two measures can be expressed with a statistic termed a
correlation coefficient. This coefficient goes from 0, indicating no relationship to 1 indicating a perfect
relationship.
The results showed a very strong and statistically significant correlation between the Reasoning 7
scores and the KS1 test results. The correlations are similar to those obtained between the Cognitive
Abilities Test (CAT) and KS2 test results. The correlations are shown in the table below.
Correlations

Reasoning 7 Test
Verbal raw score
Non-verbal raw score
Total raw score
Verbal SAS*
Non-verbal SAS
Average SAS

Key Stage 1 Tests

KS1 Average
Reading Writing Maths Point Score
0.79
0.73
0.68
0.80
0.54
0.52
0.62
0.60
0.74
0.76
0.72
0.80
0.74
0.71
0.64
0.76
0.51
0.49
0.59
0.58
0.72
0.69
0.70
0.76

*SAS= Standard Age Score

Note: Figures in bold are the highest correlations for each KS1 outcome.

The verbal reasoning scores gave the highest correlations with the KS1 reading and writing levels and
the combination of verbal and non-verbal scores gave the highest correlations with the KS1 maths
level. The Average Point Score is the average of the KS1 Reading, Writing and Maths test scores
based on the QCA scoring system: Level 1= 9 points, Level 2C=13, Level 2B=15, Level 2A=17, Level
3=21 points.
The correlations based on standardised scores are slightly lower than those based on raw scores.
This is expected because the KS1 test and Reasoning raw scores are not adjusted for the age of the
pupil whereas the Reasoning standardised scores are adjusted for age.

3. Estimating possible end of Key Stage 1 Reading levels

Figure 1 shows the progress charts which give indicated KS1 Reading test levels for various Verbal
Reasoning raw score bands.
To use the charts to get indicated levels for each pupil, choose the chart labelled with the Verbal
Reasoning (VR) score band within which the pupils score lies. For example, for a pupil with a VR raw
score of 18 look at the progress chart labelled VR scores 16-20. For this score band a range of KS1
reading results are possible. The most likely outcome is level 2A since 57 per cent of pupils achieved
this grade. However, levels 1, 2C, 2B and 3 are also possible, since these are achieved by 1, 3,19 and
20 per cent of pupils respectively. These charts demonstrate that a range of scores is possible, whilst
most pupils will achieve a level 2A some will achieve lower and some higher levels. This is important
to emphasise to pupils to show what might be achieved with sufficient motivation and effort, and to
guard against complacency.
A more detailed table showing the indicators for individual raw score points is given in sections 6 and
7 at the end of this document.
Figure 1

Verbal Reasoning 7 raw scores and KS1 English Reading Charts

VR scores 0-5
90%
80%
70%
60%
50%
40%
30%
20%
10%
0%

VR scores 6-10

43%
28%

23%
5%

2C

2B

2A

0%

90%
80%
70%
60%
50%
40%
30%
20%
10%
0%

43%
17%

VR scores 21-25
90%
80%
70%
60%
50%
40%
30%
20%
10%
0%

44%

0%

1%

2C

2A

16%

2C

2B

2A

40%

5%
1

VR scores 26-30

49%

6%
2B

23%

2%
1

VR scores 11-15
90%
80%
70%
60%
50%
40%
30%
20%
10%
0%

90%
80%
70%
60%
50%
40%
30%
20%
10%
0%

19%
0%

2%

2C

2B

2A

6%
2B

2A

VR scores 31+
78%

0%

40%

10%

2C

90%
80%
70%
60%
50%
40%
30%
20%
10%
0%

VR scores 16-20

89%

10%
0%

0%

1%

2C

2B

2A

90%
80%
70%
60%
50%
40%
30%
20%
10%
0%

57%

20%

19%
1%

3%

2C

2B

2A

4. Estimating possible end of Key Stage 1 Writing levels

Figure 2 shows the progress charts which give indicated KS1 Writing test levels for various Verbal
Reasoning raw score bands.
Figure 2

Verbal Reasoning 7 raw scores and KS1 English Writing Charts

VR scores 0-5

VR scores 6-10
70%

70%

60%

60%

60%

50%

50%

50%

41%

39%

40%

40%

30%

30%

39%

70%
60%
47%

50%

30%

33%

30%

25%
17%

20%

20%

43%

40%

40%

34%

19%

17%

20%

VR scores 16-20

VR scores 11-15

70%

20%
11%

10%

7%

10%

3%

0%
1

2C

2B

2A

2C

2B

2A

70%

60%

60%

60%
48%

50%
38%

40%
26%

30%

2C

24%

20%

2B

2A

2C

2B

2A

VR scores 31+

70%

44%

10%

3%

0%
1

VR scores 26-30

VR scores 21-25

40%

10%

4%

0%
1

70%

50%

8%

1%

0%

0%

10%

64%

50%
40%

30%

30%

20%

20%

29%

12%

10%

10%

4%
1%

0%

0%
1

2C

2B

2A

0%

1%

2C

0%
1

7%

10%
2%

0%

2C

2B

2A

2B

2A

5. Estimating possible end of Key Stage 1 Maths levels

Figure 3 shows the progress charts which give indicated KS1 Maths test levels for various raw score
bands based on the total Verbal and Non-Verbal raw score.
Figure 3

Total Reasoning 7 raw scores and KS1 Maths Charts

Total scores 0-10
90%
80%
70%
60%
50%
40%
30%
20%
10%
0%

Total scores 11-20

57%
31%
10%

2C

2B

2%

0%

2A

90%
80%
70%
60%
50%
40%
30%
20%
10%
0%

39%
10%
2%

2C

2B

2A

2C

2B

2A

1%
3

43%

90%
80%
70%
60%
50%
40%
30%
20%
10%
0%

24%
0%

3%

2C

2B

2A

3%
2C

2B

2A

Total scores 61+

73%

0%

24%

22%
7%

Total scores 51-60

49%

0%

28%
7%

Total scores 41-50

90%
80%
70%
60%
50%
40%
30%
20%
10%
0%

40%
24%

Total scores 31-40

Total scores 21-30

90%
80%
70%
60%
50%
40%
30%
20%
10%
0%

90%
80%
70%
60%
50%
40%
30%
20%
10%
0%

0%

0%

1%

2C

2B

7%
2A

90%
80%
70%
60%
50%
40%
30%
20%
10%
0%

49%
29%
2%
1

13%

7%
2C

2B

2A

6. Detailed table showing KS1 Reading and Writing indicators for each raw score point.
Reasoning 7 to KS1 Reading and Writing indicators
VR raw
score*
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32

Indicated KS1 level

Reading
Writing
1
1
1
1
2C
2C
2C
2C
2B
2B
2B
2B
2B
2B
2A
2A
2A
2A
2A
2A
2A
2A
2A
2A
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3

1
1
1
1
2C
2C
2C
2C
2C
2C
2B
2B
2B
2B
2B
2B
2B
2B
2B
2A
2A
2A
2A
2A
2A
2A
2A
2A
2A
3
3
3
3

W or 1
63%
57%
50%
43%
37%
31%
26%
21%
17%
13%
10%
8%
6%
5%
4%
3%
2%
2%
1%
1%
1%
1%
0%
0%
0%
0%
0%
0%
0%
0%
0%
0%
0%

KS1 Reading test probabilities

2C
2B
2A
22%
24%
27%
28%
29%
29%
27%
25%
23%
20%
17%
14%
12%
10%
8%
6%
5%
4%
3%
2%
2%
1%
1%
1%
1%
0%
0%
0%
0%
0%
0%
0%
0%

13%
16%
19%
23%
27%
32%
36%
40%
43%
44%
45%
45%
43%
40%
36%
32%
28%
23%
19%
16%
13%
10%
8%
6%
5%
4%
3%
2%
2%
1%
1%
1%
1%

2%
3%
4%
5%
6%
8%
10%
13%
16%
20%
25%
29%
35%
40%
45%
49%
53%
55%
57%
57%
55%
52%
49%
44%
39%
34%
29%
24%
19%
16%
13%
10%
8%

W or 1

0%
0%
0%
0%
1%
1%
1%
1%
2%
2%
3%
4%
5%
6%
8%
10%
13%
16%
20%
24%
30%
36%
42%
49%
55%
62%
68%
74%
78%
83%
86%
89%
91%

57%
52%
46%
41%
36%
31%
27%
23%
19%
16%
14%
11%
9%
8%
6%
5%
4%
3%
3%
2%
2%
1%
1%
1%
1%
1%
1%
0%
0%
0%
0%
0%
0%

KS1 Writing test probabilities

2C
2B
2A
31%
34%
37%
39%
40%
41%
41%
40%
39%
37%
34%
31%
28%
25%
22%
19%
16%
14%
11%
10%
8%
7%
5%
4%
4%
3%
2%
2%
2%
1%
1%
1%
1%

10%
12%
14%
17%
20%
23%
26%
30%
34%
37%
40%
43%
46%
47%
48%
48%
47%
45%
43%
40%
37%
33%
30%
26%
23%
20%
17%
14%
12%
10%
8%
7%
6%

* Use Verbal Reasoning (VR) raw score for reading or writing. Level 1 includes W (Working towards Level 1)

1%
2%
2%
3%
3%
4%
5%
6%
7%
8%
10%
12%
14%
17%
20%
23%
26%
29%
33%
36%
39%
41%
43%
44%
45%
44%
43%
41%
38%
35%
32%
29%
25%

3
0%
0%
0%
0%
1%
1%
1%
1%
1%
2%
2%
2%
3%
4%
4%
5%
7%
8%
10%
12%
14%
17%
20%
24%
28%
33%
38%
43%
48%
53%
59%
64%
68%

VR raw
score*
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32

7. Detailed table showing KS1 Mathematics indicators for each raw score point.
Reasoning 7 to KS1 Mathematics indicators
VR & NVR Total Raw Indicated KS1
Maths level
Score*
0
1
1
1
2
1
3
1
4
1
5
1
6
1
7
1
8
1
9
1
10
1
11
2C
12
2C
13
2C
14
2C
15
2C
16
2C
17
2C
18
2C
19
2B
20
2B
21
2B
22
2B
23
2B
24
2B
25
2B
26
2B
27
2B
28
2B
29
2B
30
2B
31
2B
32
2A
33
2A
34
2A
35
2A
36
2A
37
2A
38
2A
39
2A
40
2A
41
2A
42
2A
43
2A
44
2A
45
2A
46
2A
47
2A
48
2A
49
3
50
3
51
3
52
3
53
3
54
3
55
3
56
3
57
3
58
3
59
3
60
3
61
3
62
3
63
3
64
3
65
3
66
3
67
3
68
3

W or 1

Mathematics test probabilities

2C

2B

2A

73%
70%
67%
64%
61%
57%
54%
50%
46%
43%
39%
36%
33%

21%
23%
25%
27%
29%
31%
33%
35%
36%
38%
39%
40%
40%

5%
6%
7%
8%
9%
10%
11%
12%
14%
16%
17%
19%
21%

1%
1%
1%
1%
2%
2%
2%
3%
3%
3%
4%
4%
5%

0%
0%
0%
0%
0%
0%
0%
0%
0%
0%
0%
0%
1%

VR & NVR Total Raw

Score*
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12

30%
27%
24%
21%
19%
17%
15%
13%
12%
10%
9%
8%
7%
6%
5%
5%
4%
3%
3%
3%
2%
2%
2%
2%
1%
1%
1%
1%
1%
1%
1%
0%
0%
0%
0%
0%
0%
0%
0%
0%
0%
0%
0%
0%
0%
0%
0%
0%
0%
0%
0%
0%
0%
0%
0%
0%

41%
40%
40%
39%
38%
36%
35%
33%
31%
29%
27%
25%
22%
20%
18%
17%
15%
13%
12%
11%
9%
8%
7%
6%
6%
5%
4%
4%
3%
3%
2%
2%
2%
2%
1%
1%
1%
1%
1%
1%
1%
1%
0%
0%
0%
0%
0%
0%
0%
0%
0%
0%
0%
0%
0%
0%

23%
26%
28%
30%
32%
34%
36%
38%
40%
41%
42%
43%
43%
43%
42%
42%
40%
39%
37%
36%
34%
31%
29%
27%
25%
23%
20%
18%
17%
15%
13%
12%
10%
9%
8%
7%
6%
5%
5%
4%
4%
3%
3%
2%
2%
2%
2%
1%
1%
1%
1%
1%
1%
1%
1%
0%

6%
7%
7%
9%
10%
11%
12%
14%
16%
18%
20%
22%
24%
27%
29%
32%
35%
37%
40%
43%
45%
47%
49%
51%
52%
53%
53%
54%
53%
53%
52%
50%
49%
47%
45%
42%
40%
37%
34%
32%
29%
26%
24%
22%
19%
17%
16%
14%
12%
11%
10%
8%
7%
6%
6%
5%

1%
1%
1%
1%
1%
1%
1%
2%
2%
2%
3%
3%
3%
4%
4%
5%
6%
7%
8%
9%
10%
11%
13%
15%
17%
19%
21%
23%
26%
29%
32%
35%
39%
42%
46%
49%
53%
56%
60%
63%
67%
70%
73%
75%
78%
80%
83%
85%
86%
88%
89%
91%
92%
93%
94%
95%

13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68

* Use total of Verbal Reasoning (VR) and Non-Verbal Reasoning (NVR) raw scores for Mathematics.
Level 1 includes W (Working towards L1)

8. Calculating school or class level estimates of KS1 levels

The school or class level estimate is the mean of the probabilities for all pupils in the year. Table 4
gives an example of how group estimates are calculated for this fictitious class with five pupils who
have been assessed. Group estimates should only ever be taken as a rough guide to the future
performance of a class.
Pupil

TABLE 4: Calculating group estimates for KS1 mathematics for a fictitious class of five pupils
Total VR and
Indicated KS1
Mathematics test probabilities
NVR raw
level
W or 1
2C
2B
2A
3
scores

Pupil 1
Pupil 2
Pupil 3
Pupil 4
Pupil 5

7
18
25
38
52
Group indicator

W or 1
2C
2B
2A
3

50%
17%
7%
1%
0%
15%

35%
36%
22%
5%
1%
20%

12%
34%
43%
23%
4%
23%

3%
11%
24%
53%
32%
24%

0%
1%
3%
19%
63%
17%